Origen de la Democracia: ¿Qué es y de dónde viene?
Summary
TLDRThis video script explores the concept of democracy, tracing its origins from ancient Greece and Athens' development of a government system that lasted 200 years. It highlights the key institutions of Athenian democracy: the Council of 500, the Assembly, and the People's Courts. The script contrasts Athenian democracy with Rome's republic, noting Rome's Senate held more power. It also discusses the evolution to representative democracy in the 18th century as cities grew, making direct participation challenging.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Democracy is a system of government where power lies in the hands of the people.
- 🏛️ The term 'democracy' originates from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people and 'kratos' meaning power.
- 📚 Ancient Athens is a notable birthplace of democracy, with its development around 500 years before the common era.
- 🏛️ In Athens, democracy was practiced through institutions such as the Council of 500, the Assembly, and the People's Courts.
- 🗳️ Athenian democracy was not inclusive of all adults; only adult male citizens and non-slaves could participate.
- 🗣️ The Assembly in Athens allowed citizens to discuss and vote on matters affecting their private and public lives.
- 🏛️ Rome also had a form of popular government, but it was called a republic, not democracy.
- 🌐 The Roman Republic had an Assembly where citizens could participate and vote, but the Senate held more power.
- 🌐 As Rome expanded into an Empire, it included Greece but did not change its system of direct participation in the Assembly.
- 🏙️ The challenge of direct participation in large cities led to the formation of alliances or confederations as a solution.
- 🗓️ The development of representative democracy in 18th century Northern Europe marked a significant shift in democratic theory.
Q & A
What does the word 'democracy' etymologically mean?
-The word 'democracy' comes from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people, and 'kratos' meaning power, thus it can be defined as power in the hands of the people or government by the people.
Where does the concept of democracy originate?
-The concept of democracy has its roots in ancient Greece, notably in Athens, around 500 years before the common era.
How did the ancient Athenians practice democracy?
-Ancient Athenians practiced democracy through institutions such as the Council of 500, the Assembly where citizens voted, and the People's Courts. Only adult male citizens and non-slaves could participate.
What was the role of the Assembly in Athenian democracy?
-The Assembly in Athenian democracy was a place where citizens could discuss and vote on various public and private matters, such as economic, religious, or war affairs, by raising their hands.
Who was Pericles and what was his contribution to Athenian democracy?
-Pericles was a notable statesman in Athens who established a political regime where laws were not emulated from other peoples and decisions were not imposed by a few but voted on freely and voluntarily by the majority.
How did Rome practice a form of popular government before becoming an empire?
-Before becoming an empire, Rome practiced a form of popular government through a system where citizens could participate and vote in assemblies, but unlike Athens, the Senate always held more power than the assembly.
What was the term used by the Romans for their form of government before it was an empire?
-The Romans did not call their form of government 'democracy' but 'republic', which can be translated to 'res publica' or 'public thing'.
How did the expansion of Rome affect the practice of direct democracy?
-As Rome expanded and became an empire, it included Greece in its conquests but did not change its system of direct participation in the assembly. However, it became difficult for those living far from the cities to participate.
What was the solution to the problem of citizens' participation as cities grew in size?
-As cities grew, some formed alliances or confederations with other city-states or political associations to address the problem of citizen participation. However, this issue was not truly resolved until the development of a representative system.
When and where did the representative system of democracy emerge?
-The representative system of democracy emerged in Northern Europe in the 18th century, marking a significant shift in democratic theory.
What is the difference between direct democracy and representative democracy?
-Direct democracy involves citizens participating and voting directly on issues, as seen in ancient Athens and Rome. Representative democracy, which developed later, involves citizens electing representatives who make decisions on their behalf.
Outlines
🏛️ Origins and Evolution of Democracy
The paragraph delves into the concept of democracy, starting with its etymology from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people and 'kratos' meaning power, suggesting it as 'power of the people' or 'popular government'. It traces its origins back to ancient Greece, particularly Athens, around 500 years before the common era. However, it notes that democracy didn't have a precise starting point but likely emerged naturally in ancient tribal societies. The paragraph describes the Athenian model of democracy with its three main institutions: the Council of 500, the Assembly, and the People's Courts. It emphasizes that only adult male citizens and non-slaves could participate in these democratic processes. The script also mentions the Roman Republic as another example of early popular government, contrasting it with Athenian democracy by highlighting the persistent dominance of the Senate over the Assembly. It concludes by discussing the challenges of direct participation in large cities and the eventual development of representative democracy in 18th-century Europe.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Democracy
💡Etymology
💡Athens
💡Cleisthenes
💡City-state
💡Assembly
💡Pericles
💡Rome
💡Senate
💡Representative Democracy
💡Confederation
Highlights
Democracy is a desirable system of government where power is in the hands of the people.
The word 'democracy' comes from the Greek words 'demos' meaning people and 'kratos' meaning power.
Democracy's origins trace back to ancient Greece, notably in Athens, around 500 years before the common era.
