Science 9: Cellular respiration and its difference from Photosynthesis (Tagalog-English Format)

Summary

In this educational video, Sir Gareth explores the fascinating world of science, focusing on photosynthesis and cellular respiration. He explains how photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy, while cellular respiration breaks down glucose and oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. The video delves into the chemical equations and processes involved, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, highlighting the importance of these processes for life on Earth.

Takeaways

• 🌱 Photosynthesis primarily occurs in plants, particularly in their leaves.
• 🌞 Photosynthesis uses six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water, along with light, to produce glucose and six molecules of oxygen gas.
• 💡 Cellular respiration is a complex process that releases energy in the form of ATP from food molecules.
• 🔄 The chemical equation for cellular respiration is: glucose (C6H12O6) + six molecules of oxygen gas → six molecules of carbon dioxide, six molecules of water, and ATP.
• ⚡ Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
• 🔬 Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, where one glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules, generating two net ATPs.
• 🔗 The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria's inner matrix and further breaks down acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide and ATP.
• 🔋 The electron transport chain, located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to produce more ATP.
• 🌊 Water and carbon dioxide are the end products of cellular respiration, along with ATP.
• ⚖️ Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes in terms of their chemical equations and products.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video lecture?

The main topic discussed in the video lecture is the process of cellular respiration, its stages, and its comparison with photosynthesis.

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen plays a crucial role in cellular respiration, particularly in aerobic respiration, where it is used to produce ATP through a series of oxidation processes.

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

The chemical equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) → 6CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6H2O (water) + ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

What are the three major stages of cellular respiration?

The three major stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain.

What happens during glycolysis in cellular respiration?

During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules, generating two net ATPs in the process.

What is the role of the mitochondria in cellular respiration?

The mitochondria are the site of the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, where most of the ATP is produced.

What are NADH and FADH2, and what is their function in cellular respiration?

NADH and FADH2 are coenzymes that serve as electron carriers in the electron transport chain, helping to generate a greater amount of ATP.

How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce ATP, while anaerobic respiration, such as fermentation, breaks down pyruvate without the use of oxygen.

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of their chemical processes?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are inverse processes. Photosynthesis takes in carbon dioxide and water and releases glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration consumes glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

What is the role of ATP in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a key molecule in both processes. In photosynthesis, ATP is produced as an energy source, while in cellular respiration, ATP is generated as a form of usable energy for the cell.

How does the video lecture describe the process of the electron transport chain?

The video lecture describes the electron transport chain as a series of oxidation processes where electrons carried by NADH and FADH are transferred to electron receptors, leading to the production of ATP and water.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Overview

Sir Gareth introduces the video lecture focused on exploring the world of science, specifically photosynthesis and cellular respiration. He mentions the previous lecture on photosynthesis and encourages viewers to watch it for more details. The script discusses the chemical equation for photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide and water, with the aid of light, produce glucose and oxygen. It contrasts this with cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The script also touches on aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce ATP, and the importance of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells containing organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria.

05:03

🔬 Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle in Cellular Respiration

This paragraph delves into the specifics of glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid molecules, generating two net ATPs. It explains that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the conversion of a six-carbon glucose molecule into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. The paragraph also discusses the role of NADH as a co-enzyme that carries electrons and the subsequent stages of cellular respiration, including the Krebs cycle, which takes place in the mitochondria's inner matrix, and the electron transport chain, which is responsible for the production of a significant amount of ATP.

10:03

🔋 Electron Transport Chain and ATP Production

The script explains the electron transport chain, which is a series of oxidation processes that occur in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. It details how electrons carried by NADH and FADH are transferred to electron receptors, leading to the production of ATP. The paragraph highlights the role of the electron transport chain in generating ATP and the final acceptance of electrons by oxygen, which combines with hydrogen ions to produce water. It summarizes the ATP production from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, noting that the numbers are approximate and can vary.

