AI ngajar Cerpen
Summary
TLDRThis video lesson explains the key elements of a short story (cerpen), a type of prose typically under 10,000 words that can be read in one sitting. It focuses on intrinsic and extrinsic elements that shape a story. The seven intrinsic elements include theme, plot, characters, message, point of view, setting, and language style, while the extrinsic elements cover the author's background, social conditions, and values. The video encourages aspiring writers to read extensively to enrich their vocabulary and become better writers, emphasizing that a good writer is also a good reader.
Takeaways
- 📚 A short story (cerpen) is a concise prose narrative, typically under 10,000 words, meant to be read in one sitting.
- 👤 Short stories usually focus on a limited number of characters, often just one, and highlight a single significant event.
- 🔍 Short stories have intrinsic and extrinsic elements that contribute to their appeal.
- 📖 Intrinsic elements include theme, plot, character, message (moral), point of view, setting, and writing style (summarized as TATAAPELAGA).
- 📝 The theme is the central idea of the story, and understanding it requires analyzing the whole narrative.
- 🧩 The plot consists of different stages: introduction, rising conflict, climax, falling action, and resolution.
- 🎭 Characters can be main or supporting, and their purpose is to convey the message of the story.
- 💡 The message (amanat) is usually implied and reflects lessons that readers can learn.
- 👁️🗨️ Point of view determines the narrator's position, whether as a first-person (using 'I' or 'we') or third-person narrator (using 'he', 'she', 'they').
- 🌍 Extrinsic elements include the author's background, psychological condition, social and cultural influences, and the values held by the author, all of which affect the quality and content of the story.
Q & A
What is the definition of a short story (cerpen) as explained in the script?
-A short story, or cerpen, is a form of short prose that does not exceed 10,000 words. It can typically be read in one sitting, and it focuses on a limited number of characters, often just one.
What are the key elements of a short story?
-The key elements of a short story include intrinsic and extrinsic elements. Intrinsic elements are theme, plot, characters, moral message, point of view, setting, and language style. Extrinsic elements include the author’s background, psychological state, social or cultural context, and the values the author holds.
What is the role of the theme in a short story?
-The theme is the main idea or concept of the story. It helps guide the narrative and ensures that the story stays focused. Understanding the theme requires understanding the story’s content and sometimes relating it to personal experiences or the surrounding environment.
How is the plot of a short story typically structured?
-The plot of a short story usually follows a structure starting with an introduction, followed by the rising of a conflict, reaching the climax, then moving towards resolution, and finally ending with a conclusion.
What types of characters are usually found in a short story?
-There are usually two types of characters in a short story: main characters (central to the story) and supporting characters (who help develop the plot or provide context). The main character is often either a protagonist or an antagonist.
What is the function of the moral message (amanat) in a short story?
-The moral message is the lesson or value the author wants to convey through the story. It is often implied rather than stated directly, allowing the reader to draw their own conclusions.
What are the different types of points of view used in short stories?
-A short story can be told from the first-person point of view, using 'I' or 'we,' where the narrator is part of the story, or from the third-person point of view, using 'he,' 'she,' or 'they,' where the narrator is outside the story.
What is the importance of setting in a short story?
-The setting provides the backdrop for the events in the story, including the time, place, and atmosphere. It helps shape the characters' experiences and can influence the mood of the narrative.
What role does language style play in a short story?
-Language style refers to how the author uses words to tell the story. It includes the choice of words, the use of figurative language, and whether the tone is humorous, poetic, or serious. The right language style makes the story more engaging and helps convey its emotions.
How do extrinsic elements influence a short story?
-Extrinsic elements, such as the author’s background, personal experiences, psychological state, and the cultural or social environment, shape the way the story is written. These factors can affect the story's themes, characters, and settings, making it more relatable or relevant to its readers.
Outlines
📖 Introduction to Short Stories and Their Elements
This paragraph introduces the concept of short stories (cerpen), defining them as short prose that typically doesn’t exceed 10,000 words and can be read in one sitting. It focuses on the limited scope of characters and events in a short story, typically revolving around a single key event or impression. The paragraph also highlights the two primary types of story elements: intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic elements are the ones that structure the story from within, influencing its quality. These include theme, plot, characters, message, point of view, setting, and language style, summarized by the acronym ‘tataapelaga’. A strong understanding of these elements helps create an engaging story.
