Biodiversity and Evolution Grade 9 Unit 1 Module 3

Summary

This educational session delves into biodiversity and evolution, highlighting the environmental challenges faced by species like the Philippine Tarsier and the Monkey-eating Eagle. It emphasizes the impact of human activities on habitat loss and species endangerment, covering issues like deforestation, water and air pollution, and the consequences of these actions on ecosystems. The session also touches on the importance of responsible tourism and actions to mitigate the threats to biodiversity and the environment.

Takeaways

• 🌿 The Philippine Tarsier and the Monkey-eating Eagle are two endangered species native to the Philippines, highlighting the importance of biodiversity conservation.
• 🌳 Biodiversity refers to the variety of life-forms in an area, with examples like coral reefs, while population refers to a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.
• 🏝️ Human activities, such as habitat destruction, are accelerating the rate of extinction, emphasizing the need for immediate conservation efforts.
• 🐘 Extinct species, like the Woolly Mammoth, are gone forever, while threatened and endangered species are at risk of following suit if conservation efforts are not increased.
• 🏞️ Deforestation, including illegal logging and conversion of land for agriculture or housing, leads to soil erosion, loss of wildlife, and depletion of biodiversity.
• 🌊 Water pollution, including eutrophication and fish kills, is often a result of nutrient overload from domestic waste and can severely impact aquatic ecosystems.
• 🌫️ Air pollution from car emissions and factory chemicals contributes to health hazards and climate change, with carbon dioxide being a major greenhouse gas.
• 🌡️ Global warming, an increase in Earth's global temperature, can alter climate patterns and is exacerbated by human activities that release pollutants into the atmosphere.
• 🐠 Destruction of marine habitats, including coral reefs and mangroves, is a significant issue affecting coastal communities and the health of marine ecosystems.
• 🏖️ Responsible tourism and sustainable practices are crucial for preserving marine habitats and ensuring the well-being of coastal environments.

Q & A

What is the main topic of discussion for the science class session?

The main topic of discussion for the science class session is biodiversity and evolution, focusing on environmental problems affecting communities both locally and globally.

Which two animals are mentioned in the script as examples of endangered species in the Philippines?

The two animals mentioned in the script as examples of endangered species in the Philippines are the Philippine Tarsier and the Monkey-eating Eagle.

What does the term 'biodiversity' refer to in the context of the script?

In the context of the script, 'biodiversity' refers to the variety of life-forms in an area, such as coral reefs with plenty of fishes.

How does the script differentiate between a threatened, endangered, and extinct species?

A threatened species is one where the population is beginning to decline. An endangered species has a very low population, nearly extinct. An extinct species is one where the very last member has died.

What are the consequences of deforestation mentioned in the script?

The consequences of deforestation mentioned in the script include soil erosion, loss of wildlife resources, and depletion of wildlife, which can lead to species being threatened, endangered, or extinct.

What is eutrophication and how does it relate to water pollution?

Eutrophication is a major water pollution problem where nutrients from domestic waste become concentrated, leading to excessive growth of water plants like water lilies or green algae, which can deplete oxygen in the water and cause fish kills.

How does the script describe the impact of air pollution on human health and the planet?

The script describes air pollution as the release of pollutants such as car emissions, dust, or chemicals from factories into the air, which can be dangerous to human health and the planet.

What is the greenhouse effect and how is it related to global warming according to the script?

The greenhouse effect is a natural process where certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat that would otherwise radiate back into space. The script relates it to global warming by stating that human activities that pollute the atmosphere can increase the amount of these gases, leading to an increase in Earth's global temperature and changing climate patterns.

What are some of the human activities mentioned in the script that can destroy marine habitats?

Some human activities mentioned in the script that can destroy marine habitats include pollution, deforestation, coastal tourism, illegal fishing practices like dynamite fishing and cyanide fishing, and the conversion of natural coastal areas to beach resorts.

What is the script's message regarding the responsibility of humans towards wildlife and their habitats?

The script emphasizes that humans have a duty to act now to save endangered species from extinction and to protect biodiversity. It also highlights the importance of responsible tourism and sustainable practices to maintain the well-being of ecosystems while meeting human needs.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Biodiversity and Endangered Species

The session focuses on biodiversity and evolution, particularly environmental issues affecting communities. It introduces the Philippine Tarsier and the Monkey-eating Eagle, both of which are endangered species unique to the Philippines. The discussion emphasizes the importance of human action in preventing their extinction. Biodiversity is defined as the variety of life-forms in an area, with examples like coral reefs, while population refers to groups of the same species living together. The session contrasts biodiversity levels between a coconut plantation and a coral reef sanctuary, highlighting the importance of biodiversity and the impact of human activities on habitats and species.

