Kesetimbangan Kimia • Part 3: Tetapan Kesetimbangan Pada Reaksi Berkaitan / Hukum Hess

Jendela Sains
17 Nov 202013:07

Summary

TLDRThis video script is a chemistry lesson focusing on chemical equilibrium, specifically discussing how to calculate equilibrium constants (Kc). It covers the reversal of reaction equations, the effect of multiplying reaction coefficients on Kc values, and combining multiple equilibrium reactions. The lesson uses examples to illustrate how to manipulate equations to find the desired Kc, applying principles similar to Hess's Law. The instructor also encourages viewers to check their work for accuracy.

Takeaways

  • 🔄 When a chemical equilibrium reaction equation is reversed, the equilibrium constant expression is also reversed.
  • 🔢 If the initial equilibrium constant is given, reversing the reaction changes its value accordingly, such as from 20 to 1/20.
  • 📉 Reversing a reaction changes the positions of reactants and products, which in turn affects the equilibrium constant expression.
  • 🔄 The script uses the example of NH3 gas in equilibrium with N2 and H2 gases to illustrate the concept of reversing reactions.
  • 📈 Multiplying the equilibrium constant by a number 'n' raises the equilibrium constant to the power of 'n', reflecting changes in reaction coefficients.
  • 🔢 For instance, if the reaction coefficient is multiplied by 2, the equilibrium constant is squared.
  • 🧪 The script explains that when multiple equilibrium reaction equations are combined, the resulting equilibrium constant is the product of the individual constants.
  • 📐 It uses the example of combining reactions involving O2 and N2O gases to demonstrate this principle.
  • 🔍 The script emphasizes the importance of understanding how to manipulate equilibrium constants when reactions are reversed or combined, similar to Hess's Law.
  • 📝 It provides a step-by-step guide on how to calculate the equilibrium constant for a desired reaction using known reactions and their constants.
  • 🔎 The process involves reversing and combining known reactions to match the target reaction, then calculating the new equilibrium constant based on the changes.

Q & A

  • What is the relationship between the equilibrium constant and the reaction equation if the reaction is reversed?

    -If the reaction equation is reversed, the equilibrium constant (K) is also reversed. For example, if the initial K is 20, then when the reaction is reversed, the new K becomes 1/20.

  • How does the equilibrium constant change if the reaction equation is multiplied by a certain number?

    -If the reaction equation is multiplied by a certain number (n), the equilibrium constant is raised to the power of that number. For instance, if the original K is 1.9 * 10^4 and the reaction is multiplied by 2, the new K becomes (1.9 * 10^4)^2.

  • What happens to the equilibrium constant when multiple reaction equations are added together?

    -When multiple reaction equations are added, the equilibrium constant is the product of the equilibrium constants of the individual reactions. For example, if two reactions have equilibrium constants K1 and K2, the combined reaction's equilibrium constant is K1 * K2.

  • Can you provide an example of how to calculate the equilibrium constant for a reaction where NH3 gas is in equilibrium with N2 and H2 gases?

    -Sure. If NH3 gas is in equilibrium with 1/2 N2 gas and 3/2 H2 gas, the equilibrium constant (K) is calculated based on the concentrations of the products and reactants raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.

  • What is the significance of the equilibrium constant in understanding chemical reactions?

    -The equilibrium constant (K) is significant because it provides a quantitative measure of the extent to which a reaction proceeds at equilibrium. It helps predict whether a reaction will favor the products or reactants under given conditions.

  • How does the equilibrium constant change if the stoichiometric coefficients in the reaction equation are altered?

    -If the stoichiometric coefficients in the reaction equation are altered, the equilibrium constant will change accordingly. For example, if a coefficient is doubled, the equilibrium constant will be raised to the power of two.

  • What is the principle behind combining multiple equilibrium reactions to find the equilibrium constant for a new reaction?

    -The principle behind combining multiple equilibrium reactions is based on Hess's Law, which states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same, whether the reaction is carried out in one step or several steps.

