BPUPKI - Sejarah Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia

Summary

In 1944, amidst the Pacific War, Japan's military position was weakening, leading to the formation of the Investigative Body for the Preparation of Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI) in March 1945. Chaired by Radjiman Wedyodiningrat, it aimed to draft Indonesia's independence. Key figures like Soekarno and Mohammad Hatta were involved. After discussions and debates, the Jakarta Charter was formulated, outlining the Pancasila as the philosophical foundation of the future Indonesian state. The BPUPKI concluded its work in August 1945, having laid the groundwork for Indonesia's independence.

Takeaways

• 🇯🇵 In 1944, Japan's position in the Pacific War was increasingly pressured, leading to a weakening of their military stance and the rise of rebellion in Indonesia.
• 📅 On March 1, 1945, the Japanese government in Java, led by Chairul Kumakici Harada, established the Investigative Body for the Preparation of Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI).
• 🏆 Radjiman Wedyodiningrat was appointed as the head of BPUPKI, with two young leaders, a Japanese named Shucokan Cirebon and an Indonesian named RP Soeroso, assisting as secretariat heads.
• 📝 The main task of BPUPKI was to conduct research on the preparations for Indonesian independence, leading to the formation of several working committees.
• 🗣️ On May 29, 1945, Muhammad Yamin proposed five principles that would form the basis of the state in his speech, including nationalism, humanity, belief in one God, democracy, and people's welfare.
• 📜 On May 31, 1945, Professor Doctor Soepomo discussed five basic principles related to the state, including national unity, religious connection, social system, and international relations, without explicitly stating them as state foundations.
• 🌟 On June 1, 1945, Engineer Soekarno presented the philosophical foundations of the Indonesian state, also consisting of five principles: Indonesian nationalism, internationalism, consensus or democracy, and belief in one supreme God.
• 📝 The term 'Pancasila' was coined by a language expert upon Soekarno's instruction, which later became the basis of the Indonesian state.
• 📆 The Jakarta Charter (Piagam Jakarta) was formulated on June 22, 1945, by a smaller committee led by Soekarno, which included the five philosophical principles of the Indonesian state.
• 🏛️ The second BPUPKI session took place from July 10 to July 17, 1945, discussing the draft of the Constitution and its preamble, which was based on the Jakarta Charter.
• 📉 On August 7, 1945, after completing its tasks, BPUPKI was dissolved.

Q & A

What was the situation of Japanese forces in the Pacific war in 1944?

The Japanese forces were under increasing pressure in various battlefields, suffering defeats, and facing uprisings from the Indonesian people, leading to a precarious and weakened position.

Why did Japan attempt to gain sympathy from the Indonesian people?

Despite the looming defeat, Japan tried to win over the Indonesian people by promising them independence in the future.

What was the full name of the body formed by the Japanese government in Java in March 1945?

The body formed was called Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or in Japanese, Dokuritsu Hyundai Cosakai.

Who was appointed as the chairman of BPUPKI?

Radjiman Wedyodiningrat was appointed as the chairman of BPUPKI.

Who were the two young leaders appointed as vice-chairmen of BPUPKI?

The two young leaders appointed as vice-chairmen were Shucokan Cirebon, a Japanese, and RP Soeroso.

What was the main task of BPUPKI?

The main task of BPUPKI was to conduct research on the preparations for Indonesian independence.

What significant event occurred on May 2, 1945, related to BPUPKI?

On May 2, 1945, the appointment of BPUPKI members took place, coinciding with the birthday of the Japanese Emperor, Tenno Heika.

What were the five principles proposed by Muhammad Yamin in his speech on May 29, 1945?

Muhammad Yamin proposed five principles: 1) One nation, 2) Humanity, 3) God's sovereignty, 4) Trikora (threefold unity), and 5) The welfare of the people.

What were the five basic principles discussed by Profesor Doktor Mister Soepomo on May 31, 1945?

Profesor Doktor Mister Soepomo discussed five principles: 1) Nationalism, 2) Religion, 3) Socialism, 4) Democracy, and 5) International relations.

What five principles did Soekarno present in his speech on June 1, 1945, and what were they later called?

Soekarno presented five principles: 1) Indonesian nationalism, 2) Internationalism or humanitarianism, 3) Consensus or democracy, 4) Special, and 5) The belief in one supreme God. These principles were later named Pancasila.

What was the outcome of the BPUPKI meeting from May 29 to June 1, 1945?

The outcome was the establishment of the Jakarta Charter, which included the five principles of the Indonesian state, although there was no consensus on the state's foundation.

What was the final product of the work by the 'Panitia Sembilan' or 'Nine Committee' after the BPUPKI was dissolved?

The final product was the formulation of the opening of the Constitution, which included the Pancasila as the state's foundation, and it became the opening of the 1945 Constitution.