The Historical Foundation of Education in the Philippines Timeline (Selected Events)

Summary

This presentation traces the evolution of education in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to modern reforms. It highlights the shift from vocational training to academic focus, the Spanish influence on education with a focus on Christian doctrines, the American period's introduction of democratic ideals and English language, the Japanese period's promotion of a new Filipino culture, and post-independence developments like the K-12 system aimed at enhancing global competitiveness. Key legislations like the Free Public Secondary Education Act and the Governance of Basic Education Act are also discussed.

Takeaways

• 🏡 Pre-colonial Philippine education focused on vocational training within the family and tribal structures.
• 📚 Spanish colonization introduced a formal education system prioritizing Spanish elites and religious teachings.
• 🌐 American period education emphasized democratic values and introduced English as the medium of instruction.
• 📈 Japanese occupation aimed to instill a new Filipino culture based on an oriental identity, using education as a tool for cultural assimilation.
• 🏛️ Executive Order No. 94 in 1947 restructured the Department of Instruction into the Department of Education, centralizing school supervision.
• 💼 Executive Order No. 189 in 1987 placed public secondary school teachers under the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports, with national funding for their salaries.
• 📖 Republic Act 6655 in 1988 mandated free public secondary education, enhancing accessibility for Filipino students.
• 🛠️ Republic Act 7323 in 1992 allowed students aged 15 to 25 to work during holidays, with a combined wage from employers and the government.
• 🔄 Republic Act 9155 in 2001 rebranded the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports to the Department of Education, streamlining its focus.
• 🎓 The K-12 system introduced in 2013 aimed to enhance Filipino students' skills in math, science, and language to better compete in the global job market.

Q & A

What was the primary form of education before 1521 in the Philippines?

Before 1521, during the pre-colonial period, children in the Philippines were provided more vocational training and less academics in their houses by their parents and tribal tutors.

What was the unique system of education operating in the pre-colonial Philippines?

The unique system of education operating in the pre-colonial Philippines was known as the 'bali-bali' system.

How did the Spanish period influence the education system in the Philippines?

During the Spanish period, a complete system of education was founded, comprising elementary, secondary, and college levels, with a priority on Spanish elites. Education was mostly carried out by religious orders, focusing on Christian doctrines.

What significant changes were introduced during the American period of Philippine education?

During the American period, democratic ideas and the English language were promoted. New subject areas were introduced, including reading, writing, arithmetic, language, good manners, civics, hygiene, sanitation, gardening, domestic science, American history, and Philippine history.

What was the aim of education during the Japanese period in the Philippines?

During the Japanese period, the aim of education was to foster a new Filipino culture based on the self-consciousness of the people as orientals, serving as another oppressing language on the Filipinos.

What was the main change in the education department as per Executive Order No. 94 in 1947?

By Executive Order No. 94 in 1947, the Department of Instruction was changed to the Department of Education, and the regulation and supervision of public and private schools were assigned to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.

What was the impact of Executive Order No. 189 in 1987 on public secondary school teachers?

Executive Order No. 189 in 1987 placed all public secondary school teachers under the administrative supervision and control of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports. Their basic salaries and cost of living allowances were to be paid by the national government.

What did Republic Act 6655 mandate in 1988?

Republic Act 6655, the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, mandated free public secondary education, commencing in the school year 1988-1989.

What provision did Republic Act 7323 make for students aged 15 to 25?

Republic Act 7323 provided that students aged 15 to 25 may be employed during Christmas and summer vacation with a salary not lower than the minimum wage, with 60 percent of the wage paid by the employer and 40 percent by the government.

How did Republic Act 9155 change the education system in the Philippines in 2001?

Republic Act 9155, passed in 2001, transformed the name of the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports to the Department of Education, aiming to improve governance of basic education.

What is the goal of the K-12 system introduced in the Philippines in 2013?

The K-12 system, introduced in 2013, aims to improve Filipino students' skills in mathematics, science, and linguistics to further exhibit competence in the global job market. The new curriculum promises higher quality education through the strengths of the Department of Education.