Lewis Coser: Analisa Fungsional tentang Konflik

Summary

This video explores the functional analysis of social conflict through the lens of sociologist Lewis Coser. It contrasts the structural-functionalist view that sees conflict as harmful, with Coser's perspective that conflict can have positive effects, such as strengthening in-group bonds. Coser's theory highlights that conflicts between groups can enhance group cohesion and contribute to social change. The video also touches on how conflicts are managed within groups and the differences between explicit and repressed conflicts. Coser argues that conflict plays a crucial role in the evolution of social structures.

Takeaways

• ⚽ Supporters of a football club, such as Persib fans known as Bobotoh, experience stronger group identity during conflict or competition.
• ⚔️ Conflict is traditionally viewed as negative, but sociologist Lewis Coser highlights its functional and positive aspects.
• 📚 Coser's theory of functional analysis of conflict draws on earlier sociological ideas, including in-group and out-group dynamics.
• 👥 Conflict strengthens group identity, especially in-group cohesion, as members unite against an opposing out-group.
• 🔄 Coser expands on previous theories by examining how conflict contributes to social structure changes, not just group dynamics.
• 🤝 Internal conflict can still exist within in-groups, even when they are united against an external group.
• 😶 In intimate groups, such as families, conflicts are often repressed or internalized rather than expressed openly.
• 💥 Repressed conflicts can eventually lead to explosive outbursts or shifts in group relations, such as divorce or relationship breakdown.
• 💡 Coser distinguishes between realistic conflicts, which have clear goals, and nonrealistic conflicts, driven by emotional hostility.
• 🚨 Social conflicts can act as warning signs or 'alarms,' highlighting issues within society and prompting structural changes.

Q & A

Who is Lewis Coser and what is his contribution to sociology?

Lewis Coser was a sociologist born in Berlin in 1913 and passed away in Cambridge on July 8. He is known for his contributions to the functional analysis of conflict, particularly through his work 'The Functions of Social Conflict,' which explores how conflict can have both negative and positive dimensions in social structures.

What is the main idea behind Coser's functional analysis of conflict?

Coser argues that conflict is not inherently negative. Instead, it has functional aspects that can strengthen group solidarity, particularly in the formation of 'in-groups,' and contribute to social change by challenging existing structures.

How does Coser's view of conflict differ from traditional structural-functionalism?

Traditional structural-functionalism, like the theories of Talcott Parsons, often views conflict as disruptive and harmful. In contrast, Coser believes conflict can be beneficial by reinforcing group cohesion and enabling social change.

What is meant by 'in-group' and 'out-group' in Coser's theory?

An 'in-group' refers to a group to which an individual feels a strong sense of belonging, often reinforced during conflicts with an 'out-group,' or opposing group. Coser highlights how conflict with an out-group can strengthen the cohesion and morale within the in-group.

Can conflict exist within an 'in-group'? How does Coser explain this?

Yes, Coser explains that conflict can occur within an 'in-group.' This may happen due to competition for resources or social recognition among members. The presence of external conflict does not eliminate internal tensions.

How does Coser differentiate between conflicts in primary and secondary groups?

Coser notes that in primary groups, where emotional involvement is high (such as family), conflicts are often repressed or unexpressed. In secondary groups, such as professional organizations, conflicts are more likely to be expressed openly due to the lower emotional investment.

What are the potential consequences of repressed conflict in primary groups?

Repressed conflict in primary groups, such as families, can lead to two outcomes: either the relationship may break down, such as through divorce, or the conflict may be displaced onto other issues or expressed indirectly, such as through sarcasm or blaming others.

What is a 'safety valve' in Coser's theory of conflict?

A 'safety valve' refers to a mechanism through which conflict is not directly expressed but is redirected toward other, less harmful outlets. For example, sports competitions or protests can act as safety valves for releasing social tension.

What is the difference between realistic and nonrealistic conflict, according to Coser?

Realistic conflict arises from specific, tangible goals, such as territorial disputes. Once these goals are achieved, the conflict tends to resolve. Nonrealistic conflict, on the other hand, is driven by emotional hostility or aggression, which continues even after the original cause is addressed.

How can conflict lead to social change, according to Coser?

Coser believes that conflict can stimulate social change by highlighting underlying issues within society. When conflicts are managed effectively, they can lead to the restructuring of social systems and the creation of new norms or institutions to address societal problems.