  • Can you explain the process of finding the equilibrium constant for a reaction involving N2O4 gas in equilibrium with NO2 gas?

    -To find the equilibrium constant for the reaction involving N2O4 gas in equilibrium with NO2 gas, you would need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction and the equilibrium constants of related reactions, then apply Hess's Law to combine them appropriately.

  • What is the role of the equilibrium constant in determining the direction a reaction will proceed?

    -A large equilibrium constant indicates that the reaction favors the formation of products, while a small equilibrium constant suggests that the reaction favors the reactants. The equilibrium constant helps determine the direction a reaction will proceed spontaneously.

  • How can you determine if a calculated equilibrium constant is reasonable based on the given data?

    -To determine if a calculated equilibrium constant is reasonable, you should compare it with the equilibrium constants of related reactions and check if the reaction's direction and the stoichiometry align with the expected chemical behavior.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Understanding Chemical Equilibrium

This paragraph discusses the concept of chemical equilibrium, specifically focusing on how to manipulate equilibrium expressions and the implications for equilibrium constants (Kc). It explains that reversing a reaction equation also reverses the equilibrium constant, and provides an example with NH3 gas. The paragraph also covers how multiplying the equilibrium expression by a constant affects the equilibrium constant, using the reaction of N2 Gas and H2 Gas to form NH3 as an example. It further explains that when summing multiple equilibrium reactions, the equilibrium constant is the product of the constants of the individual reactions, using a hypothetical reaction involving O2 and N2O gases.

05:00

🧪 Calculating Equilibrium Constants

The second paragraph delves into the process of calculating equilibrium constants (Kc) for given reactions at a specific temperature. It uses the example of NO2 gas reacting with N2O4 gas and explains how to adjust the reaction equations based on known equilibrium constants (a and B). The paragraph walks through the steps of reversing and adjusting coefficients of reactants and products to align with the target reaction, emphasizing the importance of maintaining stoichiometric ratios and applying Hess's Law principles.

10:02

📚 Advanced Equilibrium Calculations

The final paragraph presents a more complex scenario involving multiple known reactions and the task of determining the equilibrium constant for a specific reaction. It outlines a step-by-step approach to manipulate and combine the given reactions to isolate the desired reaction. The process involves reversing reactions, adjusting coefficients, and summing or canceling out common species on both sides of the reaction equations. The paragraph concludes with the calculation of the equilibrium constant for the target reaction, emphasizing the need for precision and the application of chemical equilibrium principles.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium refers to the state in a reversible chemical reaction where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products. In the video, chemical equilibrium is the central theme, as it discusses how to calculate equilibrium constants and how they change under different conditions.

💡Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

The equilibrium constant (Kc) is a measure of the extent to which a reversible reaction proceeds at equilibrium. It is the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants each raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. The video script mentions Kc multiple times, explaining how to manipulate and calculate it for different reactions.

💡Reversible Reaction

A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions. The video script discusses reversible reactions in the context of chemical equilibrium, explaining how the equilibrium constant is affected when the direction of the reaction is reversed.

💡Stoichiometric Coefficients

Stoichiometric coefficients are the numbers that indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation. The video explains how these coefficients affect the equilibrium constant, particularly when reactions are multiplied or reversed.

💡Balanced Equation

A balanced equation is a chemical equation in which the number of atoms for each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides. The video script uses balanced equations to illustrate how to calculate the equilibrium constant and how to manipulate equations to find new constants.

💡Concentration

Concentration in chemistry refers to the amount of a substance present in a given volume. In the context of the video, concentration is crucial for calculating Kc, as it is used in the formula to determine the equilibrium constant for a reaction.

💡Reversing a Reaction

Reversing a reaction means considering the reaction in the opposite direction. The video script explains that when a reaction is reversed, the equilibrium constant is also reversed, which is a key concept in understanding how Kc values change.

💡Multiplying Reactions

Multiplying reactions involves scaling up the stoichiometry of a chemical equation by multiplying the coefficients by a certain factor. The video script uses this concept to demonstrate how to combine equilibrium constants from different reactions to find the constant for a new reaction.