05:02

🏞️ Environmental Problems and Habitat Loss

This paragraph delves into the environmental problems affecting communities, such as deforestation, illegal logging, and the conversion of natural habitats for human use. It discusses the consequences of these activities, including soil erosion, depletion of wildlife resources, and the endangerment or extinction of species. The paragraph also addresses the impact of human activities on biodiversity and the specific threats to species, such as the Philippine Tarsier and the Monkey-eating Eagle. It emphasizes the need for immediate action to protect these species and their habitats.

10:04

🌊 Impacts of Human Activities on Marine Ecosystems

The paragraph discusses the various ways human activities affect marine ecosystems, including pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. It highlights the importance of coastal habitats such as coral reefs and mangroves, which serve as nurseries for marine life. The paragraph also covers the negative impacts of activities like dynamite fishing, coastal tourism, and the conversion of natural coastal areas into resorts. It stresses the need for responsible tourism and sustainable practices to preserve marine ecosystems and the livelihoods that depend on them.

15:06

🏖️ Responsible Tourism and Marine Ecosystems

This final paragraph emphasizes the importance of responsible tourism in preserving marine ecosystems. It acknowledges the economic benefits of tourism but also the risks it poses to marine habitats. The paragraph calls for a balance between economic development and environmental conservation, urging tourists to be mindful of their impact on the environment. It concludes with a reminder of the importance of sustainable practices to ensure the well-being of marine ecosystems for future generations.

Keywords

💡Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life-forms in an area, encompassing a wide range of species, ecosystems, and their interactions. In the video, biodiversity is highlighted as a crucial aspect of the natural world, with examples such as coral reefs teeming with various fish species. The script emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for maintaining ecological balance and the negative impacts of human activities, such as deforestation, which can lead to a reduction in biodiversity.

💡Evolution

Evolution is the process by which species of organisms change over time through genetic variation and natural selection. Although not explicitly detailed in the script, the concept of evolution is inherently linked to biodiversity, as it explains how different species have come to exist and adapt to their environments. The video touches on the historical presence of species like the Philippine tarsier, illustrating the evolutionary changes that have occurred over millions of years.

💡Endangered Species

Endangered species are those that are at risk of extinction due to a very low population and various threats to their survival. The script mentions the Philippine tarsier and the monkey-eating eagle as examples of endangered species in the Philippines. These animals are highlighted to underscore the urgency of conservation efforts, as their existence is threatened by habitat loss and other human activities.

💡Habitat Loss

Habitat loss occurs when the natural environment of a species is destroyed or significantly altered, reducing the area available for their survival. The video script discusses habitat loss as a major environmental problem caused by human activities such as deforestation, illegal logging, and urbanization. It is presented as a primary driver of biodiversity decline and species endangerment, directly impacting the survival of species like the Philippine tarsier and the monkey-eating eagle.

💡Deforestation

Deforestation is the large-scale clearing of forests, often for agricultural or development purposes. The script identifies deforestation as a significant environmental issue, leading to soil erosion, loss of wildlife, and a decrease in biodiversity. It is mentioned as a cause of habitat loss, which in turn affects the survival of various species, including those that are endangered.

💡Eutrophication

Eutrophication is the process where an excess of nutrients in a body of water leads to a dense growth of plant life, which can deplete oxygen levels and harm aquatic life. The video script uses the example of water bodies filled with water lilies or green algae to illustrate eutrophication, a major form of water pollution that results from human activities such as the disposal of domestic waste.

💡Air Pollution

Air pollution refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air, often resulting from human activities like vehicle emissions and industrial processes. The script discusses air pollution as a significant environmental problem, with examples of harmful gases and particulates that can impact human health and the planet. It is linked to the broader issue of climate change, as pollutants like carbon dioxide contribute to the greenhouse effect.

💡Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is a natural process where certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat, helping to maintain the planet's temperature. The script explains that human-induced air pollution, particularly the emission of carbon dioxide, enhances this effect, leading to global warming. This is a critical concept in understanding how human activities can influence climate patterns and contribute to environmental changes.

💡Marine Habitats

Marine habitats refer to the environments in which marine life, such as fish and other aquatic organisms, live. The video script discusses the threats to marine habitats due to human activities like pollution, coastal tourism, and illegal fishing practices. It emphasizes the importance of these habitats for biodiversity and the need for responsible tourism and sustainable practices to protect them.

