Sejarah Kalimantan VS Jawa - Di Masa MAJAPAHIT pada abad ke 14 Masehi

Summary

This video explores the historical relationship between the Majapahit Empire and the Kingdom of Tanjungpura in Borneo. Drawing from various historical sources, including inscriptions and ancient texts, it discusses how Bakulapura evolved into Tanjungpura and its political ties with Majapahit. The video highlights the strategic marriage alliances, tributes, and regional cooperation that characterized their interactions. It also touches on the decline of these relations and subsequent attacks by Javanese rulers, providing a comprehensive look into the complex historical dynamics of the era.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the historical relationship between the Majapahit Empire and the region of Borneo, specifically with the Kingdom of Tanjungpura and Sukadana.
• 🏰 The region of Bakulapura, which later became known as Tanjungpura, maintained a connection with Java even after the fall of the Singasari dynasty.
• 👑 King Kertanegara of Singasari is noted for having a political vision that extended beyond Java, as evidenced by Mpu Prapanca's account in the Negarakertagama.
• 🛡 Majapahit's Mahapatih Gajah Mada reclaimed the region for Majapahit, as supported by the Sumpah Amukti Palapa.
• 🌴 Tanjungpura was considered part of the broader Kalimantan region under Majapahit's influence, as described in historical texts and inscriptions.
• 🏝️ The script mentions various regions and kingdoms on the island of Borneo that were under Majapahit's sphere of influence, including Kapuas, Katingan, and others.
• 🤝 The relationship between Kalimantan and Java fluctuated, with political ties being reestablished by the Majapahit ruler Wijaya after the fall of Singasari.
• 🏛️ A prasasti from the Hayam Wuruk period may detail the political marriage alliances between Majapahit and Tanjungpura, indicating a strategic alliance.
• 📝 The Prasasti Waringin Pitu, dated 1447, lists Tanjungpura as one of the 14 Nagari under the Majapahit's dominion, highlighting its significance.
• 🧳 Archaeological and historical sources, including Chinese records from the Ming Dynasty, corroborate the existence of a vibrant regional network with Majapahit at its center.

Q & A

What is the focus of the video transcript?

The video focuses on the historical relationship between the Majapahit Empire and the Kingdom of Tanjungpura (Borneo), based on various historical records, including Chinese, European, and Majapahit inscriptions.

What does the term 'Bakulapura' refer to in the context of the transcript?

Bakulapura was the name of a region in Borneo during the Singasari period, which later became known as Tanjungpura during the Majapahit era.

Who was Kertanegara, and what was his contribution to expanding Java's influence?

Kertanegara was a king of Singasari, the first Javanese ruler to focus on expanding beyond Java. He initiated the Pamalayu Expedition, which aimed to extend Javanese influence over neighboring regions, including Bakulapura (Tanjungpura).

What role did Gajah Mada play in Majapahit’s control over Tanjungpura?

Gajah Mada, Majapahit's prime minister, helped reassert Majapahit’s control over Tanjungpura as part of his ambition to unify the entire archipelago under Majapahit rule. This was tied to his famous Sumpah Palapa (Palapa Oath).

What does the Negarakertagama say about Tanjungpura?

In the Negarakertagama, Tanjungpura is used to refer to the entire island of Borneo, indicating that the region was under Majapahit’s influence.

What regions on the island of Tanjungpura (Borneo) were mentioned in the Negarakertagama?

The Negarakertagama mentions regions such as Kapuas, Katingan, Sampit, Lingga, Kotawaringin, Sabah, Lawai, and several others as part of Majapahit’s influence.

What political shift occurred between the time of Singasari and Majapahit regarding Tanjungpura?

After the fall of Singasari in 1222, political ties with Tanjungpura weakened, but the Majapahit Empire, under Raden Wijaya, later re-established control over the region.

How did political marriages play a role in Majapahit’s relationship with Tanjungpura?

A political marriage between a Majapahit ruler and a princess from Tanjungpura is believed to have solidified ties between the two regions, marking an early form of alliance through marriage.

What is the significance of the Waringin Pitu inscription in relation to Tanjungpura?