💡Summing Reactions

Summing reactions is the process of adding two or more chemical equations together to find an overall reaction. The video script explains how to sum reactions while considering the equilibrium constants, which is essential for determining the net reaction's equilibrium constant.

💡Hess's Law

Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the same, whether the reaction is carried out in one step or several steps. The video script refers to Hess's Law when discussing how to sum or multiply reactions to find the equilibrium constant for a desired reaction.

💡Logarithm

A logarithm is the power to which a number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number. In the context of the video, logarithms are used in the context of calculating the equilibrium constant, particularly when dealing with very large or small values.

Highlights

Explanation of chemical equilibrium and its relationship with reaction equations.

If the reaction equation is reversed, the equilibrium constant is also reversed.

Example given: NH3 gas in equilibrium with N2 and H2 gas.

Explanation of how to reverse a reaction and its effect on the equilibrium constant.

Calculation of the equilibrium constant when the reaction is reversed.

Impact of multiplying the reaction coefficient on the equilibrium constant.

Example calculation involving N2 Gas and NH3 gas.

Explanation of how to adjust the equilibrium constant when reaction coefficients are multiplied.

Demonstration of how to combine equilibrium constants when multiple reaction equations are added.

Example involving the cancellation of O2 in a reaction to simplify the equation.

Illustration of how to apply Hess's Law to combine reaction equations.

Explanation of how to adjust the equilibrium constant when reactions are combined.

Example problem involving the calculation of the equilibrium constant for a given reaction.

Detailed step-by-step process for solving equilibrium constant problems.

Explanation of how to handle complex reactions with multiple reactants and products.

Example of calculating the equilibrium constant for a complex reaction involving multiple known reactions.

Final calculation of the equilibrium constant for the complex reaction.

Encouragement for viewers to ask questions, give feedback, or share criticisms in the comments.

Invitation to watch more videos on the channel for a deeper understanding of the topic.

Transcripts

play00:00

Hai semua selamat datang di channel

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jendela sains channelnya buat kalian

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yang ingin memahami pelajaran matematika

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fisika dan kimia SMA di video ini kita

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akan membahas kesetimbangan kimia part

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yang ketiga yaitu tetapan kesetimbangan

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pada reaksi yang berkaitan simak terus

play00:22

video ini sampai akhir tetapan

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kesetimbangan pada reaksi yang berkaitan

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nah yang pertama seperti ini jika

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persamaan reaksi kesetimbangan dibalik

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maka nilai tetapan kesetimbangan juga

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dibalik X menjadi seperti X Jadi kalau

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misalkan yang awal gajinya 20 gitu ya

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berarti kalau misalkan reaksinya dibalik

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ketika mereka jadi produk dan produk

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jadi reaktan maka kakinya menjadi

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seperdua puluh Contohnya seperti ini

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disini NH3 gas mengalami keseimbangan

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dengan setengah N2 gas dan 3/2 H2 gas

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kakinya sekian kalau reaksi dibalik atau

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artinya ruaskan

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di ruas kiri ruas kiri jadi ruas kanan

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maka gajinya juga dibalik ngerti ya

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karena logikanya kan kalau raksasa

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produk dibalik posisi antara whatscan

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dan ruas kiri dibalik sehingga kacanya

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juga dibalik menjadi sepertinya Oke jadi

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kalau tadi yang reaksi pertama kalinya

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5,2 kali semua penerima maka direksi

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yang kedua ini hanya seperlima koma dua

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kali semut ini Mas atau kalau dihitung

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hasilnya adalah 1,9 * 10 4 oke yang

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kedua jika koefisien reaksi

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kesetimbangan dikalikan dengan n maka

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nilai tetapan kesetimbangan dipangkatkan

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dengan Ed contoh disini secara N2 Gas +

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3422 Gas mengalami keseimbangan dengan

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NH3 gas kacanya sekian 1,9 kali 10

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pangkat 4 terus setiap koefisien reaksi

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ini dikalikan dua yang tadinya setengah

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jadi satu yang tadinya digeber dua jadi

