A Doctor Reviews: NZT-48 Brain Booster by Limitless

Summary

NZT-48号称是终极大脑增强剂，但缺乏足够的临床证据证明其对健康人的认知提升效果。该补充剂包含多种成分，然而其中大多数的剂量不足以产生显著效果。关键成分如咖啡因、绿茶提取物（EGCG）和Huperzine A可能提供轻微的认知改善，但仅限于类似喝咖啡或绿茶的作用。对健康个体来说，NZT-48并不比单独服用这些成分更有效，同时售价较高且可能存在安全风险。整体评价为D，性价比低，不推荐使用。

Takeaways

• 🤔 NZT-48 被宣传为终极大脑增强剂，但缺乏坚实的科学证据支持。
• 🧪 许多成分基于动物或细胞实验，而不是人类临床试验，这使其有效性存疑。
• 🧠 研究表明，认知补充剂对健康个体的增强效果有限，更适合有认知问题的人。
• ⚠️ NZT-48 中的成分稀释效应严重，每种成分的含量较低，难以达到有效剂量。
• 📊 像 Alpha GPC 和 Huperzine A 等成分只在有阿尔茨海默症的患者中显示出好处，对健康人无效。
• 💊 其他成分，如咖啡因和 EGCG，对健康成人有些许的认知提升作用。
• ❌ 许多成分缺乏人类试验的支持，或其剂量太低，无法提供任何明显的效果。
• 💸 NZT-48 的定价过高，用户可以以更低的成本购买单独的成分并获得类似效果。
• ⚠️ 由于多种成分混合在一起，可能会产生药物相互作用，安全性存疑。
• 👎 总体而言，NZT-48 的效果、成本和安全性都较差，建议不使用。

Q & A

NZT-48 是什么样的补充剂，它声称有哪些功效？

NZT-48 是一种声称能够增强认知功能的脑力增强补充剂。它宣称能够提升记忆力、专注力和整体脑力表现。

NZT-48 是否有足够的科学证据支持其功效？

目前没有足够的人体临床试验支持 NZT-48 的功效。许多成分的研究仅限于动物或细胞实验，而非健康人类的临床试验。

NZT-48 中最有潜力的成分是什么？

NZT-48 中最有潜力的成分是咖啡因和 EGCG（绿茶提取物），它们对健康成年人的认知功能可能有一定的促进作用。

NZT-48 中哪些成分对认知功能的提升效果有限？

许多成分如 Alpha GPC、苯丙氨酸和乙酰-L-肉碱对健康成年人的认知功能提升效果有限，更多的研究集中在患有阿尔茨海默症或认知功能障碍的人群上。

为什么 NZT-48 的剂量可能不足以产生显著效果？

NZT-48 包含 23 种成分，但每粒胶囊总剂量仅为 750 毫克，平均每种成分的剂量仅为 32 毫克，这远低于大多数研究中显示有效的剂量。

哪些成分在 NZT-48 中可能对情绪调节有帮助？

5-HTP、Ashwagandha 和 Rhodiola 这些成分已显示出对改善情绪、缓解压力、焦虑和抑郁的作用，但它们对认知功能的提升并无显著证据。

为什么有些成分如 Alpha GPC 应该谨慎使用？

虽然 Alpha GPC 在阿尔茨海默症患者中可能有认知改善效果，但长期使用该成分与中风风险增加相关，因此应谨慎使用，尤其是健康人群。

NZT-48 中的 Huperzine A 有哪些功效和限制？

Huperzine A 可能通过增加乙酰胆碱水平来改善阿尔茨海默症患者的记忆和认知功能，但对于健康成年人，这种效果有限。

NZT-48 在成本效益方面如何？

NZT-48 每月售价约为 60 美元，而使用咖啡因、绿茶提取物和 Huperzine A 的组合可以以更低的价格（8-13 美元/月）实现类似效果，因此性价比较低。

综合来看，NZT-48 的总体评价如何？

NZT-48 的有效性评级为 C，因为它的效果类似于饮用咖啡或绿茶；成本效益评级为 D，因其可用更便宜的方式替代；安全性评级为 D，因成分可能与药物产生相互作用。总体评分为 D，建议不推荐使用。