15:05

🌱 Summary of Cellular Respiration and Comparison with Photosynthesis

Sir Gareth summarizes cellular respiration as a process that produces ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, involving three major stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. He contrasts this with photosynthesis, which uses carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen using light. The paragraph emphasizes the chemical equations of both processes and their inputs and outputs. It also discusses the role of autotrophs, like plants, in photosynthesis and the importance of glucose as a raw material for cellular respiration.

20:16

🎓 Quiz on Cellular Respiration and Conclusion

The final paragraph presents a quiz to reinforce the concepts of cellular respiration, including the identification of coenzymes like NADH and FADH2, which serve as electron transporters. It also addresses common misconceptions about the end products of cellular respiration and the requirement of oxygen for aerobic respiration. Sir Gareth concludes the lecture by reiterating the importance of understanding both photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the context of science.

Keywords

💡Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to convert light energy into chemical energy. In the context of the video, photosynthesis is described as the process where plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process is crucial for life on Earth as it provides the oxygen we breathe and serves as the basis for the food chain. The script mentions photosynthesis as a key feature of plants, particularly highlighting its role in producing glucose and oxygen.

💡Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The video script explains cellular respiration as a complex process that involves the breakdown of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. This process is essential for all living organisms as it provides the energy needed for various cellular functions.

💡ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell, used to power various cellular processes. In the video, ATP is described as the energy currency produced during both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It is a molecule that stores and transfers chemical energy within cells and is central to the concept of energy transformation in the video's narrative.

💡Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and the reducing agent NADH. The video script discusses glycolysis as the first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating ATP. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and is a key step in energy production.

💡Krebs Cycle

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy. In the video, the Krebs cycle is described as the second stage of cellular respiration, where acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce ATP, NADH, and FADH2, which are used to generate more ATP in the electron transport chain.

💡Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes that use the energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across a membrane, generating a proton gradient used by ATP synthase to produce ATP. The script explains the electron transport chain as the final stage of cellular respiration, where the most ATP is produced through a series of oxidation reactions.

💡Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration is a process that uses oxygen to produce ATP. The video script describes aerobic respiration as a process that involves oxygen to produce ATP, where oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. This process is critical for most eukaryotic cells, as it is the most efficient way to generate ATP.

💡Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that does not require oxygen. The video script mentions anaerobic respiration as a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, such as fermentation. This process is less efficient in ATP production compared to aerobic respiration but is essential for survival in oxygen-deficient environments.

💡Fermentation

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohols. In the video, fermentation is described as a type of anaerobic respiration that breaks down pyruvate into lactate or ethanol without the use of oxygen. This process is essential for some organisms to generate ATP in the absence of oxygen.

💡NADH and FADH2

NADH and FADH2 are coenzymes that carry electrons and protons during cellular respiration. The video script explains that NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that play a crucial role in the electron transport chain, where they help generate ATP by transferring electrons to oxygen, thus producing water.

Highlights

Photosynthesis occurs mainly in plants, particularly in their limbs.

Cellular respiration is a complex process that releases energy in the form of ATP from food molecules.

The chemical equation for photosynthesis involves carbon dioxide, water, and light to produce glucose and oxygen.

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Eukaryote cells contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, golgi bodies, and mitochondria.

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, breaking down glucose into pyruvate.

The Krebs cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration, breaking down acetyl CoA into carbon dioxide and water.

The electron transport chain is the final stage of cellular respiration, harvesting energy to produce ATP.

NADH and FADH2 are coenzymes that serve as electron carriers in cellular respiration.

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that breaks down pyruvate without the use of oxygen.

Cellular respiration can be represented by a chemical equation involving glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes, with each other's products being the other's raw materials.

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and is the process of breaking down glucose to pyruvate.

The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria, converting acetyl CoA into carbon dioxide and water.

The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria, transferring electrons to produce ATP.

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and involves three stages: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain.

Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and includes processes like fermentation.

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are essential for life, with each process providing the necessary raw materials for the other.