The Waringin Pitu inscription from 1447 mentions Tanjungpura as one of 14 regions under the Majapahit royal family’s control, highlighting its importance within the empire.

How did Tanjungpura's relationship with Java change in later periods?

In later periods, Tanjungpura was attacked by rulers from Java, such as Adipati Unus of the Demak Sultanate, indicating shifting political dynamics between Java and Borneo after Majapahit’s decline.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Historical Relations: Majapahit and Tanjungpura

The video script discusses the historical relationship between the Majapahit empire and the region of Borneo, particularly focusing on the kingdom of Tanjungpura. It cites various historical sources, including inscriptions from Majapahit and accounts from Chinese and European manuscripts. The script highlights the area known as Bakulapura during the Singasari era, which later became associated with Tanjungpura. According to historian Dwi Cahyono, Bakulapura is considered the embryonic form of the Tanjungpura kingdom. The script also references the political vision of King Kertanegara of Singasari, who is noted for his extra-Javanese outlook, as documented by Mpu Prapanca in the Negarakertagama. The era of Majapahit's Mahapatih Gajah Mada is mentioned, where he reclaimed the region for Majapahit, as evidenced by the Sumpah Amukti Palapa. The script further explores the political and marital alliances between Majapahit and Tanjungpura, suggesting a historical connection through intermarriage and the acknowledgment of Majapahit's authority over various regions, including Tanjungpura.

05:02

🏰 Hierarchical Control and Regional Tributes

This paragraph delves into the hierarchical governance of the 14 Nagari mentioned in the Waringin Pitu inscription, which were under the control of various rulers. It discusses the role of Raja Majapahit and the local rulers known as Paduka Utara, who were likely relatives of the royal family. The script mentions that the ruler of Tanjungpura was titled Wardani nadyazura karir, while other sources suggest that the ruler was a descendant of Dyah kertawijaya. The paragraph also touches on the historical records from China's Ming Dynasty, which referred to the region as Bunyi or Borneo, and the Kidung Harsawijaya, which lists Tanjungpura among the 11 Nagari under Majapahit's influence. The script explains that the tributes sent from these regions to Majapahit were not only a sign of submission but also an indication of a mutually beneficial regional cooperation. It contrasts the medieval understanding of these relationships with modern notions of colonialism and concludes with historical accounts of conflicts, such as the attacks on Tanjungpura by Javanese rulers, as documented by Tom Prize in his book 'Suma Oriental'.

Keywords

💡Majapahit

Majapahit was a powerful Javanese kingdom on the Indonesian island of Java from 1293 to around 1500. It was one of the last major empires of the region and is known for its significant influence over much of Southeast Asia. In the video, Majapahit is discussed in the context of its relationship with Borneo, particularly the kingdom of Tanjungpura, indicating its far-reaching political and cultural influence.

💡Borneo

Borneo, also known as Kalimantan, is the third-largest island in the world and is located in Southeast Asia. It is politically divided among three countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. The video discusses the historical ties between Majapahit and the region of Borneo, highlighting the interactions between the Javanese kingdom and local kingdoms such as Tanjungpura.

💡Tanjungpura

Tanjungpura was a historical kingdom located in what is now Indonesian Borneo. It is mentioned in the video as having a significant relationship with the Majapahit kingdom. The term is used to illustrate the political and cultural ties that existed between the two regions, as well as the broader network of relationships that Majapahit maintained in the region.

💡Singasari

Singasari was a Javanese kingdom that preceded the Majapahit empire. The video refers to Singasari in the context of its political vision and its relationship with the region that would later become Tanjungpura. The term is used to show the continuity of political thought and the evolution of relationships in the region.

💡Kertanegara

Kertanegara was a king of the Singasari kingdom and is mentioned in the video for his political vision that extended beyond Java. His reign is significant as it laid the groundwork for future relations between Java and regions like Borneo, as indicated by his expeditions and the subsequent naming of areas such as Bakulapura.

💡Mpu Prapanca

Mpu Prapanca was a poet and statesman of the Majapahit kingdom, known for his work 'Negarakertagama', which is a detailed description of the Majapahit empire. In the video, his writings are referenced to provide historical context and evidence of the relationships between Majapahit and other kingdoms, including Tanjungpura.