📝 The Importance of Extrinsic Elements in Storytelling
This paragraph delves into the extrinsic elements that shape a short story, which are factors external to the story itself but significantly influence its content. These include the author's background, such as family, education, and psychological state, all of which affect the quality of writing. Cultural and social contexts, as well as the values the author holds (like moral, religious, and traditional values), also play a crucial role in shaping a story. The paragraph concludes with advice to aspiring writers: to become a great writer, one must first be an avid reader. Rich vocabulary and varied language use come from extensive reading.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Cerpen
💡Unsur Intrinsik
💡Unsur Ekstrinsik
💡Tema
💡Alur
💡Tokoh
💡Amanat
💡Sudut Pandang
💡Latar
💡Gaya Bahasa
Highlights
Cerpen is a short prose that does not exceed 10,000 words and can typically be read in one sitting.
The main character in cerpen is usually limited to one and the story revolves around a single significant or memorable event.
Cerpen focuses on intrinsic elements like theme, plot, character, message, point of view, setting, and style, collectively known as 'TATAAPELAGA'.
Theme is the main idea or thought in the story and understanding it requires grasping the entire narrative.
Plot in cerpen follows stages: introduction, rising conflict, climax, falling action, and resolution.
Characters in cerpen are divided into main and supporting characters, where the main character is central to the story’s message.
Message or moral in cerpen is implied and encourages readers to reflect, without being overtly preachy.
Point of view in cerpen can be first person, using 'I' or 'we', or third person, using 'he', 'she', or 'they'.
Setting refers to the time, place, and atmosphere where the events take place, adding depth to the story.
Style refers to the author’s way of telling the story, which may include humor, poetic, or even the use of regional languages.
Extrinsic elements like the author’s background, psychology, social, and cultural contexts also affect the quality of a cerpen.
The social and cultural environment during the time the story is written influences its relevance and impact.
Values such as religion, morals, and customs held by the author are often reflected in their stories.
An important message: A good writer is a good reader. Reading widely enriches vocabulary and writing quality.
The encouragement to not give up on writing and continuously read more to improve storytelling skills.
Transcripts
Hai selamat datang di saluran pak guru
Gogo hari ini kita akan belajar tentang
cerpen cerpen merupakan prosa pendek
yang tidak melebihi 10.000 kata cerpen
biasanya habis dibaca dalam sekali duduk
tokoh yang diceritakan dalam cerpen
sangat terbatas biasanya hanya satu
tokoh saja cerpen hanya menceritakan
satu peristiwa penting atau berkesan
yang dialami tokoh Oleh karena itu
biasanya dalam cerpen tidak diceritakan
perubahan nasib yang di
tokoh di dalam cerpen terdapat
unsur-unsur yang membuat cerpen menjadi
menarik atau tidak unsur-unsur Itu
adalah unsur intrinsik dan unsur
ekstrinsik unsur intrinsik merupakan
unsur yang membangun cerpen dari dalam
cerpen itu sendiri artinya cerpen akan
menjadi menarik atau tidak bergantung
dari unsur-unsur intrinsik ini
unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen ada tujuh
yaitu tema alur tokoh amanat point of
view atau sudut pandang latar atau
setting dan gaya bahasa atau bisa kita
singkat dengan tataapelaga tema alur
tokoh amanat point of view latar dan
gaya bahasa Tema merupakan unsur utama
dalam cerita tema adalah ide atau
gagasan dari cerita agar dapat memahami
Tema kita harus memahami keseluruhan isi
cerita terlebih dahulu bahkan kalau
perlu kita bisa menghubungkan isi cerita
dengan kondisi kita sendiri atau
lingkungan di sekitar kita Jika kita
