Effects of Electromagnetic Waves | Grade 10 Science DepEd MELC Quarter 2 Module 3
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses the effects of electromagnetic waves on living organisms and the environment. It explains the difference between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, highlighting their sources and potential health risks. The video covers ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio waves, and gamma rays, along with their applications and dangers. It emphasizes the importance of the ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) to minimize radiation exposure using time, distance, and shielding. Lastly, practical safety tips for reducing exposure to electromagnetic frequencies from everyday devices are shared.
Takeaways
- 🌞 Electromagnetic radiation surrounds us from both natural and man-made sources, categorized into ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
- 🔋 Ionizing radiation removes electrons from atoms and can damage living tissues, while non-ionizing radiation lacks the energy to do so and is generally less harmful.
- 🛡️ The ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) emphasizes minimizing exposure to radiation through time, distance, and shielding.
- 🌅 Ultraviolet radiation from the sun helps in Vitamin D production but overexposure can lead to sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts.
- 🔥 Infrared radiation, felt as heat, is abundant in the sun's energy, but excessive exposure can cause eye damage and contribute to the greenhouse effect.
- 📡 Microwave radiation excites water molecules in food to generate heat and can cause burns or cataracts with overexposure.
- 📱 Radio frequency waves from devices like cell phones and Wi-Fi can warm up body parts exposed to them, especially with prolonged use.
- 💡 Lasers, made from non-ionizing radiation, can cause severe burns and damage to body parts like the eyes if used improperly.
- ⚛️ Ionizing radiation, like gamma and x-rays, is powerful enough to penetrate materials and can be harmful, but is also used in medical treatments such as cancer therapy.
- 🧲 To reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation, practical tips include limiting screen time, using speakerphones, and turning off devices at night.
Q & A
What are the two main types of radiation mentioned in the video?
-The two main types of radiation mentioned are ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation can remove electrons from atoms and molecules, while non-ionizing radiation does not have enough energy to do so.
Where does ultraviolet radiation come from, and what are its effects on humans?
-Ultraviolet radiation comes from the sun, welding, black lights, and UV lasers. While it is important for the production of vitamin D, overexposure can lead to sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts over time.
How does infrared radiation affect the environment, and what is the greenhouse effect?
-Infrared radiation is absorbed by the Earth's surface and clouds and then released as heat into the atmosphere. When trapped by water vapor, nitrogen, sulfur, and fluorocarbons, it causes the greenhouse effect, leading to climate change by increasing atmospheric temperature.
What principle should be followed to minimize radiation exposure, and what does it stand for?
-The principle to minimize radiation exposure is called ALARA, which stands for 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable.' It means that even small doses of radiation should be avoided if they do not provide any direct benefit.
What protective measures can reduce radiation exposure based on the ALARA principle?
-The three protective measures based on the ALARA principle are time, distance, and shielding. This means minimizing the time spent near a radiation source, maximizing the distance from it, and using appropriate shielding materials.
How do microwave ovens work, and what potential health effects can arise from overexposure to microwave radiation?
-Microwave ovens work by exciting water molecules in food, causing them to vibrate and generate heat. Overexposure to microwave radiation can cause cataracts and skin burns.
What is the primary health risk of using cell phones according to the video?
-The primary health risk of using cell phones is the warming of exposed body parts, such as the ear and head, due to the absorption of radiofrequency waves, which convert to heat.
Why are gamma rays considered both dangerous and useful?
-Gamma rays are dangerous because they can penetrate most materials, including living tissues, and cause cellular damage, mutations, and cancer. However, they are also useful in treating cancer as they can target and destroy cancerous cells.
What materials can effectively shield against alpha, beta, and gamma radiation?
-Alpha particles can be shielded with a sheet of paper or dead skin cells, beta particles can be blocked by a few inches of plastic or clothing, and gamma rays require dense materials like lead or depleted uranium for effective shielding.
What are some recommendations for reducing electromagnetic radiation exposure at home?
-Recommendations include limiting screen time for children, using speakerphone or wired headsets for calls, keeping wireless routers in less-used rooms or turning them off at night, and using wired connections for the internet and devices whenever possible.
Outlines
🌐 Introduction to Electromagnetic Waves and Radiation
This paragraph introduces the video topic, focusing on the effects of electromagnetic waves on living things and the environment. It discusses the two types of radiation: ionizing, which can remove electrons from atoms and cause cellular damage, and non-ionizing, which lacks the energy to do so. The paragraph also briefly touches on the sources of these radiations and their placement within the electromagnetic spectrum.