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tiga yang tadinya satu jadi dua kalau

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semuanya dikalikan 2 berarti kita pakai

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love

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Hai koefisien dalam tetapan

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kesetimbangannya jadi ^ biarkan hasil

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kali konsentrasi seimbang masing-masing

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dipangkatkan koefisiennya Jadi kalau

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koefisiennya dikali 2 berarti pangkatnya

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dikali 2 semua artinya kacanya

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dikuadratkan kau digali gaya

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dipangkatkan tiga dibagi dua ya berarti

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dipangkatkan setengah atau di akar ya

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Jadi kalau disini dikalikan 2 maka

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gajinya dipakai Pandu atau dikuadratkan

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1,9 kali semua tempat dikuadratkan

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hasilnya 3,6 kali 10 pangkat 8 Oke

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berikutnya Jika beberapa persamaan

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reaksi kesetimbangan dijumlahkan maka

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nilai tetapan kesetimbangan adalah hasil

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kali dari tetapan kesetimbangan reaksi

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reaksi penyusunnya Contohnya seperti ini

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di sini ada dua reaksi-reaksi yang

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pertama yang 2 + O2 mengalami

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keseimbangan dengan 20 kacanya Sekian

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dan reaksi yang ke-22 n2o mengalami

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keseimbangan dengan dua N2 dan O2

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kakinya sekian Nah kalau kalian lihat

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kau

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Udah tadi kan kita bisa coret-coret yang

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sama ya di sini O2 ada di ruas kiri sama

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ruas kanan berarti bisa dicoret Lalu ada

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lagi ini N2 yang disini dua M2 berarti

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tinggal satu ya kita coret 2-nya Jaya

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jadi tinggal N2 gini aja sehingga kalau

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dijumlahkan menjadi 2 n2o gas mengalami

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kesetimbangan dengan dua Enno gas + N2

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gas kacanya dikali Inget ya bukan

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dijumlah tapi di kali Oke ini mungkin

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mengingatkan kalian pada hukum Hess Ya

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tapi kalau gue dulu Delta hanya akan

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dijumlah kalau ada beberapa reaksi ya

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kalau ini kacau di kali bukan dijumlah

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Kenapa kok di kali saya kasih ilustrasi

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misalkan gini kita pakai yang

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gampang-gampang aja ya misalkan reaksi

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pertama itu Amang alami keseimbangan

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dengan b&k c-nya misalkan P reaksi kedua

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ini B mengalami keseimbangan dengan C

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racenya ki terus kedua reaksi ini jumlah

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tambahin ikan maka

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lebih dicoret nih berarti tinggal Amang

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alami kesetimbangan dengan C nah kaca

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gimana kita pakai logika misalkan KC

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pada reaksi yang pertama atau yang

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sebesar Benny inikan berikan

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konsentrasinya B dipangkatkan

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koefisiennya misalkan satu semua ya Jadi

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tinggal konsentrasinya G dibagi

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konsentrasinya a gini kan nah sekarang

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di ataukah j-rocks yang kedua ini kan

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konsentrasinya C dibagi konsentrasinya

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by nah terus kalau misalkan a ke c jika

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digali p * q p * q itu kan konsentrasi B

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per konsentrasi a dikali konsentrasi c

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terkonsentrasi b proses terciptanya bisa

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dicoret berarti tinggal konsentrasi J

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berkosentrasi ah konsentrasi ceper

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konsentrasi ini berarti kan kacanya

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reaksi ini pergi masuk akal Ya kalau

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misalkan ada beberapa reaksi

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kesetimbangan diketahui kacanya kalau

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dijumlah maka jatuh dikali alasannya

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seperti ini

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Ayo kita langsung ke contoh soal

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Diketahui data tetapan kesetimbangan

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pada suhu tertentu untuk beberapa reaksi

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berikut yang pertama di sini ada nugas +

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setengah O2 gas mengalami keseimbangan

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dengan no2 gas gajinya sebesar a-kembar

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dengan reaksi kedua 2 no2 gas mengalami