Democracy likely emerged naturally in ancient human tribes as a decision-making system.
In Athens, under the leadership of Cleisthenes, a complex system of democracy began to develop.
The 'polis' or city-state was the unit of democracy in ancient Greece.
Athens established three main institutions: the Council of 500, the Assembly, and the People's Courts.
The Assembly was where citizens could participate in decision-making through open discussions and voting.
Only adult male citizens and non-slaves could participate in the Athenian democracy.
The Assembly allowed citizens to be heard and express their thoughts freely on public and private matters.
Pericles established a political regime where laws were not emulated from others and decisions were made by the majority.
In Rome, before becoming an empire, a form of popular government was introduced, known as a republic.
The Roman Senate always held more power than the Assembly of citizens.
As Rome expanded, it included Greece in its conquests but did not change its direct participation system in the Assembly.
Direct democracy in assemblies became difficult as cities grew, leading to the formation of alliances or confederations.
The representative system emerged in Northern Europe in the 18th century as a solution to the challenges of direct participation.
Representative democracy marked a significant shift in democratic theory.
Transcripts
muchos hemos escuchado la palabra
democracia para describir el sistema de
gobierno de un país normalmente
escuchamos que es deseable tener un
sistema democrático pero que es la
democracia
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y podemos empezar a entender la
democracia mirando la etimología de la
palabra vemos viene del griego pueblo y
kratos poder entonces podemos definirla
como el poder en manos del pueblo o el
gobierno popular su origen se remonta
quinientos años antes de la era común en
grecia notablemente en atenas aunque es
intuitivo asumir que la democracia se
creó en un momento determinado no es
posible ponerle un punto de inicio
exacto en un sentido amplio
considerándolo sólo como un sistema de
toma de decisiones donde prima lo que
opinan la mayoría probablemente surgió
naturalmente hace miles de años por
ejemplo en las antiguas tribus humanas
de cazadores-recolectores aunque este
sistema de toma de decisiones no se
mantuvo necesariamente cuando los
humanos empezaron a sentarse en
comunidades fijas principalmente al
surgir la agricultura y el intercambio
las condiciones para la democracia
eventualmente volvieron a ser favorables
500 años antes de la era
un surgió en grecia clásica una noción
más compleja de democracia grecia era
una colección de varias ciudades estados
independientes recordemos que hasta ese
momento no existían naciones como las
conocemos bajo el liderazgo de clístenes
atenas empezó a desarrollar un sistema
de gobierno que duraría 200 años para
los griegos la unidad bajo la cual se
aplicó la democracia fue la polis o la
ciudad-estado comenzando en atenas así
establecieron tres instituciones
principales el consejo de 500 que
representaba el gobierno a tiempo
completo en atenas y cambiaba cada año
la asamblea donde los ciudadanos acudían
a votar y las cortes populares el demos
o el pueblo sobre el que recaía el poder
no era la población adulta completa como
pensaríamos hoy en día son los
ciudadanos adultos hombres y los no
esclavos podían participar de las
asambleas donde se tomaban las
decisiones a mano alzada en la asamblea
los ciudadanos podían discutir
sobre distintas materias que afectaban
sus vidas tanto privadas como públicas
como asuntos económicos religiosos o de
guerra así la asamblea daba regularmente
oportunidad a los ciudadanos de atenas
para ser escuchados y expresar lo que
pensaban libremente siguiendo las
palabras de pericles notables hombre de
estado en atenas se estableció un
régimen político en el que no se
emulaban las leyes de otros pueblos ni
las decisiones eran impuestas por unos
pocos sino que eran votadas por la
mayoría de forma libre y voluntaria por
otro lado también en europa otro
gobierno popular fue introducido en la
ciudad de roma antes de convertirse en
un imperio sin embargo los romanos no lo
llamaban democracia sino república que
etimológicamente se puede traducir a
cosa pública la asamblea en la que se
tomaban decisiones se llevaba a cabo en
la ciudad de roma donde los ciudadanos
romanos podían participar y votar
pero a diferencia de atenas la figura
del senado siempre se mantuvo por encima
de la de la asamblea finalmente conforme
roma se convirtió en un imperio y se fue
expandiendo de hecho terminó incluyendo
a grecia en sus conquistas y no cambió
su sistema de participación directa en
la asamblea los que vivían lejos de las
ciudades no solían participar como
podemos ver ambas alternativas de
democracia se daban de manera directa en
las asambleas los ciudadanos acudían y
participaban presencialmente sin embargo
conforme las ciudades fueron creciendo
se fue haciendo más difícil que las
personas participaran algunas ciudades
respondieron a este dilema formando
alianzas o confederaciones con otras
ciudades estados u otras asociaciones
políticas sin embargo este problema no
fue realmente el resuelto hasta el
desarrollo de un sistema representativo
que apareció en el norte de europa en el
siglo 18
qué es una democracia representativa que
implicó este importante giro en la
teoría de la democracia entérate de más
en un siguiente vídeo suscribiéndote a
nuestro canal de youtube
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