Transcripts

good day everyone sir gareth here

i will help you to learn and explore the

majestic

and interesting world of science

in our previous video lecture we have

discussed the concept of photosynthesis

and its key features

if you haven't watched the video lecture

you may click the link presented on the

description below

as what we have said photosynthesis

occurs mainly

in plants particularly on its limbs

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living organisms once they exhale

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organisms particularly of humans and

other form of animals

for them to perform their daily tasks

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a chemical equation

6 molecules of carbon dioxide plus

six molecules of water with the

application of light

will yield two glucose and six

molecules of oxygen gas at paramas mine

in the hanmo angbo

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cellular respiration cellular

respiration

is a complex process by which energy in

the form of

atp is released from food molecules

guyanese photosynthesis

plus oxygen gas whereas

these raw materials will undergo certain

processes

to produce carbon dioxide or six

molecules of carbon dioxide

six molecules of water and

adenosine triphosphate or atp

at paramaganapan processor and cellular

respiration

efficient supplementation

aerobic respiration aerobic respiration

is a process which uses oxygen to

produce

atp

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respiration respiration naganap's

eukaryote cells

or manga cells

description cell it contains

membrane-bound

organelles such as nucleus golgi bodies

and mitochondria the donating

and golden attention cellular

respiration

produce atp or adenosine triphosphate

malignant

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c6h12o6 represents a glucose

plus six molecules of oxygen gas whereas

this raw materials will undergo certain

processes

to produce six molecules of carbon

dioxide

six molecules of water and atp

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represents end products or output and

cellular respiration

and cellular respiration it's a chemical

equation and photosynthesis

in terms of the compounds present on it

mapping

and input or raw materials and cellular

respiration

i am end products and photosynthesis

attack end products and cellular

respiration

raw materials and photosynthesis

and photosynthesis

autotrophs particularly plants

which produces glucose munit

mapapansinate nasa cellular respiration

and glucose eyes and raw materials the

ebay patterns

enter processed cellular respiration

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glycolysis krebs cycle at electron

transport chain

big young focus

glycolysis glycolysis

cytoplasm

oxygen gas it is also a process which

one glucose molecule is broken down into

two pyruvic

acid molecules to generate two net

atps in the process so papa ano

from one molecule

net atp is a process

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so the first event and glycolysis

or phosphate groups mulasa de la

atp molecules animalini parts a glucose

molecule metabolism

phosphate group six carbon compound that

in a tavognatine

glucose

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magnum presents nonphosphate group and

six carbon molecules

a situation

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h and nadh is a co-enzyme

electrons

atp

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stage and three carbon compounds a macho

convert into three

carbon pyruvate namak bibigaidan uppa

mas mahapak produ spa nang masmaraming

atp

molecules to sum it up glycolysis

is the process of harvesting energy by

breaking down glucose to pyruvate

molecules

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atp molecules the entire process

glycolysis

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oxygen gas angle molecules nancy carbon

pyruvate then the producer glycolysis

is cytoplasm

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mitochondria

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molecules latina tawagnathine acetyl koa

nang ionio oxidize angisan carbon

molecule

which is the carbon dioxide i.e la la

bass during the process

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oxygen gas red cycle takes place

in the inner matrix of the mitochondria

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aluminating responsibilities

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enzymes nadh is naturally occurring and

vital compound

found in the cells of living organisms

paramagapak generate atp

fadh is formed when

fad is oxidized by gaining two hydrogen

ions

nadh and fadh are electron carrier

molecule

which serves to regenerate greater

amount of

atp at dahil nawalan

is some carbon molecule or carbon

dioxide

and five carbon molecule bubbly

kitosapaging four

carbon compounds

a process on a krebs cycle

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nadh molecules at some fadh2 molecules

and carbon dioxide

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cycle produced

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electron transport chain an electron

transport chain in the

inner membrane and mitochondria

krebs cycle

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oxygen gas electron transport chain is a