Outlines

00:00

🧠 NZT-48：终极大脑增强剂的效用存疑

NZT-48 宣称自己是终极大脑增强剂，但缺乏确凿的人体临床试验证据。许多声称具备最前沿成分的补充剂依赖细胞或动物实验，难以证明对健康个体的益处。类似抗生素的类比，许多补充剂可能对患有认知问题的人群有效，但对健康人群帮助不大。此外，NZT-48 中成分剂量过低，难以达到最佳效果。研究表明，较低的剂量可能导致没有明显效果。

05:03

⚖️ 成分分析：剂量不足的认知补充剂

在详细分析 NZT-48 的成分时，常见问题浮现。大多数成分，如 Alpha GPC 和 EGCG，在患有认知障碍的人群中可能有益，但在健康成人中的效果尚未得到证实。许多成分的剂量不足以产生明显的益处，尤其是在研究表明需要更高剂量才能发挥作用的情况下。NZT-48 所包含的成分，如 N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine 和 L-theanine，其潜在效用也受到质疑。

10:05

📉 NZT-48 的实际效用：一杯咖啡或绿茶的效果

NZT-48 的实际效果大致相当于喝一杯咖啡或绿茶。对健康成人而言，其成分中的咖啡因和 EGCG 可能提供一些益处，但整体效果有限。NZT-48 的问题在于成分太多，剂量不足，导致它无法提供真正有效的认知提升。市场价为每月 60 美元的 NZT-48，可以通过更便宜的单一成分替代，如咖啡因、绿茶提取物等，获得类似效果。总体来说，NZT-48 的性价比低，安全性也令人担忧。

Keywords

💡NZT-48

NZT-48 是一种号称能够显著提升认知功能的补充剂。视频详细分析了其成分和效用，指出其效果可能不如宣传所称，主要依赖于像咖啡因这样的已知成分。通过对其成分分析，NZT-48 的效果与饮用咖啡或绿茶类似。

💡临床试验

临床试验指的是在人类身上进行的科学研究，用于验证补充剂或药物的有效性和安全性。视频提到 NZT-48 缺乏人体临床试验的支持，因此无法充分证明其效用，尤其是针对健康人群。

💡稀释效应

稀释效应是指 NZT-48 含有多达 23 种成分，但每种成分的剂量很低，平均只有 32 毫克。这导致其中的大多数成分的剂量不足，无法发挥其应有的功效。

💡阿尔茨海默病

阿尔茨海默病是一种主要影响记忆和认知功能的神经退行性疾病。视频中提到，某些成分（如 Alpha GPC 和 Huperzine A）对阿尔茨海默病患者可能有效，但在健康个体中的效用尚未得到证实。

💡咖啡因

咖啡因是一种已知能够提高警觉性和认知表现的成分。视频中指出，NZT-48 中大多数的认知增强效果可能主要来自咖啡因。咖啡因在健康个体中的认知提升效果相对明确，但视频批评 NZT-48 中未标明其具体含量，增加了潜在风险。

💡绿茶提取物（EGCG）

EGCG 是从绿茶中提取的一种抗氧化剂，可能在与咖啡因结合时略微提高认知功能。视频指出 NZT-48 中可能包含 EGCG，但其剂量远低于研究所显示的有效水平。

💡Alpha GPC

Alpha GPC 是一种胆碱补充剂，可能通过增加乙酰胆碱的水平来增强认知功能。尽管有研究显示它对阿尔茨海默病患者有效，但在健康成人中缺乏相应的临床支持。

💡Huperzine A

Huperzine A 是一种乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，可能通过增加乙酰胆碱水平来提高记忆和认知功能。视频中提到它对阿尔茨海默病患者有一定的帮助，但对健康个体效果尚未得到证实。

Highlights

NZT-48 claims to be a cutting-edge brain booster, but lacks solid scientific evidence supporting its benefits for healthy individuals.

