Charles’s Law Experiment #JayChem

Summary

This video script details a Charles' Law experiment, demonstrating the relationship between gas volume and temperature. A flask filled with air is heated in boiling water at 100°C (373.15 K), then inverted in cold water at 23°C. As the gas cools, it contracts, drawing water into the flask. The initial volume of gas is measured as 138 mL, and after cooling, the volume decreases to 111.5 mL, illustrating Charles' Law: volume is directly proportional to temperature when pressure is constant.

Takeaways

• 🔍 The experiment demonstrates Charles' Law, which relates the volume of a gas to its temperature.
• 🌡️ The initial temperature of the gas in the flask is set to 100 degrees Celsius (372 Kelvin), simulating boiling water conditions.
• 💧 The flask is inverted in cold water at 23 degrees Celsius to observe the effect of temperature decrease on gas volume.
• 📉 As the gas cools, its volume decreases, causing water to be drawn into the flask.
• 📏 The volume of water that enters the flask is measured to be 26.5 milliliters, representing the reduction in gas volume.
• 🔄 The initial volume of gas in the flask is assumed to be the full volume of the flask, which is 138 milliliters.
• ➖ To find the new volume of the gas after cooling (V2), subtract the volume of water drawn in from the initial volume (V1).
• 📐 V2 is calculated to be approximately 111.5 milliliters, indicating the volume change due to temperature decrease.
• 🔄 Charles' Law states that the ratio of initial volume to initial temperature should equal the ratio of final volume to final temperature.
• 📝 The experiment aims to verify Charles' Law by comparing the calculated V2 with the observed V2 from the data collection.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the Charles Law experiment described in the transcript?

The purpose of the experiment is to observe the relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature, as described by Charles' Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is held constant.

What is the initial temperature (T1) of the gas inside the flask when it is placed in boiling water?

The initial temperature (T1) of the gas inside the flask is 100 degrees Celsius, which is also converted to Kelvin for the experiment.

How is the temperature converted from Celsius to Kelvin?

The temperature in Kelvin is equal to the temperature in Celsius plus 273.15. So, 100 degrees Celsius is equal to 373.15 Kelvin.

What happens to the gas volume when the flask is placed in cold water?

When the flask is placed in cold water, the gas inside cools down and contracts, leading to a decrease in volume, which causes water to be drawn into the flask.

What is the temperature of the cold water bath and how is it recorded?

The temperature of the cold water bath is 23 degrees Celsius, and this is recorded as the second data point for temperature in the experiment.

Why does water rush into the flask when it is inverted in the cold water?

Water rushes into the flask because the gas inside contracts as it cools, creating a vacuum that allows water to be drawn in due to atmospheric pressure.

How is the volume of the gas that has cooled and contracted measured?

The volume of the cooled gas is measured indirectly by subtracting the volume of water that has been sucked into the flask from the total volume of the flask when it was full of hot gas.

What is the volume of water that is sucked into the flask when it is inverted in the cold water?

The volume of water that is sucked into the flask is 26.5 milliliters.

What is the initial volume (V1) of the hot air in the flask before it is inverted in the water?

The initial volume (V1) of the hot air in the flask is 138 milliliters, as measured by pouring the contents of the flask into a graduated cylinder.

How is the final volume (V2) of the gas calculated?

The final volume (V2) of the gas is calculated by subtracting the volume of water sucked into the flask (26.5 milliliters) from the initial volume of the hot air (138 milliliters), resulting in approximately 111.5 milliliters.

What does Charles' Law state about the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas?

Charles' Law states that for a given mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to its thermodynamic temperature (measured in Kelvin).

How is the validity of Charles' Law tested in this experiment?

The validity of Charles' Law is tested by comparing the calculated final volume (V2) based on the initial volume (V1) and temperature change with the actual measured final volume (V2) from the experiment.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Charles Law Experiment Overview

This paragraph introduces a science experiment designed to explore Charles Law, which examines the relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature. The experiment involves heating an Erlenmeyer flask in boiling water to 100 degrees Celsius, then inverting it into cold water at 23 degrees Celsius. The goal is to observe how the gas volume changes as the temperature decreases. The initial temperature of the gas is equated to the boiling water temperature and converted to Kelvin. The experiment records the volume of water that enters the flask as the gas cools and contracts, which is used to calculate the new volume of the gas. The process includes ensuring atmospheric pressure consistency and accurately measuring the volume of water displaced by the gas contraction.