series of oxidation processes

where electrons in form of hydrogen ions

carried by nadh

and fadh are transferred to electron

receptors

found in the inner membrane of the

mitochondria

the inner membrane and mitochondria

my marquis kitatayung series of protein

complex namely electron carrier

angdalong electron nadh and

fadh papasas electron carrier

the nasal protein complex

naga meeting material to produce a

protein reset

nagagamiten to energize or power

the so-called atp synthase

atp synthase angle combines a

phosphate group at adenosine diphosphate

parama produce an atp

on this part oxygen will be the final

acceptor of the electrons coming from

the nadh

and fadh enzymes

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proton region an oxygen atom imaco

combines

the lawn protons of hydrogen ions

which leads to the production of water

for us to summarize the concept of

electron transport chain atps are

released

along with water as by-products second

gatps are produced for every

one molecule of nadhs two atps are

produced for every three molecules

of fadh and on the entire process

36 atps are produced

for every one molecule of glucose

or c6h12o6 but then

we should always remember that the

numbers presented on each

processes is not always precise

some situations oxygen gas

antenna and aerobic respiration

anaerobic respiration is a process which

does not involve

oxygen gas detox

fermentation fermentation is a type of

anaerobic respiration which breaks down

pyruvate without the use of

oxygen the fermentation

mass

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organisms

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it will be impossible for us to perform

our tasks

and live longer now to summarize the

concept of cellular respiration

number one energy in the form of atp

is being produced in this process along

with carbon dioxide

and water second there are three major

stages

involved on this process number one is

what we call

glycolysis which is the process of

breaking down of glucose to pyruvate

which happens in the cytoplasan second

is what we call krebs cycle which is the

process

of breaking down acetylchola completely

into carbon dioxide and water which

occurs in the inner matrix of the

mitochondria

and lastly the what we call throttle

transport chain

which is the process of harvesting more

energy

in the form of atp which occurs

in the inner membrane cellular

respiration can be represented

using the chemical equation c6h12o6 or

the what we call glucose

plus six molecules of oxygen gas will

undergo

certain processes as what we mentioned

earlier

to produce six molecules of carbon

dioxide

six molecules of water and atp

so unknown pinakai ban and

photosynthesis at cellular respiration

in terms of chemical equation

and photosynthesis i made chemical

equation

six molecules of carbon dioxide

plus six molecules of water where the

application of light

will yield to glucose and six molecules

of oxygen

gas samantha lung and cellular

respiration

make chemical equation glucose

plus six molecules of oxygen gas

which undergoes the three major

processes

will produce six molecules of carbon

dioxide

six molecules of water and atp

bhakta tingnaman some materials or

compounds in bolts

processor and raw materials are

photosynthesis

i carbon dioxide at water

samantha lungs cellular respiration and

oxygen gas

and glucose in terms of end products for

antenatal wagnapping outputs

sapoto synthesis ito i may end products

glucose at oxygen gas samantha lux

cellular respiration among carbon

dioxide

adp at water and end products the

things and processes

oriented towards nutting stages involved

on the two major

events and photosynthesis i made the

lawang

stages dependent reaction

oculi photochemical reaction

light independent reaction masculine

animals

and cellular respiration i made at long

stages

glycolysis red cycle

at electron transport chain lag

and photosynthesis

or manga organisms

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glycolysis happens in the mitochondria

of the cell

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time's up eye false

dial and glycolysis a naganab

very good now let us proceed on item

number two

nadh and fadh2 are examples of coenzymes

that serves as

transporter of electrons and other forms

of ions

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time's up i

true great now

let us proceed on item number three

which is a multiple choices

which of the following compounds is not

an

end product of cellular respiration

a oxygen gas b atp

c carbon dioxide d water

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time's up the correct answer for this

question

is a oxygen gas

oxygen gas i n product num

photosynthesis

let us proceed on item number four

cellular respiration

involves two sub stages during its

process

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time's up the answer for this item is

false and

cellular respiration

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stages glycolysis

kreb cycle at an electron transport

chain

now let us proceed on item number five

aerobic respiration is a form of

respiration

which does not require oxygen gas in its

process

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times up the correct answer for this

item is

false and process

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cellular respiration at pinakai manitosa

photosynthesis

again i am sir galette and let us learn

and explore the majestic

and interesting world of science

you