Most studies on cognitive supplements, including ingredients in NZT-48, focus on individuals with cognitive problems like Alzheimer's or dementia.

Many ingredients in NZT-48 are based on theoretical studies conducted on cells and animals, not humans.

Human clinical trials are essential to confirm the safety and efficacy of supplements, which NZT-48 lacks.

Alpha GPC, found in NZT-48, has shown benefits in Alzheimer's patients, but only at doses much higher than NZT-48 provides.

Prolonged use of Alpha GPC may increase the risk of stroke, making it potentially harmful for healthy individuals.

EGCG, found in green tea, may slightly improve cognitive function, but doses in NZT-48 are likely too low for any significant effect.

Caffeine and guarana are the primary ingredients responsible for any cognitive effects in NZT-48.

Several mood-improving ingredients like 5-HTP, Ashwagandha, and Rhodiola lack evidence of boosting cognition in healthy adults.

NZT-48 contains too many ingredients in too small doses, leading to a dilution effect, reducing its overall effectiveness.

The supplement includes ingredients like L-theanine and N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, which may have potential, but their doses in NZT-48 are insufficient.

B vitamins in NZT-48, such as B6 and B12, have no proven impact on cognitive function in healthy adults.

Huperzine A has shown promise in treating Alzheimer's disease but is unlikely to benefit cognition in healthy adults.

NZT-48's high price, at $60 per month, can be significantly reduced by purchasing its key ingredients individually for around $8-13 per month.

The overall rating for NZT-48 is a D, with concerns about its effectiveness, cost, and safety, making it a poor choice for cognitive enhancement.

Transcripts

NZT-48 claims to be the ultimate brain booster.

But does it really work?

Let’s dive into the research and break it all down to see if NZT-48 is really what it

claims to be.

A major problem with supplements like NZT-48, which market themselves as cutting-edge with

state-of-the-art ingredients, is the lack of solid evidence supporting the claimed benefits.

Many of these “cutting-edge” ingredients rely on theoretical studies conducted on cells

and animals, not actual humans.

While they offer valuable insights, they’re insufficient proof of benefits in humans.

Human clinical trials are essential to establish safety and efficacy, providing direct evidence

of real benefits and potential risks.

Furthermore, for supplements that have shown promise in improving cognitive function,

the research often focuses on individuals with cognitive problems like Alzheimer's or

dementia, not healthy individuals.

Think of it like antibiotics – they treat bacterial infections and help to heal sick

individuals, but taking them without an infection isn’t going to enhance your health any further.

Similarly, many cognitive supplements may be beneficial for specific cognitive conditions,

and are better at addressing deficits rather than enhancing brain function in generally

healthy individuals.

Another issue with supplements like NZT-48, which cram like a million ingredients into

their formula, is the dilution effect.

Each capsule of NZT-48 contains 750 mg in total.

With 23 listed ingredients in their proprietary blend, that averages out to a mere 32 mg per

ingredient – a tiny amount.

Of course they won’t actually have the same quantity, but quantity matters in supplements;

inadequate doses lead to suboptimal results or just no noticeable effects.

Taking a supplement with a dosage well below the recommended level, even if it's known

to be beneficial, won't be beneficial.

So how do we determine what the recommended level is for supplements?

Well we turn to research, examining human trials on these supplements to identify doses

that demonstrate benefits.

This is yet another reason why we need human clinical trials to back the use of supplements.

So as we analyze the ingredients in NZT-48, you’ll find these common problems consistently

emerge, raising questions about its true efficacy.

Alpha GPC, a type of choline, is an essential nutrient naturally found in some foods, such as eggs.

While there is evidence that Alpha GPC could enhance cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients,

the positive effects were observed at doses of 1200 mg daily for up to 6 months, far beyond

what NZT-48 provides,

and specifically in individuals with Alzheimer's, not in healthy adults.

The notion that Alpha GPC might boost cognition in healthy adults stems from the idea that

it serves as a precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.

Advocates suggest that consistent use of Alpha GPC could raise acetylcholine levels in the

brain, potentially benefiting cognitive functions.

