Struktur Atom (4) | Apa itu isotop, isoton, dan isobar? | Kimia Kelas 10

Kimatika

7 Jul 202007:16

Summary

TLDRThis educational video script introduces the concepts of isotopes, isotones, and isobars in chemistry. It explains isotopes as atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers, isotones as atoms with the same number of neutrons, and isobars as atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers. The script uses examples and mnemonics to help viewers remember these concepts and includes a practice exercise to identify isotopes, isotones, and isobars among given atoms.

Takeaways

🔬 Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number (protons) but different mass numbers (protons + neutrons).
📚 The word 'isotope' ends in 'tope', which stands for 'proton', indicating that isotopes have the same number of protons.
🌐 Example isotopes include carbon-12 and carbon-13, both with an atomic number of 6 but different mass numbers.
🤔 Isotones are atoms with the same number of neutrons, which can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
📝 The word 'isotone' ends in 'tone', which stands for 'neutron', indicating that isotones have the same number of neutrons.
🧠 Example isotones include magnesium-24 and sodium-23, both with 12 neutrons.
📊 Isobaric atoms have the same mass number but different atomic numbers and proton counts.
🔢 The word 'isobar' is associated with 'bar', symbolizing mass number, which is the number above the element symbol.
📖 Example isobaric atoms include xenon-131 and iodine-131, both with a mass number of 131.
🔍 To identify isotopes, isotones, and isobaric pairs, one must compare the atomic numbers, mass numbers, and neutron counts of different atoms.
🎓 The video provides a practical exercise to help viewers differentiate between isotopes, isotones, and isobaric atoms.

Q & A

What are isotopes?
-Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number, which means they have the same number of protons, but different mass numbers due to a different number of neutrons.
How can you remember the term 'isotope'?
-The term 'isotope' ends with 'tope' which stands for 'proton', indicating that isotopes have the same number of protons.
What is an example of isotopes mentioned in the script?
-An example of isotopes given is carbon-12 and carbon-13, both having the atomic number 6 but different mass numbers.
What are isotones?
-Isotones are atoms that have the same number of neutrons, which can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.
How can you remember the term 'isotone'?
-The term 'isotone' ends with 'tone' which stands for 'neutron', indicating that isotones have the same number of neutrons.
What is an example of isotones mentioned in the script?
-An example of isotones given is magnesium-24 and sodium-23, both having 12 neutrons.
What are isobars?
-Isobars are atoms that have the same mass number but different atomic numbers and proton counts.
How can you remember the term 'isobar'?
-The term 'isobar' starts with 'bar' which is a symbol for mass number, indicating that isobars have the same mass number.
What is an example of isobars mentioned in the script?
-An example of isobars given is xenon-131 and iodine-131, both having a mass number of 131.
How can you determine if two atoms are isotopes?
-To determine if two atoms are isotopes, check if they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
How can you determine if two atoms are isotones?
-To determine if two atoms are isotones, calculate the number of neutrons by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number and check if they are the same.
How can you determine if two atoms are isobars?
-To determine if two atoms are isobars, check if they have the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

Outlines

00:00

👋 Introduction to Isotopes, Isotons, and Isobars

The presenter begins by greeting the audience and introducing the topic of the video: isotopes, isotons, and isobars. They explain the concept of isotopes, which are pairs or groups of atoms with the same atomic number (i.e., the same number of protons) but different mass numbers and neutron counts. A helpful mnemonic is provided where the letter 'p' in 'isotope' stands for the same number of protons. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-13 are isotopes because they have the same atomic number (6) but different mass numbers (12 and 13).

05:01

🧮 Understanding Isotons and their Characteristics

The second part focuses on isotons, which are atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers. A mnemonic for recalling this concept is using the letter 'n' in 'isoton' to represent neutrons. An example is given with carbon-13 (with 7 neutrons) and nitrogen-14 (with 7 neutrons) being isotons because their neutron counts are identical, despite different atomic and mass numbers.

⚖️ Explanation of Isobars

The third section covers isobars, which are atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers and proton counts. The presenter suggests using the letter 'a' in 'isobar' as a reminder of mass number. An example is provided using potassium-40 (K-40) and calcium-40 (Ca-40), which are isobars because they have the same mass number of 40, though their atomic numbers differ.

📝 Practice Problems on Isotopes, Isotons, and Isobars

In this section, the presenter moves on to a problem-solving exercise, asking viewers to identify pairs of atoms that are isotopes, isotons, or isobars from a list. The key to identifying isotopes is that the atoms must have the same number of protons, such as xenon-54-131 and xenon-54-128, which are isotopes. Another example is thallium-52, which is also identified as having isotopic properties based on its atomic symbols.