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keseimbangan dengan n2o 4 gas gajinya

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sebesar B tentukan nilai KC untuk reaksi

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n2o 4 gas mengalami kesetimbangan dengan

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dua Enno gas + O2 gas pada suhu tersebut

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dalam adande Oke jadi prinsipnya cara

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mengerjakan soal ini adalah seperti pada

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hukum Hess jadi ini kan ada dua reaksi

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yang diketahui kacanya ada lama dan b ya

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kemudian kita disuruh mencari KC untuk

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reaksi tertentu ini Oke makan kita susun

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dua reaksi Ini kalau misalkan dijumlah

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nanti biar hasilnya menjadi ini Oke

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misalkan ini saya kasih kode ini reaksi

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pertama yakni reaksi kedua oke nah

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sebagaimana persis seperti hukum Hess

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kita lihat disini disini yang ruas kiri

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kan n2o 4G di sini Reaksi 1-2 apakah ada

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yang mengandung M2 obat ada di reaksi

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dua ya ada e24 tapi ini dipuaskan e24

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yang kita minta di ruas kiri sehingga

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apa yang harus dilakukan kita Bale

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koefisiennya benar satu jadi nggak usah

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dikali atau dibagi cuma Dibalik aja Oke

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jadi disini reaksi dua kita balik ya

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berarti jadi n2o 4G mengalami

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keseimbangan dengan 2 no2 G nasihat tadi

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kalau misalkan reaksi dibalik maka c-nya

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di super berarti kacanya adalah kalau

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tadi B Berarti sekarang jadi seperti ini

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ya kemudian kita kejar selanjutnya

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disini dua anu ya diruas kanan dua Enno

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dirinya dengan no ini NU no1

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koefisiennya tapi di ruas kiri Berarti

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selain kita balik Kita juga harus kali

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dua kan maunya 2 Disini

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cukup di kanan ini masih satu Enno

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dikirim berarti reaksi ini kita balik

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dan kita kali dua berarti akan menjadi 2

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no2 G ya mengalami keseimbangan dengan

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dua NU glx6 dikali 2 berarti satu ya

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jadi o2j G nah tadinya gimana tadi kan

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dibalik itu diperhatikan Gowa jadi

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segera tapi di sini selain dibalik juga

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dikali 2 kalau dikali 2 berarti gajinya

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dipangkatkan 2 party 1/2 itu

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dipangkatkan 2 lagi berarti jadi server

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a kuadrat Griya lalu kedua reaksi ini

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kita jumlahkan ini ya jadi di sini yang

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sama bisa kita coret jadi 2 no2 dan 2

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no2 oke Sudah ya jadi di ruas kiri

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adalah n2o 4G mengalami keseimbangan

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diruas kanan dua Enno

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Hai kalau reaksi dijumlah maka c-nya

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dikali berarti kacanya sama dengan

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seperti dikali seperak kuadrat atau

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kalau kita hitung hasilnya KC = seperti

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a kuadrat B Oke jadi disini dicek lagi

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ya reaksinya sama Hendro 4G mengalami

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kesetimbangan 2 Enno gas + O2 gas Sudah

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sama ya sudah sama persis kalo ada yang

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gak sabar di ada sesuatu yang salah bisa

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salah waktu kalian membaik balik atau

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dikali 2 atau waktunya retired bisa juga

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ada kemungkinan juga soalnya yang salah

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gede pokoknya setelah sejumlah ini

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reaksinya harus Sama persis dengan

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reaksi yang diinginkan atau yang

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ditanyakan gajinya di soal Oke kita

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dapatkan gajinya sebesar seper aquadrat

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by berikutnya kita ke reaksi yang lebih

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kompleks lagi ya Diketahui data tetapan

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kesetimbangan pada suhu tertentu untuk

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beberapa reaksi berikut seperti ini jadi

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ada 4 reaksi yang diketahui

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Hai masing-masing kakinya terus kita

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disuruh menentukan nilai KC untuk reaksi

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ini pada suhu tersebut Oke sama seperti

