Why it's important to recognize compulsive sexual behavior disorder | Casper Schmidt | TEDxAarhus
Summary
TLDRThis transcript discusses Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (cSPD), a condition recently recognized by the World Health Organization. Through an example of escalating inappropriate behavior, the speaker highlights how addiction to pornography can negatively impact lives. The disorder is linked to changes in brain structures like the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, reducing self-control and increasing sensitivity to sexual stimuli. The inclusion of cSPD in diagnostic manuals offers hope for better treatment and less stigmatization, paralleling progress made in other addictive disorders like gambling addiction.
Takeaways
- 🚫 Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is a condition where individuals cannot control their sexual urges, leading to personal, social, and occupational dysfunction.
- 🆕 CSBD was officially recognized as a disease by the World Health Organization in 2018, after research showed brain changes associated with the disorder.
- 📈 The accessibility of pornography has significantly increased with the internet, making it a major contributor to the development of CSBD.
- 🌐 Denmark's statistics show that pornographic websites are among the most visited, highlighting the global scale of pornography consumption.
- 🚨 A significant percentage of the population, particularly men, may watch more pornography than they intend to, indicating a potential for addiction.
- 🧠 Neuroscientific studies have found that individuals with CSBD have an enlarged amygdala and reduced connections to the prefrontal cortex, affecting their ability to control sexual behaviors.
- 🔄 There is a parallel between CSBD and other addictions like gambling disorder, suggesting a shared neurobiological basis for addiction.
- ✅ The formal recognition of CSBD as a diagnosable condition will lead to better treatment options and reduced stigma for those affected.
- 🌟 The inclusion of CSBD in diagnostic manuals will help raise awareness among healthcare professionals and improve the chances of successful treatment.
- 🤝 The collaboration between research and clinical practice is crucial for understanding and treating CSBD, with the ultimate goal of improving the lives of those suffering from the disorder.
Q & A
What is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD)?
-Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is a condition where an individual cannot stop engaging in sexual behaviors, often involving pornography, which leads to personal, social, and occupational dysfunctioning to the extent that it becomes difficult to lead a normal life.
When was CSBD officially recognized as a disorder by the World Health Organization?
-CSBD was officially recognized as a disorder by the World Health Organization in 2018, when it was included in their list of diseases.
What is the significance of CSBD being included in the World Health Organization's list of diseases?
-The inclusion of CSBD in the WHO's list of diseases signifies that it is now formally recognized as a diagnosable condition. This can lead to better treatment options, reduced stigmatization, and increased awareness among medical professionals.
What role does the amygdala play in individuals with CSBD?
-In individuals with CSBD, the amygdala, a region of the brain involved in emotional processing and emotional salience, is often enlarged. This enlargement, along with reduced connections to the prefrontal cortex, may contribute to a shift towards more instinctive behavior and less control over sexual actions.
How does the prefrontal cortex's involvement affect individuals with CSBD?
-The prefrontal cortex, often referred to as the 'boss of the brain,' is responsible for exerting conscious control over actions and behavior. In CSBD, the connections between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex are reduced, which may result in less control over compulsive sexual behaviors.
What is the prevalence of CSBD in the adult population according to the script?
-It is estimated that 3 to 6 percent of the adult population in the West suffers from CSBD.
How has the accessibility of pornography changed over the past two decades as mentioned in the script?
-Twenty years ago, accessing pornography required physical effort such as visiting a store to rent a video or buy a magazine. In contrast, by 2009, two of the top ten most visited websites in Denmark were pornographic, indicating a significant increase in easy and immediate online access to such material.
What is the reported percentage of children under 12 who regularly watch pornography according to a British survey mentioned in the script?
-According to a British survey mentioned in the script, 12% of children below the age of 12 regularly watch pornography.
What does the script suggest about the overlap between CSBD and other addictive disorders?
-The script suggests that there is an overlap between CSBD and other addictive disorders such as gambling disorder, where individuals with these conditions are hypersensitive to their respective rewards, be it sexual or monetary.
How has the recognition of gambling disorder as an official diagnosis impacted treatment outcomes, according to the script?
-Since gambling disorder was included in diagnostic manuals, 85% of gamblers in Denmark are reportedly in remission one year after treatment, indicating that formal recognition can significantly improve treatment success rates.
What is the importance of individual reports of suffering in advancing research and treatment for CSBD?