05:02

📊 Analyzing Charles Law Data

This paragraph delves into the data analysis phase of the Charles Law experiment. It explains the process of calculating the final volume of the gas (V2) after cooling by subtracting the volume of water that entered the flask from the initial volume (V1) of the hot gas. The paragraph discusses the conceptual understanding behind the experiment, emphasizing how the gas particles lose energy and contract as the temperature drops. The experiment aims to verify Charles Law, which states that the initial volume of a gas divided by its initial temperature should be proportional to the final volume divided by the final temperature. The paragraph concludes with a call to action to complete the experiment's write-up and encourages the viewer to embrace their inner science enthusiast.

Keywords

💡Charles Law

Charles Law, also known as Boyle's Law, states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when the pressure is held constant. In the video, Charles Law is the central theme as the experiment is designed to demonstrate how the volume of a gas changes with temperature. The script describes an experiment where a flask filled with gas is heated and then cooled to observe the change in volume.

💡Flask

A flask is a type of laboratory container with a neck that is used to hold substances. In the context of the video, a flask is used to contain the gas that is being heated and cooled to observe the effects on its volume as described by Charles Law.

💡Boiling Water

Boiling water is used in the experiment to heat the gas inside the flask. The script mentions placing the flask in boiling water to increase the temperature of the gas to 100 degrees Celsius, which is a common method to create a controlled high-temperature environment for scientific experiments.

💡Temperature

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. In the video, temperature is crucial as it is manipulated to observe its effect on the volume of the gas inside the flask, directly relating to Charles Law.

💡Volume

Volume refers to the amount of space occupied by a substance. The video's experiment focuses on the relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature, as predicted by Charles Law.

💡Erlenmeyer Flask

An Erlenmeyer flask is a type of laboratory flask with a conical shape and a narrow neck, used in the video to contain the gas. The script describes heating the flask in boiling water and then inverting it in cold water to observe changes in gas volume.

💡Cold Water Bath

A cold water bath is used to cool the gas in the Erlenmeyer flask. In the script, the flask is inverted in cold water after heating, causing the gas to cool and contract, which allows for the observation of volume change.

💡Pressure

Pressure, while not explicitly mentioned in the script, is an important factor in gas laws, including Charles Law. The law assumes constant pressure, which means that as the temperature changes, the volume changes in a predictable way, assuming the pressure remains the same.

💡Kelvin

Kelvin is a unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI). The script instructs to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin, which is necessary for scientific calculations and standard practice in many scientific fields.

💡Data Points

Data points are individual sets of values in a dataset. In the video, data points are collected at different temperatures to observe the relationship between volume and temperature, which is then used to verify Charles Law.

💡Graduated Cylinder

A graduated cylinder is a piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of liquids. In the script, a graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of water that has been displaced by the gas in the flask, which helps determine the volume of the gas.

Highlights

Charles Law experiment using a flask in boiling water to observe the relationship between gas volume and temperature.

Initial temperature (T1) set at 100 degrees Celsius, converted to Kelvin.

Placing the flask upside down in cold water causes water to rush in as the gas volume decreases.

The gas inside the flask shrinks when the temperature decreases.

The volume of water sucked into the flask is measured to be 26.5 milliliters.

The total volume of gas in the hot flask before inversion is assumed to be 138 milliliters.

V2 is calculated by subtracting the volume of water sucked into the flask from the initial volume (V1).

V2 is found to be approximately 111.5 milliliters after the subtraction.

The experiment demonstrates Charles Law, which states that the initial volume to initial temperature ratio should be proportional to the final volume to final temperature ratio.

The experiment shows that when the temperature of a gas decreases, its volume also decreases.

The relationship between volume and temperature is explored through Charles Law.

The experiment involves heating a flask in boiling water and then cooling it in cold water.

The gas particles inside the flask gain energy when heated, causing the gas to fill the entire volume of the flask.

Cooling the gas causes it to shrink, allowing water to fill the now-vacant space in the flask.

The experiment indirectly measures the volume of the colder gas by subtracting the water volume from the initial gas volume.

The experiment aims to verify Charles Law by comparing calculated V2 with the observed V2.

The lab concludes with a discussion on the observed changes in gas volume with temperature.

