Types of Suspension Assembly | MacPherson Strut, Double-wishbone, Swing Axle & Arm, Torsion Beam etc
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the intricacies of suspension assemblies, explaining their role beyond mere wheel linkage. It covers how suspension impacts vehicle dynamics like steering, traction, and body roll. The script discusses various suspension types, including rigid axle, semi-independent, and independent, each with unique characteristics affecting vehicle performance. Examples include the torsion beam's space efficiency and the double wishbone's handling advantages. The video aims to clarify how different suspensions respond to road conditions and vehicle movements, providing a comprehensive guide for understanding automotive suspension systems.
Takeaways
- 🔧 Suspension assembly is crucial for connecting wheels to the vehicle frame, providing more than just up-and-down movement.
- 🛠️ Vehicle dynamics such as steering, traction, and body roll are significantly influenced by the type of suspension system used.
- 🚧 The ideal suspension system responds appropriately to various road conditions like speed breakers and potholes, maintaining wheel-road contact.
- 🔄 Suspension systems can be categorized into dependent, semi-dependent, and independent types, each with unique characteristics and applications.
- 🌐 Rigid axle suspension is robust and suitable for heavy-duty vehicles but lacks comfort and individual wheel control.
- 🔄 Torsion beam suspension, a semi-dependent type, offers a balance between rigid axle and independent suspension characteristics.
- 🔧 MacPherson strut suspension is simple, cost-effective, and commonly used in front-wheel-drive cars, but it has limitations in camber control.
- 🏎️ Double wishbone suspension provides precise control over camber and suspension length, making it popular in performance vehicles.
- 🔄 Swing arm suspension alters wheelbase and can lead to squatting under acceleration or braking, affecting vehicle dynamics.
- 🔄 Swing axle suspension, similar to swing arm but transverse, has issues with camber and track change, yet it's a cost-effective solution for certain rear-wheel-drive vehicles.
Q & A
What is the primary function of a suspension assembly in a vehicle?
-The primary function of a suspension assembly is to connect the wheels to the vehicle frame with springs and dampers, allowing the wheels to move up and down while maintaining good road contact, and influencing vehicle dynamics such as steering, traction, and handling.
How does the suspension system affect the vehicle's handling during a turn?
-The suspension system allows the wheels to maintain good road contact during a turn by changing the camber angle and adjusting the suspension length relative to the car's body, which helps in reducing body roll and maintaining tire contact with the road.
What are the different types of suspension assemblies mentioned in the script?
-The script mentions three types of suspension assemblies: dependent, semi-dependent, and independent. Examples include rigid axle suspension, torsion beam suspension, MacPherson strut, double wishbone, swing arm, and swing axle.
Why is rigid axle suspension more robust and suitable for heavy cargo vehicles?
-Rigid axle suspension is more robust due to its simple and strong construction, which can handle high horsepower as there are no CV joints connecting the wheels. The power from the differential goes directly to the wheels, making it suitable for heavy cargo vehicles with high power and no comfort requirements.
How does a torsion beam suspension differ from a rigid axle suspension?
-Torsion beam suspension differs from a rigid axle suspension in that it uses a beam pivoted to the frame with a swing arm for each wheel. This allows for some independent movement of the wheels, providing a combined effect of rigid axle and independent suspension, and is often used in cars for rear suspension.
What is the main advantage of MacPherson strut suspension?
-The main advantage of MacPherson strut suspension is its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It consumes more vertical space than horizontal, which is beneficial for front engine front-wheel drive cars that require space for the engine and transmission.
Why is double wishbone suspension preferred in sports cars?
-Double wishbone suspension is preferred in sports cars because it allows for more control over vehicle dynamics, provides a flat and robust construction for better aerodynamics, and can be designed to minimize camber change and tire scrubbing, which are critical for high-performance vehicles.
How does swing arm suspension affect the wheelbase of a vehicle?
-Swing arm suspension can change the wheelbase of a vehicle due to the compression of the suspension. This can lead to squatting effects during acceleration and braking, which is a drawback as it can negatively affect the vehicle's handling.
What is the main difference between swing arm and swing axle suspension?
-The main difference between swing arm and swing axle suspension is the layout; swing arm is a longitudinal layout, while swing axle is a transverse layout. Swing axle suspension changes the camber and track while keeping the wheelbase constant, but it can lead to excessive camber change and reduced tire contact.
Why is the position of the pivot point in MacPherson strut suspension considered a disadvantage?