-Individual reports of suffering are crucial as they bring attention to the phenomenon, prompting clinicians and scientists to initiate research, which in turn can lead to better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of CSBD.
Outlines
🤔 The Impact of Pornography Addiction on Behavior
The paragraph introduces a real-life story of a man in Cambridge, referred to as 'M', who suffered from Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (cSPD). It highlights an extreme example where the addiction to pornography leads to inappropriate social behavior, such as propositioning a woman and then a man, despite personal boundaries. M’s story emphasizes the significance of pornography addiction as recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), with cSPD being included in their list of diseases in 2018. The paragraph underscores the disorder's severity, linking it to social, occupational, and personal dysfunction.
🧠 Neuroscience Behind cSPD: Enlarged Amygdala & Reduced Control
This section explains the neurological findings related to cSPD, focusing on brain regions like the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. The amygdala, involved in emotional processing, was found to be enlarged in individuals with cSPD, while connections to the prefrontal cortex, which governs self-control, were reduced. This suggests that people with cSPD are more driven by instinctive behaviors and have less control over their actions. The paragraph also draws parallels between cSPD and gambling disorder, emphasizing hypersensitivity to sexual and monetary rewards in both conditions. It highlights the overlap between different behavioral addictions.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD)
💡Pornography
💡Amygdala
💡Prefrontal Cortex
💡Neuroscience
💡MRI Scanner
💡Diagnosis
💡Stigmatization
💡Treatment
💡Gambling Disorder
💡Sexual Rewards
Highlights
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (cSPD) was officially recognized as a diagnosis by the World Health Organization in 2018.
Before 2018, people like 'M', who suffered from compulsive sexual behavior, would not have been diagnosed with cSPD.
cSPD affects 3-6% of the adult population in the West, highlighting its prevalence and the potential number of affected individuals.
Pornography addiction and compulsive sexual behavior can lead to significant personal, social, and occupational dysfunction, impacting normal life.
Studies show that the amygdala, which processes emotions, is enlarged in individuals with cSPD, while connections to the prefrontal cortex are reduced.
The prefrontal cortex, responsible for conscious control over behavior, is less engaged in those with cSPD, leading to more instinctive actions.
Compulsive sexual behavior is often hypersensitive to sexual rewards, similarly to how gambling addiction is hypersensitive to monetary rewards.
cSPD becoming an official diagnosis allows general practitioners to diagnose and treat the condition, reducing stigma and improving access to treatment.
Comparisons to gambling addiction show that 85% of individuals with gambling addiction remain in remission one year after treatment, offering hope for cSPD sufferers.
Advances in brain imaging have enabled neuroscientists to study the brain changes associated with cSPD, providing new insights into the condition.
In 2009, Denmark’s 10th and 13th most visited websites were pornographic, indicating the global demand for pornography.
A recent survey in Denmark found that almost one in five men and one in twenty women watch more pornography than they would like.
The inclusion of cSPD in diagnostic manuals helps channel funding and resources into research and treatment efforts.
The story of 'M' illustrates how individual reports of compulsive sexual behavior have helped inform scientific research and improve treatments.
The recognition of cSPD offers the possibility for sufferers to receive better help and for scientists to further research the disorder's underlying brain mechanisms.