💡Illegal Fishing

Illegal fishing encompasses practices that violate laws and regulations designed to protect marine life and ecosystems. The script mentions methods such as dynamite fishing and cyanide fishing, which are harmful not only to the targeted species but also to the overall health of marine habitats. These practices contribute to the depletion of fish stocks and the destruction of coral reefs, illustrating the need for sustainable fishing methods.

Highlights

Introduction to the discussion on biodiversity and evolution in Science 9, focusing on environmental problems affecting communities.

The Philippine Tarsier, once widespread, now only found in select islands due to habitat loss.

The Monkey-eating Eagle, endemic to the Philippines, is threatened by habitat destruction.

The importance of human action in preventing the extinction of endangered species like the Philippine Tarsier and the Monkey-eating Eagle.

Definition of biodiversity as the variety of life-forms in an area, with examples like coral reefs.

Comparison of biodiversity levels between a coconut plantation and a coral reef sanctuary.

Explanation of population as a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.

The impact of human activities on habitat loss and the acceleration of species extinction rates.

Differentiation between threatened, endangered, and extinct species, with examples provided.

The consequences of deforestation, including soil erosion and wildlife depletion.

The impact of human population growth on the need for space and food production, leading to habitat destruction.

Water pollution issues, such as eutrophication and fish kills, caused by nutrient concentration from domestic waste.

Air pollution dangers, including car emissions and factory chemicals, and their effects on human health and the environment.

The greenhouse effect and global warming, caused by excessive carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere.

Destruction of marine habitats in the Philippines due to human activities, affecting coastal resources.

The role of coastal ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves in maintaining the health of coastal areas.

Human activities contributing to marine habitat destruction, including pollution, deforestation, and illegal fishing practices.

The importance of responsible tourism and sustainable practices to protect marine ecosystems.