🌞 Understanding Ultraviolet, Infrared, and Microwave Radiation
This section explores ultraviolet (UV), infrared, and microwave radiation, detailing their sources, uses, and effects on living organisms. UV radiation from the sun is important for vitamin D production but can cause sunburn and cancer with overexposure. Infrared radiation is primarily felt as heat and plays a role in climate change. Microwaves are discussed in the context of cooking and technological devices, with overexposure leading to cataracts and skin burns.
📞 Radiation from Radio Frequencies and the Role of Lasers
This paragraph covers the radiation emitted by radio frequencies (used in devices like cell phones) and the dangers of prolonged exposure. It explains how radiation can heat parts of the body, such as the head, when using a phone. Lasers, although not a form of radiation, are described for their concentrated light beams and their applications, along with their potential to cause damage, especially to the eyes.
⚛️ Ionizing Radiation and Its Applications
This section explains ionizing radiation and its forms, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Alpha particles cannot penetrate skin but are harmful if ingested, while beta particles can penetrate skin but are stopped by materials like plastic. Gamma radiation, being the most penetrating, poses serious health risks but can also be used to treat cancer. The dangers of exposure to x-rays and other ionizing radiation in medical applications are discussed, emphasizing the importance of proper shielding.
🚼 Reducing Radiation Exposure and ALARA Principle
This final section provides practical advice on reducing exposure to electromagnetic radiation, especially for children using electronic devices. The ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) is introduced, highlighting time, distance, and shielding as key protective measures. Additional tips include limiting screen time, using wired connections, and keeping electronic devices away from the body. The section emphasizes the importance of awareness in everyday life to minimize radiation risks.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Electromagnetic radiation
💡Ionizing radiation
💡Non-ionizing radiation
💡Greenhouse effect
💡Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
💡ALARA principle
💡Gamma rays
💡Radiation shielding
💡Microwaves
💡Visible light
Highlights
Introduction to the effects of electromagnetic waves on living things and the environment.
Radiation exists in two forms: ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
Non-ionizing radiation lacks energy to remove electrons from atoms or molecules and is mostly harmless.
Ionizing radiation removes electrons from atoms and molecules, potentially harmful to living tissues.
Ultraviolet radiation comes from the sun and plays a role in vitamin D production but can cause skin cancer and cataracts with overexposure.
Visible light, comprising seven colors, can damage eyes and skin when overexposed.
Infrared radiation, often felt as heat, contributes to the greenhouse effect and climate change.
Microwave radiation excites water molecules to heat food but can cause skin burns and cataracts with overexposure.
Radio waves, used in AM/FM radios and cell phones, can heat body parts due to absorption and conversion into heat.
Lasers, while beneficial in medical treatments and technology, can cause severe burns and damage to the eyes.
Gamma rays, a form of ionizing radiation, can penetrate most materials and are used in cancer treatment but can cause mutations and cancer if unshielded.
X-rays are classified as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization and should be limited to avoid potential long-term risks.
Neutron radiation can cause biological damage and is ten times more dangerous than gamma radiation in certain conditions.
Children should limit exposure to electromagnetic radiation from devices by following the ALARA principle (As Low As Reasonably Achievable).
Three key protective measures from radiation include limiting time, increasing distance, and using shielding effectively.
Transcripts
[Music]
hi
there in our previous lessons we
talked about electromagnetic waves and
its practical applications
in this video we are going to discuss
the effects of electromagnetic waves on
living things in the environment
if you still haven't watched the
previous lessons you can
pause this video and watch those first
to better understand
our lesson today so let's get started
radiation exists all around us from both
natural
and man-made sources it comes in two
forms
ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
ionizing radiation is a form of energy
that acts by removing electrons from
atoms and molecules of materials that
include
air water and living tissues
on the other hand non-ionizing radiation
is a form of low energy radiation that
does not have enough energy
to remove an electron from an atom or
molecule
most types of non-ionizing radiation
have not been
found to cause cancer
the dividing line between non-ionizing
and ionizing radiation
occurs in the ultraviolet part of the
electromagnetic spectrum
radiation in the ultraviolet band and
at lower energies is called non-ionizing
radiation
while at the higher energies to the
right of the ultraviolet band
is called ionizing radiation
ultraviolet radiation comes from the sun
welding black lights and uv lasers
the sun emits uva uvb
and uvc rays uvc
rays are absorbed by the ozone layer and
never actually reach the earth
both uva and uvb light are important for
humans in the production of vitamin d
however the effects of overexposure to
ultraviolet
rays can be negative and can be
immediate or delayed
sunburn skin cancer and cataracts
develop over time with excessive
exposure
the visible light portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum
can be seen by humans animals and
other organisms this type of light
consists of seven colors
red orange yellow
green blue indigo and violet
when all the colors are present at one
time the light is
white overexposure to visible light can
damage
both the eyes and skin
[Music]
infrared is used in thermal scanners
remote controls
and night vision goggles the human eye
can't see
most of the infrared spectrum about half
of the total energy the sun gives off
is in the form of infrared radiation
which we feel as heat in large amounts
this type of radiation can damaged eyes
and even cause blindness
infrared radiation from the sun is
normally absorbed by the earth's surface
and the clouds then release as heat into
the atmosphere
when the atmosphere has a lot of water
vapor
along with nitrogen sulfur and
fluorocarbons
the infrared radiation gets trapped and
causes the atmospheric temperature to
rise
this is called the greenhouse effect
temperature increases
cause changes in the weather patterns on
earth and
lead to climate change
a microwave oven works because
microwaves
excite the water molecules in food and
cause them to vibrate
generating heat and cooking the food
atoms and molecules can also emit and
absorb
microwave radiation overexposure to
microwave radiation
can cause cataracts and skin burns
am and fm radio broadcast wi-fi signals
cell phones and television use radio
frequency waves
exposure to electromagnetic fields in
this frequency range
can warm up exposed parts of the body
because
these absorb the radio wave and convert
these into heat
the frequency level determines the depth
of penetration into the body
for example using a cell phone causes
the ear
and or head to get warm
lasers aren't a form of non-ionizing
radiation
but they are made from it the word laser
is an acronym for
light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation
lasers stimulate atoms and molecules and
cause them to produce light and
concentrate it
into a beam of radiation lasers can be
made from visible light
ultraviolet and infrared waves
[Music]
store checkout scanners laser pointers
and laser printers all use lasers
when not used properly lasers burn and
cause severe damage to our body
especially in the eye the narrow beam of
light
concentrates the effects on the retina
causing blind spots
ionizing radiation is a type of energy
released by atoms in the form of
electromagnetic waves or particles
ionizing radiation
takes a few forms alpha
beta and neutron particles and gamma and
x-rays
ionizing radiation has many beneficial
applications
including uses in medicine industry
agriculture and research as
the use of ionizing radiation increases
so does the potential for health hazards
if not
properly used or contained
alpha radiation occurs when an atom
undergoes
radioactive decay giving off a particle
called an alpha particle alpha particles
lack the energy to penetrate even the
outer layer of skin
so exposure to the outside of the body
is not a major concern
inside the body however they can be very
harmful
if alpha emitters are inhaled swallowed
or get into the body through a cut the
alpha particles can damage
sensitive living tissue
better radiation takes the form of
either an electron
or a positron a particle with the size
and mass of an electron
but with a positive charge being emitted
from an atom
it can be stopped by a thick piece of
plastic
or even a stack of paper it can
penetrate skin
a few centimeters posing somewhat of an
external health risk
however the main threat is still
primarily from internal emission
from ingested material
gamma radiation unlike alpha or beta
does not consist of any particles
instead it consists of a photon of
energy
being emitted from an unstable nucleus
gamma waves can be stopped by a thick or
dense enough layer of material with high
atomic number materials such as
lead or depleted uranium being the most
effective form of shielding
the extremely high energy of gamma rays
allow
them to penetrate just about anything
they can even pass through bones this
makes gamma rays
very dangerous they can destroy living
cells
produce gene mutations and cause cancer
ironically the deadly effects of gamma
rays
can be used to treat cancer in this type
of treatment
a medical device sends out focused gamma
rays that target cancerous cells
the gamma rays kill the cells and
destroy the cancer
the use of x-rays and radioactive
materials
in science medicine and industry
led to the documentation of radiation
burns
radiation exposure although helpful for
the diagnosis and treatment of disease
might also be harmful and protective
measures were taken to limit
exposure all x-rays are dangerous
because they can damage healthy living
cells of the body
this is the reason why frequent exposure
to x-rays should be avoided
[Music]
x-rays can cause mutations in our dna
and therefore might lead to cancer later
in life
for this reason x-rays are classified as
a carcinogen
by the world health organization while
x-rays are linked to a slightly
increased risk of cancer
there is an extremely low risk of
short-term side effects
however x-rays provide such a low dose
of radiation
that they are not believed to cause any
immediate health problems
[Music]
lastly neutron radiation consists of a
free neutron
usually emitted as a result of
spontaneous or induced nuclear fission
they can however be effectively stopped
if blocked by a hydrogen-rich material
such as
concrete or water
in living tissue neutrons have a
relatively high biological effectiveness
and are roughly 10 times more dangerous
at causing biological damage
compared to gamma or better radiation
of equivalent energy exposure
these neutrons can either cause cells to
change in their functionality
or to completely stop replicating
causing damage to the body
over time neutrons are particularly
damaging to soft tissues