Transcripts
you know that woman sitting next to you
in the bar has a boyfriend you know
because he just left for the bathroom
and still the minute he leaves you
approached her and asked if she wants to
come home with you for a night of fun
she refuses you insist then the
boyfriend comes back slaps you a couple
of times until you back off after a
while
you catch sight of a good-looking guy
sitting in the corner of the bar even
though you're not bisexual you go over
to him and offer him a drink and the
same suggestion now this is quite an
extreme example of what can actually
happen when the addiction to pornography
spins out of control but I heard this
specific story from a guy in Cambridge
we can call em who suffered from
compulsive sexual behavior disorder
before 2018 em would have never been
diagnosed with this as it was only last
year that addiction involving
pornography was put on the World Health
Organization's lists of diseases coined
as compulsive sexual behavior disorder
or cSPD
two years before that I published one of
the first narrow scientific studies on
the brain changes associated with cSPD
which helped pave the way towards its
inclusion and acceptance as a diagnosis
by the World Health Organization so what
is cSPD compulsive this means something
that you cannot stop doing and I know
that none of you check your phones every
five minutes for no reasonable intention
to see if you've had any new
notifications but if you did that would
in some mild sense be compulsive sexual
behavior this means that the
compulsivity centers on sexual behavior
and
in most cases pornography and disorder
this implies both personal social and
occupational dysfunctioning for the
individual to an extent where it becomes
very difficult to lead a normal life
basically it ruins people's lives that's
why it's called compulsive sexual
behavior disorder and not compulsive
sexual behavior inconvenience and this
is the exact behavioral pattern that we
see an M twenty years ago if you wanted
to get access to pornographic material
you had to physically go into a store
and rent a video or buy a magazine 20
years later in 2009 T Denmark's 10th and
13th most visited websites are both
pornographic now think about that just
for one second that's including Google
YouTube Facebook Amazon etc and
according to such a statistic
pornography is one of the most
sought-after digital services in Denmark
and abroad as well according to a brand
new Danish survey between 15 and 89
year-olds almost one out of five men and
one twentieth of every woman actually
watch more pornography than they want to
and a British survey has demonstrated
that 12% of children below 12 years old
regularly watch pornography this is
quite frightening statistics and the
adult population it is estimated in the
West that 3 to 6 percent suffer from
cSPD so that means arguably that out of
the 500 people here today you guys in
the front row watch way too much porn
and I'm sorry to call you out like this
but actually you guys in the front row
are addicted to pornography ok anyway
that is if we follow statistics but
quite a lot of people are able to watch
pornography without necessarily become
an addicted
so where does this go wrong for some
people and why do they lose control I'm
a neuroscientist
and basically what that means is that I
stick people inside MRI scanners and see
what happens inside their brains and we
did this with people suffering from cSPD
and what we found was that as a function
here of a region in the brain called the
amygdala was actually enlarged and the
amygdala is a tiny structure that sits
almost at the very center of the brain
and which is very much too involved with
emotional processing and emotional
salience in the brain and not only was
the amygdala enlarged the connections it
had with the prefrontal cortex were
reduced now the prefrontal cortex can be
said to be the boss of the brain this is
where we as humans consciously exert
control over our actions and behavior so
what this means is that when you have
cSPD your brain is actually geared
towards more instinctive behavior and so
what's taking less control over that
behavior and this actually corresponds
very well with what many cSPD subjects
report also cSPD has been associated
with hypersensitivity to sexual rewards
just like this is shown in gambling
disorder that they are hyper sensitive
towards monetary rewards
so there's actually overlap across these
disorders as well so why is it a good
thing that this has become a diagnosis
well the inclusion of cSPD into the
diagnostic manuals means that now
general practitioners throughout the
world will be able to diagnose this
which can lead to better treatment and
better and less stigmatization as of now
people who suffer from cSPD
cannot really receive the same
generalized help on par with other
addictive disorders such as gambling or
alcohol use disorder and that's the
simple answer to this to give you guys a
bit more of a nuanced impression of what
this political decision means we can
draw an example from gambling as an
addictive disorder
since the yes where gambling has been
included into the diagnostic manuals 85%
of gamblers are still in remission
one year after treatment here in Denmark
that's quite remarkable in this sense
it's a genuinely good thing for these
individuals that cSPD has become a
diagnosis as these money as money are
prioritized to these research areas so
actually there may be hope for you guys
in the front row but aside from all
these political classifications in the
scientific conceptualizations that may
seem a bit fancy what it really boils
down to it's the people suffering from
their addictions based on the reports of
M people and without those reports
clinicians and neuroscientists alike
wouldn't really know that that this
phenomenon existed in the first place
but we do thanks to the systematized and
multiple reports of others like him and
the reason that M came into treatment in
the first place came down to the fact
that he himself sought treatment and
when clinicians and scientists begin to
hear about this and talk about this
research can be initiated to examine its
scientific processes behind such
phenomena or behaviors and from that
research better treatment efforts can be
applied to those suffering in this sense
it really is the people's suffering that
should inform the research in order to
create value for these very people a
century ago and may have been considered
a freak by society and perhaps even
admitted to the psychiatric hospital by
a medical professional
today M receives the best help he can
possibly get at this moment in time
through the combined efforts of the
research conducted within this area and
the International classifications based
on that research help is on the way
now therapists and clinicians around the
world will be better able
assess diagnose and treat compulsive
sexual behavior disorder thanks for your
attention
[Music]
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