🔎 Finding Isotons: Practice Problems

Next, the focus is on finding isotons, starting with calculating the number of neutrons in each atom. The process involves subtracting the atomic number from the mass number. For example, magnesium-12 and sodium-11 are identified as isotons because both have 12 neutrons. Another pair of isotons identified in this section are tellurium-74 and xenon-74, based on their neutron counts.

📊 Identifying Isobars: Practice Problems

The final problem-solving section focuses on finding isobars, where the atomic pairs must have the same mass number. Xenon-131 and iodine-131 are identified as an isobar pair since both have the same mass number of 131, despite different atomic numbers. The presenter notes that this is the only isobar pair found in the example.

🎬 Conclusion and Final Thoughts

The video wraps up with a summary of the concepts covered: isotopes, isotons, and isobars. The presenter encourages viewers to subscribe to the channel and turn on notifications to stay updated with future lessons. A friendly farewell is given to close out the session, reinforcing the importance of learning chemistry and mathematics through the channel.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Isotop

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons, leading to different atomic masses. In the video, the instructor explains that isotopes share the same proton count, as shown in the example of two carbon atoms (C-12 and C-13), which both have six protons but differ in neutron count.

💡Isoton

Isotons are atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers and proton counts. The video demonstrates this with the example of carbon (C-13) and nitrogen (N-14), both having seven neutrons, which classifies them as isotons.

💡Isobar

Isobars are atoms that have the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers, meaning they differ in both proton and neutron counts. The video provides the example of calcium (Ca-40) and argon (Ar-40), both having the same mass number (40) but differing in proton and neutron numbers, which makes them isobars.

💡Proton

A proton is a positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom. It determines the atomic number and identity of an element. In the video, protons are central to the concept of isotopes, as isotopes must have the same number of protons to be considered the same element.

💡Neutron

A neutron is a neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons help differentiate isotopes and are essential in defining isoton pairs. For example, the video illustrates how carbon and nitrogen have the same number of neutrons, classifying them as isotons.

💡Atomic Number

The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, defining the element. In the video, atomic numbers are used to distinguish between isotopes, isotons, and isobars, with the instructor emphasizing that isotopes share the same atomic number, while isobars do not.

💡Atomic Mass

Atomic mass is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus. It differentiates isotopes and is crucial in the definition of isobars, as isobars share the same atomic mass but have different numbers of protons. The video provides examples like calcium and argon having the same atomic mass of 40 but different atomic numbers.

💡Element Symbol

The element symbol is the one- or two-letter abbreviation for an element, used to quickly reference it in chemical formulas. In the video, symbols like 'C' for carbon and 'Ca' for calcium are used to represent elements when explaining isotopes, isotons, and isobars.

💡Number of Neutrons

The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass. This concept is used in the video when the instructor calculates neutron numbers to identify isoton pairs, such as carbon (C-13) and nitrogen (N-14), both with seven neutrons.

💡Chemical Identity

Chemical identity refers to the unique identity of an element, determined by its atomic number or proton count. In the video, the instructor emphasizes that isotopes have the same chemical identity since they share the same number of protons, even though they may have different atomic masses due to variations in neutron numbers.

Highlights

Introduction to isotopes, isotones, and isobars.

Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Isotopes can be remembered by the letter 'p' at the end of the word, standing for proton.

Example of isotopes: Atoms with atomic number 6 and mass numbers 12 and 13.

Isotopes have the same number of protons.

Isotones are atoms with the same number of neutrons.

Isotones can be remembered by the letter 'n' at the end of the word, representing neutron.

Example of isotones: Atoms with atomic numbers 6 and 7, and mass numbers 13 and 14.

Isotones have the same number of neutrons.

Isobars are atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

Isobars can be remembered by the letter 'A', symbolizing mass number.

Example of isobars: Atoms with atomic numbers 1948 and 20, both with a mass number of 40.

Explanation of how to determine isotopes by looking at the atomic number and mass number.

Explanation of how to determine isotones by calculating the number of neutrons.

Explanation of how to determine isobars by comparing the mass number.

Practical exercise to identify isotopes, isotones, and isobars among given atoms.

Finding isotopes by matching the atomic number.

Finding isotones by matching the number of neutrons.

Finding isobars by matching the mass number.

Conclusion and invitation to continue learning chemistry and mathematics.

Encouragement to subscribe and like the video for more educational content.