💡Negarakertagama

Negarakertagama is a 14th-century Old Javanese poem written by Mpu Prapanca, which serves as a eulogy to the Majapahit kingdom. It is mentioned in the video as a source of historical information about the extent of Majapahit's influence and its relationship with other kingdoms, including Tanjungpura.

💡Gajah Mada

Gajah Mada was a prime minister of the Majapahit kingdom, known for his role in expanding the empire's territory. The video mentions Gajah Mada in relation to the reclamation of territories, including the area that would become Tanjungpura, showcasing his influence and the kingdom's reach.

💡Pramana

Pramana is a term used in the video to describe the historical records or chronicles that provide insights into the past. It is used to refer to the various sources, including Chinese and European manuscripts, that contribute to the understanding of the relationship between Majapahit and Tanjungpura.

💡Waringin Pitu

Waringin Pitu is mentioned in the video as a historical source that lists 14 Nagari, or regions, under the influence of Majapahit, including Tanjungpura. This term is significant as it illustrates the extent of Majapahit's control and the hierarchical structure of its relationships with other regions.

💡Kidung Harsawijaya

The Kidung Harsawijaya is a Javanese poem that provides a poetic account of the Majapahit kingdom. In the video, it is referenced to describe the submission and tributes from various regions, including Tanjungpura, to Majapahit, emphasizing the kingdom's dominance and the nature of its relationships with other regions.

Highlights

Discussing the relationship between Majapahit and Borneo, specifically with the Kingdom of Tanjungpura and Sukadana.

The article is sourced from historical literature, including inscriptions from Majapahit, Chinese, and European manuscripts.

Bakulapura, a region that maintained connections with Java through different historical periods.

Dwi Cahyono suggests Bakulapura as the embryonic form of the Kingdom of Tanjungpura.

Kertanegara, a king of Singasari, had a political vision beyond Java, as reported by Mpu Prapanca.

During Majapahit's era under Mahapatih Gajah Mada, the region was reclaimed for Majapahit, as evidenced by the Sumpah Amukti Palapa.

Tanjungpura was used to refer to the whole of Kalimantan during the Majapahit era.

Mpu Prapanca documented various regions on the island of Tanjung, acknowledging their submission to Majapahit's power.

The fluctuating relationship between Kalimantan and Java since the time of Kertanegara.

Dwi Cahyono explains the political relationship between Singasari and Tanjungpura ended with the fall of Singasari in 1222 CE.

A prasasti from the era of Hayam Wuruk might detail the political processes of re-engagement with Tanjungpura.

Sri Kertarajasa's reign saw the inclusion of Bali, Melayu, Madura, and Tanjungpura under Majapahit's influence.

The marriage alliance between Majapahit and Tanjungpura is suggested through a prasasti, indicating a political bond.

Tanjungpura was recognized as one of the 14 Nagari under Majapahit's umbrella in the Waringin Pitu prasasti from 1447 CE.

Archaeologist Jakfar explains the hierarchical control of the 14 Nagari under various rulers, with the Raja Majapahit at the top.

According to Prasasti Waringin Pitu, the ruler in Tanjungpura was titled Wardani, indicating a high status.

Chinese historical sources, like the Ming Dynasty records, referred to the region as Bunyi, or Borneo.

The Kidung Harsawijaya poem also places Tanjungpura among the 11 Nagari under Majapahit's rule.

Slamet Muljana differentiates the 14th-century concept of regional power from modern colonialism.

Hasan Jafar argues that the relationships with other Nusantara kingdoms were mutually beneficial regional collaborations.

Tom Prize's 'Suma Oriental' records several Javanese attacks on Tanjungpura, including one led by Adipati Unus.