However, this idea lacks support from actual human trials and there is no scientific evidence

to substantiate this claim in those without Alzheimer’s.

In fact, prolonged use of Alpha GPC supplements has been associated with a significantly higher

risk of stroke.

So, unless you have a specific reason, such as Alzheimer's, to take it, it's probably

a good idea to avoid using Alpha GPC.

EGCG, found in green tea and its extracts, may slightly improve cognitive function when

combined with caffeine, although some studies show no clear benefits.

To see modest improvements, doses of around 100-200 mg are needed, equivalent to roughly

1-2 cups of green tea.

Caffeine and guarana, essentially another source of caffeine, are known for boosting

mental alertness and enhancing cognitive performance.

The caffeine in NZT-48 is likely responsible for most, if not all, of its cognitive effects.

However, the exact amount of caffeine in NZT-48 is unclear, making it a bit riskier to use,

especially for those sensitive to caffeine's potential side effects.

While 5-HTP, Ashwagandha, and Rhodiola have demonstrated benefits in mood improvement,

such as managing stress, depression, or anxiety, there's no human evidence suggesting they

can enhance cognition.

Additionally, the doses used in studies are in the several hundreds of milligrams per

day, likely much higher than what NZT-48 contains.

Theobromine, found in dark chocolate and cocoa extracts, has conflicting research regarding

its impact on cognitive function in healthy adults.

In older adults, cocoa doesn't appear to boost cognition.

In younger adults, it shows some improvement in certain cognitive measures,

but the effective doses in these studies ranged from 500 to 900 mg per day – significantly

higher than what NZT-48 likely offers.

Benfotiamine, a fat-soluble form of vitamin B1, along with B vitamins like B6, B12, and

folic acid, plays vital roles in brain health.

However, studies consistently reveal that supplementing with these vitamins doesn't

noticeably affect cognitive function.

The widely held belief that vitamin B12 enhances cognitive function has been long debunked

by the research, showing no cognitive improvement in healthy adults with B12 supplementation.

Phenylalanine, an amino acid, has been studied for its potential cognitive benefits in ADHD,

but research suggests no advantages over a placebo.

Research suggests that taking acetyl-L-carnitine may enhance certain aspects of cognitive function

and memory in elderly individuals experiencing age-related cognitive decline.

However, the positive effects observed were at doses of 1500-2000 mg daily for a period

of 3 months, specifically in elderly patients with cognitive deficits, not in healthy adults.

N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, a more soluble form of L-tyrosine, and L-theanine, are amino acids

that actually show decent potential for improving cognitive function,

especially in individuals facing stress or anxiety.

They’re often combined with caffeine, though it's unclear if adding L-theanine enhances

cognitive performance beyond caffeine alone.

The effective doses, particularly for tyrosine, are quite high, likely exceeding what NZT-48

provides.

Gingko biloba is often studied for its use in enhancing cognition in patients with conditions

like dementia.

It has also shown potential benefits for cognitive function in healthy adults.

However, the doses studied range from 240-360 mg, likely surpassing what NZT-48 provides.

Additionally, these studies often utilize specialized or standardized extracts like

GK501 or EGb 761, whereas NZT-48 relies on generic ginkgo extracts.

Derived from the herb Bacopa monnieri, bacopaside is a compound with some evidence suggesting

it could enhance certain cognitive measures in healthy adults,

although the data is conflicting.

Nevertheless, the doses studied in healthy adults are in the hundreds of milligrams per

day, likely exceeding what NZT-48 provides.

NADH, a coenzyme involved in various body reactions, lacks any human trials supporting

its use to enhance cognitive function in healthy adults.

As a crucial building block for nerve cells, phosphatidylserine shows promise in addressing

age-related cognitive decline.

Studies with individuals experiencing cognitive decline indicate that taking 100 mg of phosphatidylserine

three times daily for up to 6 months may improve various cognitive functions.

However, the cognitive benefits of phosphatidylserine for healthy individuals remain uncertain.

Uridine-5 Monophosphate is one of several nucleotide supplements with mainly theoretical

evidence for health benefits but lacks solid human trials.