-The pivot point in MacPherson strut suspension is substantially offset from the center of the tire, which can cause more wheel scrubbing and require more effort in handling, especially with wider tires. This is less of an issue in regular cars but can be a disadvantage in sports cars where precise handling is crucial.
Outlines
🚗 Understanding Suspension Assembly Dynamics
The paragraph discusses the multifaceted role of the suspension assembly in a vehicle, which goes beyond merely connecting wheels to the frame. It highlights how the suspension system influences various vehicle dynamics such as steering effort, understeer, oversteer, control, and traction. The suspension's design is crucial for maintaining road contact, handling body roll during turns, and adapting to different road conditions. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of suspension linkage in determining a vehicle's performance and introduces the types of suspension assemblies, including rigid axle, semi-independent, and independent suspensions. It also touches on the need for suspension to adapt to different scenarios, such as speed breakers, potholes, and turns, to ensure optimal vehicle performance.
🔧 Types of Suspension Assemblies and Their Applications
This paragraph delves into the specifics of various suspension assemblies, starting with the rigid axle suspension, which is robust and suitable for high horsepower vehicles but lacks comfort due to its limited wheel movement. It then moves on to semi-independent suspension, specifically the torsion beam suspension, which combines the characteristics of both rigid axle and independent suspensions, providing more cabin space and being widely used in cars. The paragraph also covers independent suspensions, including MacPherson strut, double wishbone, swing arm, and swing axle suspensions. Each type is analyzed based on its construction, advantages, and typical applications, such as the MacPherson strut being cost-effective and space-saving, while double wishbone offers more design freedom for vehicle dynamics. The discussion concludes with the practical implications of these suspension types in different driving conditions and their impact on vehicle performance.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Suspension Assembly
💡Vehicle Dynamics
💡Steering Feedback
💡Body Roll
💡Rigid Axle Suspension
💡Semi-Independent Suspension
💡Independent Suspension
💡MacPherson Strut
💡Double Wishbone Suspension
💡Swing Arm Suspension
💡Multi-Link Suspension
Highlights
Suspension assembly is crucial for vehicle dynamics, including steering, traction, and handling.
Suspension systems must maintain wheel contact with the road in various driving scenarios.
Different suspension assemblies are designed to handle speed breakers, potholes, and turns effectively.
Rigid axle suspension is robust and suitable for high horsepower vehicles but lacks comfort.
Semi-independent suspension, like torsion beam, combines features of rigid axle and independent suspension.
Independent suspension allows each wheel to move independently, unaffected by the other.
MacPherson strut suspension is simple, cost-effective, and commonly used in front-wheel drive cars.
Double wishbone suspension offers more design freedom for vehicle dynamics and is used in sports cars.
Swing arm suspension changes wheelbase due to compression, affecting vehicle squat during acceleration and braking.
Swing axle suspension, similar to swing arm, maintains constant wheelbase with changing camber and track.
Suspension design must consider factors like camber change, road contact, and vehicle body roll.
Long-wheelbase cars may benefit from rear wheel steering geometry for improved handling.
Short-wheelbase cars require suspension designs that prevent over-steer during sharp turns.
Torsion beam suspension provides a balance between rigid axle and independent suspension characteristics.
MacPherson strut is not ideal for sports cars due to limited camber adjustment and scrubbing issues.
Double wishbone suspension is preferred for its aerodynamic benefits and ease of assembly with wide tires.
Swing arm and swing axle suspensions are cost-effective options for rear-wheel drive vehicles.
The video provides a detailed explanation of various suspension types and their applications.