like the cornea of the eye
people are exposed to natural radiation
sources
as well as man-made sources on a daily
basis
some basic information on protective
measures can greatly reduce
radiation exposure and risk for most
people
what can a parent do to reduce the
exposure of electromagnetic radiation
for example children playing with
electronic gadgets
like mobile phones laptops and tablets
are a common sight these days
the guiding principle of radiation
safety is
alara alara stands for
as low as reasonably achievable
this principle means that even if it is
a small dose
if receiving that dose has no direct
benefit
you should try to avoid it to do this
you can use three basic protective
measures in radiation safety
time distance and shielding
[Music]
time simply refers to the amount of time
you spend near a radiation source
minimize your time near a radiation
source
to only what it takes to get the job
done
if you are in an area where radiation
levels are elevated
complete your work as quickly as
possible and then leave the area
there is no reason to spend more time
around it than necessary
imagine spending the day at the beach if
you stay in the sun the entire day
you will likely get sunburned if you are
there for just a short period of time
you are less likely to get sunburned
the amount of time you are there makes a
difference
for toddlers limit screen time by one
hour of educational videos per day
you can reduce your exposure time by
keeping voice calls short
especially when you are not using
hands-free
text instead of calling whenever
possible
distance refers to how close you are to
a radiation
source maximize your distance from a
radiation source as much as you can
this is an easy way to protect yourself
because distance and dose
are inversely related if you increase
your distance
you decrease your dose
imagine you are sitting very close to a
fireplace
you can feel the heat and may even be
uncomfortable
if you go to the other side of the room
you would be more comfortable
as you move away the intensity of the
heat decreases
when talking on your cell phone your
safest bet
is speakerphone mode with your phone a
hand's length away
not quite as good is using a wired
headset
it still emits some radiation but better
than holding the phone to your head
a bluetooth headset is your third choice
it will deliver lower levels of
microwave radiation
than your cell phone but more than the
wired headset
turn your headset off when the phone is
not in use
[Music]
try not to keep your phone turned on
next to your body throughout the day
if you have a wireless router in your
house or apartment
keep it in a little used room and out of
the bedroom
or turn it off all together at night
strive to keep your bedroom as free of
electronic radiation
as possible in addition to routers
turn off cell phones wireless phones
and computers at night unplug electric
devices near the bed
to shield yourself from a radiation
source
you need to put something between you
and the radiation source
the most effective shielding will depend
on what kind of radiation
the source is emitting some
radionuclides emit
more than one kind of radiation
alpha particles can be shielded with
something
as thin as a sheet of paper or our outer
layer of dead skin cells
beta particles can be shielded
effectively
with a few inches of plastic or a layer
of clothing
gamma rays can be shielded effectively
by adding a few inches of lead or other
dense substance between you
and a source of radiation
you may be tempted to use one of the
many radiation shields on the market
but keep in mind that they may hamper
reception
causing your cell phone to churn out
more radiation
as what has been taught previously keep
away electronic devices
in areas where people always stay
especially in the bedroom
in addition to time distance and
shielding
let's include power and limit try to use
your
phone when you have the maximum number
of bars
indicating the best reception when
signal quality is poor your phone emits
more radiation
try not to use your cell phone in
elevators
cars trains or planes
cell phones draw more power and emit
more radiation in enclosed metal spaces
[Music]
connect to the internet with an ethernet
cord
not a wireless router whenever possible
when you are home use a wired landline
remember cordless phones connected to a
landline
can emit radiation much like cell phones
disable your device's wireless
connectivity software
including wi-fi bluetooth nfc
and the like otherwise your device will
continuously send out
electronic handshakes exposing you to
more emfs
or electromagnetic frequencies
lastly use a wired-only printer
as well as wired computer peripherals
like a mouse
and a keyboard alright
here's a quick recap electromagnetic
waves
vary in their wavelengths and
frequencies
higher frequency waves have more energy
of all electromagnetic waves gamma rays
have the shortest wavelengths and
highest frequencies
because of their very high frequencies
gamma rays have more energy than any
other electromagnetic wave
radiation exists all around us
from both natural and man-made sources
and comes into forms ionizing
and non-ionizing radiation
[Music]
non-ionizing radiation is a type of low
energy
radiation that does not have enough
energy
to remove an electron from an atom or
molecule
ionizing radiation is a form of energy
that acts by removing electrons from
atoms and molecules of materials
that include air water and living
tissues
reducing electromagnetic radiation
hazards
follow the alara principle which
includes
time distance and shielding
in addition power and limit
must be applied that's all for now
we will be discussing about images
formed by
plane and curved mirrors and lenses in
our next video
so stay tuned see you on our next video
and don't forget to keep your minds busy
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