ingin menulis cerita maka yang perlu
kita lakukan adalah menentukan tema
terlebih dahulu agar cerita yang kita
buat tidak melebar ke mana-mana yang
kedua adalah alur alur merupakan jalan
cerita penggunaan alur yang menarik akan
membuat cerita yang kita buat menjadi
hidup dan asik tahapan alur cerpen
dimulai dari pengenalan lalu muncul
masalah atau konflik kemudian masalah
semakin tinggi atau disebut
klimaks setelah itu permasalahan mulai
menurun dengan ditemukannya soli
terakhir dari tahapan Alur adalah
penyelesaian artinya cerita berakhir
unsur yang ketig tokoh tokoh merupak
karakter yang diptakan pengarang untuk
membawa pesan berdasarkan kemunculannya
tokoh dibag menjadi tokoh utama dan
tokoh sampingan tokoh utama Merak tokoh
yang menjadi pusat cer tokoh utama
bianya ser Mul atau ser
disara tok sampingan Mer
eng Wat at si
diagis
yangersud antagonis yanga si Jah
at
daneteng
atendendend merupakan pesan yang ingin
disampaikan pengarang melalui cerita
pesan yang dimaksud adalah pesan baik
yang bisa diambil pembaca sebagai hikmah
atau
pembelajaran amanat biasanya tersirat
atau
tersembunyi artinya pengarang tidak
sertamerta memberikan amanat itu secara
gblang melalui tulisan di dalam cerita
hal ini dilakan agar pembaca tidak
merasa dinashatileh
pengarang untuk memahami amanat kita
perlu memahami isi cerita dan
menghubungkannya dengan kondisi diri
kita atau lingkungan kita unsur
berikutnya adalah point of view atau
sudut pandang sudut pandang adalah
posisi pengarang di dalam cerita
pengarang bisa berada di dalam cerita
atau disebut sudut pandang orang pertama
pengarang juga bisa berada di luar
cerita atau disebut sudut pandang orang
ketiga sudut pandang orang pertama
biasanya menggunakan kata ganti Aku Atau
saya jika pengarang berada di dalam
cerita dan sebagai tokoh utama sudut
pandang orang pertama juga bisa
menggunakan kata ganti kami atau kita
jika pengarang ada di dalam cerita
tetapi bukan sebagai tokoh utama
sementara itu sudut pandang orang ketiga
biasanya ditandai dengan penggunaan kata
ganti dia ia mereka atau nama orang
unsur selanjutnya adalah latar atau
setting latar atau setting merupakan
tempat waktu atau suasana yang melatari
peristiwa yang dialami tokoh unsur
terakhir adalah gaya bahasa gaya bahasa
merupakan cara pengarang dalam
menyampaikan cerita
ada yang menggunakan gaya humor puitis
sinis ataupun menggunakan bahasa dengan
sisipan bahasa daerah dan asing yang
pasti dalam cerpen gunakanlah pilihan
kata atau diksi yang menarik agar
pembaca tidak hanya memahami cerita
tetapi juga turut merasakan suasana yang
ingin dibangun dalam cerita cara yang
paling mudah adalah menggunakan majas
silakan pelajari kembali macam-macam
majas dan
penggunaannya selain unsur intrinsik
menarik atau tidak suatu cerpen juga
dipengaruhi unsur
ekstrinsiknya unsur ekstrinsik merupakan
unsur yang membangun cerita dari luar
cerita itu sendiri unsur ekstrinsik itu
diantaranya sat latar belakang pengarang
latar belakang keluarga dan pendidikan
akan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas
cerita yang dibuat du kondisi psikologis
pengarang suasana hati pengarang saat
membuat cer tentu akan berpengaruh
terhadap kuitas
tulisannya latarakang sosial atau budaya
kondisi sosial atau budaya saat cerita
itu dibuat turut mempengaruhi cerita
yang dibuat menjadi menarik atau tidak
empat nilai-nilai yang dianut pengarang
nilai-nilai seperti nilai agama moral
dan adat istiadat tentu akan dibawa
pengarang di dalam
tulisannya unsur intrinsik dan
ekstrinsik sama-sama berpengaruh besar
terhadap kualitas tulisan yang pasti
Ingatlah kata-kata ini penulis yang baik
adalah pembaca yang baik jika ingin
menjadi penulis yang baik maka
banyak-banyaklah membaca agar kosakata
yang kalian ketahui semakin kaya dan
bervariasi semangat dan jangan pernah
berputus asa
jayo biji durian biji selasih Cukup
Sekian dan terima kasih
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