Transcripts

one welcome to my class for today's

session we are going to discuss unit 1

module 3 of science 9 which is all about

biodiversity and evolution for this

session we are going to focus on some of

the environmental problems that affect a

community both locally and globally if

you're ready let's begin are you

familiar with these animals yes

congratulations

the animal on the left side of the

screen is known as the philippine

tarsier did you know that million years

ago

tarsiers have inhabited green forests

around the world but now they exist on

only a few islands in the Philippines

Borneo and Indonesia we are very lucky

because involve the philippine tarsier

was a common sight to behold in the

southern part of the philippine islands

wind up with that we deserve a happy

base the animal on the right side of the

screen is called a monkey eating eagle

obviously monkey eating Eagles loved to

eat monkeys the philippine eagle is a

giant bird of prey in monkey eater that

can only be seen in poor islands in the

philippines Luzon Samar Leyte and

Mindanao it is considered to be one of

the largest and most powerful among

poorest Raptors sad to say this love the

animals of our own are in the verge of

extinction they are now considered

endangered animals that is why as human

we should do something that will help

save them from being extinct and it is

our duty to act now before it's too late

now

let's have a short recall of what by

diversity and population mean by

diversity means variety of life-forms in

an area

examples are Paris coral reefs with

plenty of fishes etc now I want you to

take a look at the top pictures on the

screen the first picture is a coconut

plantation while the second one is a

coral reef sanctuary with plenty of

fishes can you identify which picture

shows high level of biodiversity yes you

are correct

coral reefs with different kinds of

aquatic species are more diverse than

that of a hawk on a plantation

population on the other hand refers to a

group of organisms of the same species

living in a certain place from the

pictures we can say that marine

ecosystem has different groups of

organisms of the same species in a

certain place than a coconut plantation

with lesser group of different organisms

being dominated by coconut trees in

other words marine ecosystem has more

populations than coconut plantation with

only one species that dominates if you

are going to take a glimpse of the two

short video clips on the screen you will

notice that forests on the left side of

the screen has high level of

biodiversity than the city on the right

side with low biodiversity the arrow

between these two short video clips

tells us that human actions have

resulted in habitat loss that has

accelerated the rate of extinction as

the saying goes we are the creators of

our own

destiny but for other animals if we will

continue converting their natural

habitats into cities sad to see their

destiny really depends on us animal

species may either be threatened

endangered or extinct threatened species

are those species were in their

population begin to decline and they

judge species on the other hand are

those species were in their position is

so low that it is nearly extinct while

extinct species are those species in

which the very last member died take a

look at the three pictures on the screen

which do you think is considered an

extinct animal yes you are right

woolly mammoths are extinct relatives of

today's elephants Eagles and archers are

both threatened and endangered animals

it is no secret that human activities

actually affect the community where we

live in the first picture shows illegal

logging of woods from the forests the

video next to it shows a smoke released

by a factory and the third video shows a

contaminated River because of direct

disposal of domestic waste we are

actually accelerating the rate of

habitat loss and extinction now let's

discuss some of the environmental

problems affecting the community first

we have the forest station the forest

station means cutting down of trees

for agricultural or cultivation purposes

it has the following causes first came

in farming which refers to the

traditional clearing of land by slashing

down and burning of trees for

cultivation and agricultural purposes it

is considered one of the destructive

agricultural system system being

practiced in many countries second we

have illegal lodging which refers to

harvesting transporting of words from

protected palace areas or exceeding

logging corpus that is in violation of

laws logging is legal for as long as it

is not exceeding logging cota and the

forest is not a protected forest areas

as declared by the law third we have

type wounds and lastly we have the

conversion of agricultural land for

housing projects the power station may

result to the following consequences

Bloods soil erosion the grease Wildlife

Resources that will lead to while the

police wildlife depletion wildlife

depletion happens as a result of human

activities such as deforestation as a

result many species are for phoenician

of animals may either be threatened

endangered or extinct nearly human

population keeps on growing every year

hence a need for bigger space for

shelter and for food production humans

occupying many natural habitats that are

supposedly occupied by some wildlife

plants and

the forestation is one of the major

causes of wildlife species depletion and

no bird biodiversity a lack of

biodiversity means that means that

future generations will have to deal

with an environment where there is fewer

source of fresh water and plants being

destroyed by pests

another environmental issue that the

affect the community is water pollution

have you seen a river or a lake full of

water lilies or green algae that blooms

above its water yes it is because of the

so called eutrophication a major water

pollution problem in many bodies of

water it happens when the nutrients

coming from domestic waste become

concentrated

nootropic ation is a slow process and it

takes place naturally but due to human

activities it happens at the pasture

away fish kills also known as fish

die-offs is usually caused by ecological

hypoxia or oxygen depletion in bodies of

water

what about by high temperature thermal

pollution and algae blooms another

environmental issue is air pollution it

refers the air pollutants released into

the air that include car emissions dust

or chemical released by factories that

may be suspended as particles which are

dangerous to human health and the planet

look at those short video clips on the

screen what is common on these three

Beach blips

yes it is it only shows that human

activities can actually valued our

atmosphere it is very unsafe for us to

breathe in and out in this place as full

of deadly gases we are the main

contributor of polluting our atmosphere

as we continue these activities we are

actually creating a huge blanket of

carbon dioxide gases in the atmosphere

carbon dioxide on the other hand is a

gas capable of holding or trapping the

heat that must be radiated back into

space as a result a greenhouse effect

may be experienced by many of us

greenhouse effect is actually a natural

process but because of human activities

that pollute the atmosphere we may

experience too much heat that could lead

to global warming global warming is

simply an increase in the Earth's global

temperature that can change climate

patterns

lastly the environmental problem that we

are facing now is the destruction of

marine habitats in the Philippines many

people depend on the natural resources

that coastal areas has to offer but due

to man's activities many of these

resources remain in danger it is a

process wherein many environmental

habitat is lost

color rips and mangrove forests help

keep the coastal areas healthy which

also serves as the nursery ground for

fishes and other aquatic and mouse

some of the activities of humans that

may destroy Moline habitat include the

polluting purse we have deforestation

deforestation may affect the bodies of

water were cut down logs will go

straight to the river or a leak also

soil from the land we go straight to the

river forming sediments which in turn

will definitely affect any marine and

aquatic life forms next is coastal

tourism are you one of the beach lovers

out there if yes

it's time for you to think twice you may

be contributing to the destruction of

marine habitats you don't have to worry

it is absolutely planning to go and swim

at least beaches for as long as you take

care of them as the saying goes take

nothing but pictures leave nothing but

footprints and kill nothing but time

another way human destroys marine

habitats is through illegal fishing

dynamite fishing and more on me are some

examples dynamite fishing involves

trolling of Dynamite's

for catching fish at fishes while more

on me involves destroying the forest

using stone so that fishes will go out

of their home and eventually be trapped

by fish nets and the last we have is the

conversion of natural coastal areas to

beach resorts while it is true that this

activity may create jobs for many of us

let us not forget that marine habitat is

the one being at risk and at the bridge

of the Indy

Troi let us all remember that

responsible tourism is important in

order to sustain our needs while

maintaining the well-being of marine

ecosystems