Also known as Cowhage, Mucuna pruriens is a traditional Ayurvedic herb with weak evidence

supporting its use in Parkinson's disease due to its high L-DOPA content.

However, there is no evidence suggesting its usefulness for cognition.

Rauwolscine hasn't shown any evidence of being helpful for cognitive function.

What's more, it might not be safe to use, and Health Canada has banned it as a supplement ingredient.

Huperzine A, derived from plants like Chinese club moss, is known as an

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

In simpler terms, it blocks an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, leading to increased

levels of acetylcholine in the brain.

This boost in acetylcholine may enhance communication between neurons, potentially benefiting cognitive processes.

In Alzheimer's disease, Huperzine A has shown promise in improving memory, cognitive function,

and behavior.

It's actually commonly used in China for treating this condition.

However, when it comes to healthy adults, Huperzine A likely doesn't have much impact

on cognition.

Additionally, the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like Huperzine A doesn't seem to

offer significant benefits for individuals without Alzheimer's disease.

So let's break down what we've discussed here.

First, let's eliminate ingredients with no evidence supporting cognitive improvement.

These are likely added just to fill out the ingredient list, as there's no sound scientific backing.

Next, let's remove ingredients that, despite having some research related to cognition,

haven't shown any real benefits – they're no more effective than a placebo.

Now, identify ingredients helpful for mood but not likely to boost cognitive performance directly.

Moving on, recognize ingredients with benefits for cognitive performance but mainly in individuals

with cognitive issues like dementia.

These may not be very useful for those who are healthy.

Now, identify ingredients that have shown possible cognitive benefits for healthy individuals

and assess the strength of their evidence.

Finally, we eliminate all ingredients that likely use doses that are too low to provide

any benefit.

This leads us to three potentially useful ingredients:

caffeine and guarana, of which we don’t have an exact caffeine dose,

EGCG, of which I’m being quite generous here because the realistic dose of green tea

for significant benefits is quite high, and Huperzine A.

Among these, only caffeine and EGCG provide benefits for healthy adults.

The remaining ingredients either do not benefit cognition in healthy adults, or have doses

that are too low to do anything useful.

So, let's assess the effectiveness of NZT-48 on improving cognitive function.

Is it truly the ultimate brain booster?

I'd say it’s likely similar to having a cup or two of coffee or green tea.

For healthy adults, it's probably not significantly more effective than taking a combination of

caffeine and a green tea extract.

If you're dealing with Alzheimer's disease, the additional Huperzine A could potentially

offer some benefits.

The major issue with NZT-48 isn't necessarily the choice of ingredients.

Many of the ingredients aren't bad for a brain-boosting supplement, and there's evidence supporting

their use.

The real problem is that NZT-48 has tried to cram almost every possible ingredient they

could think of into one pill.

This approach makes it nearly impossible to get a therapeutic dose of nearly all of them.

As a result, we have a supplement that is only able to provide therapeutic doses of

caffeine, Huperzine A, and possibly EGCG.

NZT-48 is selling for around $60 per month.

If I wanted to replicate its effects in a safer and probably more effective way, I would

combine caffeine, green tea extract, and Huperzine A.

Generic caffeine is $1-2 a month.

A good quality EGCG extract is $3-5 a month.

Huperzine A is around $4-6 a month, although you could likely skip this ingredient if you

don’t suffer from Alzheimer's.

So getting all the ingredients individually will cost around $8-13 a month.

Rating NZT-48 by effectiveness for improving cognition, I’m giving it a C. It’ll functionally

be about as good as drinking a cup of coffee or green tea.

Rating it by cost, I’m giving it a D. It can be easily replicated at a much cheaper

cost by getting the generic ingredients individually.

Rating it for safety, I’m giving it a D.

There are a number of ingredients that have the potential to interfere with medications,

and because they mix in so many of them, it’s hard to fully untangle all the possible side effects.

Overall rating, I’m giving a D. I would not recommend it at all.

Hi, I’m Dr. Brian Yeung.

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