Transcripts
suspension assembly it is not just a
linkage connecting the wheels to the
frame with springs and dampers nor it
just allows the wheels to go up and down
the whole vehicle Dynamics like steering
effort under steer and over steer
control steering feedback traction will
contact while cornering body roll
acceleration deceleration effects and
adverse road condition effects on the
car Etc I decided by the suspension
linkage used in your
car in the last two videos of the
suspension series we talked about the
suspension spring types and shock
absorber types in this one let's
untangle the suspension
assemblies no one on the internet has
explained it in detail as required so
here's our try rather than just jumping
into the type of suspension assembly and
comparing them by advantages and
disadvantages we'll first see the
vehicle Dynamics required in different
scenarios further to which we'll see how
each suspension assembly satisfy those
requirements when there is a speed
breaker both Wheels should go up
together in deps both Wheels should come
down together in case of a p hole on
just one side the wheel should go down
like this so that both Wheels maintain
good road contact and it is same when
one wheel goes over a
bump when the car turns the car's body
tilts around its CG called body roll
the wheels should stay in contact with
the road like this so relative to the
car's body the expected wheel position
is with changed camber angle and
different suspension length so it's
ideal for suspension assembly to change
the wheel camber around the CG as pivot
and adjust to Desir length to maintain
good wheel contact while
turning there are few more things that a
suspension should do while turning like
for long- wheel based cars at sharp
cornering the rear set of wheels should
turn such that the turning radius
decreases by that you get good handling
and easier turning of the car some
suspension assemblies to discuss further
have such geometries that do it but this
same effect is undesirable in short
wheelbase cars as it may lead to over
steer so assembly of short cars with
shorter wheelbase are designed such that
the rear set of FS don't lean in any
direction while you make a
turn there are three types of of
suspension assemblies dependent
semi-dependent and independent in the
dependent suspension the effect of one
wheel affects the position of the other
paired wheel there is rigid axle
suspension with either coil spring or
leaf spring the second is
semi-independent suspension the only
type of it worth knowing is torsion boom
suspension third is independent
suspension in which the position of one
wheel doesn't affect the others its main
types are macers stud double visible
suspension swing arm suspension swing
axle suspension and multi-link
suspension with three four or five
links first let's see rigid axle
suspension here a axle is connected to
the frame by either leaf or coil springs
on speed Breakers and in dips all
assembly moves together it's fine till
that the problem arises on a
single-sided p hole and bumps as the
camar changes and the contact patch of
both Tire get reduced on big bumps the
vehicle tells in One Direction that
isn't very comfortable experience to be
in the rigid axle suspension is more
robust and has benefits like the
assembly when fitted on driving Wheels
can handle High horsepower as there are
no CVS connecting them the power from
the differential directly goes to the
wheels this rigid axle suspension is
preferably used for heavy cargo vehicles
having high horsepower and also no
Comfort requirement next is
semi-dependent suspension
which is torsion beam suspension a beam
is pivoted to a frame and has a swing
arm for each field so it is like a swing
arm suspension connected with torsion
bar preferably near the pivot the
suspension has coil springs so on bumps
and po holes the wheel moves up and down
like a swing arm while torsion beam
resists that torsion beam does two
things one it increases the stiffness of
the suspension two it gives combined
effect of rigid Axel and independent
suspens suspension the assembly fixes
due to the bumps this not only pushes
the assembly up and down but also gives
some camber change as in rigid axle
suspension that is helpful while making
a turn the assembly also being
relatively flat allows for more cabin
space for passengers this suspension
assembly is widely used as rear
suspension of cars now let's see
complete independent suspension first is
macson stud the construction is simple
like this it consumes more vertical
space than horizontal there is little
camber change due to up and down moment
it is widely used as front suspension of
front engine front-wheel drive cars as
it gives lot of space to fit engine and
transmission here its construction is
simple and coste effective this is not
generally used in sports car as it has
low Bonnet so vertical assemblies don't
suit there plus there is less control to
the engineer on camber while designing
so camber performance cannot be
optimized as wanted but some cars like
Porsche have macson St as front
suspension to give cargo space in front
and its assembly travel is also very
less so sometimes macers thre can be
used in sports car even though it's
never the first choice this is how the
macers St performs in different
conditions
one disadvantage of Mac verson St is
that the pivot of steering remains
substantially offset to the center of
the tire so the wheel scrubs more and
handling takes more effort narrower the
tire less the offset becomes so regular
cars don't fish much of this issue but
wider tires does
what's more preferable in sports car is
double Wishbone suspension whose
construction is like this substantially
flat and it can be made even flat so the
nose of the car can be low that is great
for
aerodynamics its construction is like
parallelogram the links make the wheel
go straight up and down with no camber
change whereas by shortening the upper
arms the desired camber change effect
can be brought so designer get more
freedom to adjust the vehicle Dynamics
by shortening the arm length which isn't
possible in macers starts the fishbone
becomes more spread out and gives more
robustness to the assembly with bigger
rims and wide tires it becomes easier to
put the assembly in the wheel and have
pavots near to the tire center so the
scrubbing issue as in Mac verson thread
can be mitigated this is how a double
visone assembly Works in different
scenarios
double F bone is used in both front and
rear of the car next is swing arm that
is similar to bike suspension system the
wheelbase changes due to compression of
the suspension its drawback is it tends
to squats due to acceleration and
braking this is how a swing arm Works in
different
conditions next is Swing AEL this is
similar to to swing arm but in
transverse layout the camber changes and
the track also changes while the
wheelbase remains constant with
compression camber changes too much and
the tire contact is also not very good
but it is good and cheap way of having
suspension in rear wheeel drive vehicles
like these
ones
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