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yang tadi kita kasih nama dulu ya jadi

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disini bisa kali ini pertama 12 Ini tiga

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ini empat Oke kita mulai dari xzxy

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disini berada di ruas kiri koefisiennya

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satu kita lihat dari reaksi nomor

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1234566 ada yah reaksi satu jadi reaksi

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satu disini XD tapi di kanan jadi kita

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harus balik koefisiennya sudah sama-sama

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satu jadi nggak usah dikali atau dibagi

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jadi kita balik aja menjadi x y + z 2

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mengalami keseimbangan xz2 + y Oke kalau

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dibalik nanti kakinya di seperti kakinya

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seperenambelas berikutnya kita keset

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yang kedua 2ab jadi kita cari yang AB

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disini Abby itu di reaksi 3 disini abis

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sudah benar ya di ruas kiri tapi

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koefisiennya masih

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disini maunya 2 berarti reaksi 3 nggak

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perlu dibalik tapi koefisiennya

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dikalikan dua semuanya berarti jadi 2A b

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+ 2z dua kesetimbangan 2 Ace 2 + 2B

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karena dikali 2 maka c-nya dikuadratkan

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matakar dua dikuadratkan berapa batikan

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16 digali 2/32 Oke jadi dari sini Kita

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sudah pakai reaksi satu sama reaksi 3

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sekarang kita keset berikutnya xa2 xa2

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disini reaksi dua ya ini posisinya Sudah

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sama difokuskan cuma disini masih Tengah

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yang dicetak satu berarti reaksi dua

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nggak perlu dibalik tapi koefisiennya

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dikalikan dua tadi setengah xz2 menjadi

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xa2 Plus 2 aset2 mengalami keseimbangan

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dengan setengah xa2 dikali 2 berarti

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setengahnya hilang ya tinggal xa2 aja

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blouse 3/2 z23 berdua kali

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Z2 kakinya berarti dikuadratkan lagi ya

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Jadi 2284 gini ya reaksi dua jadi pakai

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karang yang terakhir b2y b2y disini

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moga-moga Pakai nasi 4 ya reaksi 4

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disini b2z satu di Karang disini b2y

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satu di kiri berarti nggak perlu

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dikalikan tapi kita harus pindah ruas

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menjadi dua b + y mengalami

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kesetimbangan dengan b2y tadinya berarti

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dibalik ya bergigi sepersepuluh 8 Oke

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kalau sudah kita jumlahkan Oke sebelum

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jumlahkan kita corat-coret dulu yang

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sama ya jadi disini ada dua B2B disini

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sama babi di sini terus ada X2 piccola

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juga Terus apa yang sama lagi ada dua

play11:49

aset2 terus Disini di ruas kiri ada Z2

play11:56

sama2 jadwal audit

play11:57

Hai dikasih dua di kanan sama tiga G2

play11:59

peti habis ya babi Ini ini Dan ini juga

play12:02

dicoret habis terus adalah yang dicoret

play12:05

ya ye sama y jadi tinggal X Y + 2 ab

play12:13

mengalami keseimbangan dengan diruas

play12:16

kanan ada xa2 sama b2y Nia gajinya

play12:21

Berarti dikalikan semuanya ke-44 nyanyi

play12:23

badai seperenambelas dikali 32 dikali 4

play12:28

dikali seperdelapan w16 dan 32 juga 228

play12:34

itu 44 coret sempat lagi ya sudah habis

play12:37

semuanya berarti kacanya satu kita cek

play12:40

lagi reaksinya sudah bener X Y + 2 ab

play12:43

mengalami keseimbangan dengan xa2 plus

play12:45

b2y benar ya gajinya satu oke oke sekian

play12:52

untuk video kali ini untuk melihat lebih

play12:54

lengkap dari bab ini bisa kalian klik

play12:56

tampil yang ada di sebelah

play12:57

atas ini jika ada pertanyaan saran

play12:59

maupun kritik bisa kalian tulis di kolom

play13:02

komentar semoga bermanfaat dan sampai

play13:04

jumpa di video selanjutnya

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