Transcripts

this is going to be our charles law

experiment

and first off we're going to be using a

flask in boiling water

we're basically going to be checking as

the temperature of a gas decreases

what happens to the volume of that gas

we know there's a relationship between

volume and temperature

and we like to look at that through the

eyes

of charles law today we are going to be

focused on

just the smaller flask

our first step then is going to be to

take boiling hot water

and put our erlenmeyer flask into the

hot

boiling water as the boiling water

surrounds the flask it's going to heat

the air inside the flask as well to the

same temperature

so we know that whatever temperature

that water is

that is going to be the temperature of

the gas inside

so for our first amount of temperature

t1 it's going to be 100 degrees

celsius so on your lab for the

temperature of the boiling water bath

put it 100 degrees celsius and also

convert it to kelvin

now remember that kelvin temperature in

that is actually the temperature of the

gas

initially we're then going to plug the

top of that gas

and put it upside down in cold water

and imagine what's happening there's

water that's actually going

inside this erlenmeyer flask right now

why

because the gas that was filling up that

entire flask

is now shrinking

so for your second data point you are

going to put

23 degrees celsius for the temperature

of your cold

water bath now eventually if we leave

this long enough

the gas that is inside

this erlenmeyer flask should be the same

temperature

as this cold water bath now the big

question is

why did water rush in well remember if

we dropped the temperature

that gas that was originally taking up

all of the erlenmeyer flask is now

shrinking because it's getting colder

and now where there's no gas

water will rush in so let's move forward

in the lab

now if you notice we're going to take

our hand and we're going to put the

level that the

water's at inside the flask and put it

to the same level as the top of the

water

inside the beaker the reason for that is

the outside atmospheric pressure

will be the same as the inside pressure

we'll then plug it and pull it out of

the water so we don't lose any of the

water

inside the flask now if you think about

it

the water inside that flask is the

volume

that the gas shrunk so let's measure

that volume of water that's inside the

flask and sucked into it

and that is by the way going to be a

data point

the volume of water sucked into the

flask

so there you have it it's going to be

26.5 milliliters for the volume of water

sucked into the flask

go ahead and put those milliliters into

your data table so that you have that

and then let's move forward so we can

eventually figure out

what's the total volume of the gas that

was in the

hot erlenmeyer flask before it was

inverted in the water

so let's go ahead and do that

i'm going to fill up our erlenmeyer

flask

all the way

because that's how much volume the gas

would have been

when your erlenmeyer flask was

completely full

now we're going to take that and pour it

into the graduated cylinder

and this is going to give us the assumed

volume of the hot air in the flask

technically our v1

as you can see the volume of the hot air

assumed in the flask is going to be 138

milliliters

go ahead and put that for your v1 data

point

and make sure that's in milliliters

so here we're going to take a look at

how do we figure out how much

volume of gas was when it was cooled

so what we're saying is we're trying to

find our

v2 reading to do that

our v2 reading we're going to take the

total volume

v1 the starting volume of the hot air

and we subtract

the amount of water that was sucked into

the flask

when you subtract that you end up

getting

about 111.5 milliliters

and that'll be your official v2 the

other way to find that if you look on

your data table is to take the data from

d and subtract letter data c

from it as well and that's just what we

did

let's think about what's really

happening in this lab to start with

you have this erlenmeyer flask that is

heating up in the boiling water so

inside this flask all these little

particles of gas

are getting the same amount of energy as

the water outside

so we know that when this gas is heated

up to the same temperature of the

boiling water

right that this gas is completely

filling the entire volume of the flask

and it's at that same temperature but

once we

cool down that gas and invert it upside

down

you notice that there was water that

filled up that flask

what does that mean well what happened

was the gas used to fill up the entire

flask

but now that the water was colder

the gas got colder and it shrunk a

little bit

so what we have to do is we have to take

the entire

volume of this flask and subtract out

the small amount of water and when you

subtract that out

that becomes the new volume of the cold

gas

so that's what we did we measured

indirectly

how much water that erlenmeyer flask

sucked in

and by knowing that however much water

took the place of gas

if we subtract that out we now have our

new volume of the colder gas

so just so you know that's why we did

that subtraction problem

now when we're looking at that think

about everything that's happening with

charles law

here is our data we started 100 degrees

that was our hot gas and we ended

with the 23 degrees or so now that you

have that

we've seen charles law in action

remember charles law is the initial

volume

over the initial temperature should be

proportional

to the final volume over the final

temperature

the question is though was this holding

true

so you are going to use your data to

basically

solve for what v2 would have been

according to the math

and see how closely related it was

to the v2 that you got in data

collection

letter e and we're going to compare

those

but remember charles law shows that

relationship between volume and

temperature

so the question is once again if we drop

the temperature

of a gas what happens to the volume of

the gas

did it go up or did it go down

that is our main goal of this lab so now

that you have that data

go ahead and finish your write up for

charles law be well science fan