Transcripts

[Musik]

hai hai

[Musik]

saudara pemirsa pada kali ini kita akan

membahas tentang hubungan Majapahit di

Borneo khususnya dengan Kerajaan

Tanjungpura ra Sukadana artikel ini

bersumber dari beberapa literatur

sejarah diantaranya dari laman Historia

yang ditulis oleh HP saheda Putri yang

bersumber dari beberapa prasasti

Majapahit serta naskah Cina dan Eropa

Selamat menyaksikan

[Musik]

[Tepuk tangan]

[Musik]

bakulapura demikian nama daerah itu pada

masa Singasari kelak pada masa Majapahit

dan seterusnya wilayah itu masih punya

hubungan dengan Jawa namanya bukan lagi

bakulapura melainkan Tanjungpura menurut

Dwi Cahyono seorang dosen sejarah dari

Universitas Negeri Malang berpendapat

bahwa bakulapura merupakan embrio dari

Kerajaan Tanjungpura

diantara raja-raja Singasari Kertanegara

adalah raja yang pertama memiliki

pandangan politik keluar Jawa Hal ini

berdasarkan dari laporan Mpu Prapanca

dalam kakawin Negarakertagama

bakulapura menjadi salah satu negeri

yang ditunjukkan sang prabu Kertanegara

dalam sebuah ekspedisi yang dinamai

dengan Ekspedisi Pamalayu

[Musik]

pada era Majapahit Mahapatih Gajah Mada

merebut kembali keberadaan wilayah ini

dalam kekuasaan Majapahit yang

dibuktikan dengan Sumpah Amukti Palapa

yang ia ucapkan

dalam Negarakertagama Tanjungpura

tampaknya digunakan untuk menyebut

seluruh Pulau Kalimantan pada saat ini

Pulau itu Agatha kan sebagai salah satu

wilayah yang tunduk pada Kekuasaan

Majapahit

[Musik]

Prapanca menuliskan bahwa negara-negara

di Pulau Tanjung negara seperti Kapuas

Katingan Tengah Sampit di kota Lingga

enggak Kotawaringin Sabah Bah lawai

kadang-kadang Nah landak sama dangdang

dan Tirem tak terlupakan juga gajiannya

shedu barune kalah Kakak saludung solot

dan juga pasir Barito sawahku Tabalong

Tanjung Kutai malah non di Pulau

Tanjungpura

demikianlah yang disebutkan dalam pupuk

14 kakawin Negarakertagama oleh mpu

Prapanca

selanjutnya hubungan Kalimantan dan Jawa

mengalami pasang surut Sejak pertama

kali diincar oleh Kertanegara

[Musik]

Dwi Cahyono mengatakan perpolitikan

antara Singasari dan Tanjungpura ikut

bubar dengan berakhirnya kerajaan

Singasari pada tahun 1222 masehi maka

akan itu di masa Majapahit Wijaya yang

menjadi peletak batu pertama mencapai

harus kembali menggandeng Negeri

Tanjungpura

Hai ada sebuah prasasti dari masa

cicitnya Hayam Wuruk yang mungkin

menceritakan prosesnya disebutkan di

sana Jika Sri kertarajasa

jayawardhana anantawikrama otunuga

memiliki empat permaisuri

prasasti tersebut menyebutkan empat

permaisurinya setara dengan Dewi Dewi

Dewi yang menyebar di Pulau Bali Melayu

Ayu Madura dan Tanjungpura demikianlah

Salah satu isi dalam satu prasasti

Majapahit di masa itu

menurut Dwi Cahyono dari Prasasti itu

tersirat bahwa pada masa pemerintahan

Sri kertarajasa kekuasaan Majapahit

meliputi Bali Melayu Madura dan

Tanjungpura untuk merangkul wilayah itu

menantu Kertanegara kemungkinan mengikat

perkawinan politik dengan putri dari

Tanjungpura dengan demikian semenjak

awal Majapahit diperkirakan telah lahir

generasi buah perkawinan antara penguasa

Majapahit

Putri Tanjungpura

hal itu bisa dimaklumi ketika melihat

nama Tanjungpura disebutkan dalam sebuah

prasasti Waringin Pitu yakni di masa

Dyah kertawijaya pada tahun 1447 masehi

Tanjungpura adalah salah satu dari 14

Nagari yang berada di bawah girindra

atau keluarga besar dari Majapahit di

masa itu

[Musik]

seorang arkeolog asal Jakfar menjelaskan

bahwa 14 Nagari yang disebutkan dalam

prasasti itu berada di bawah kendali

sejumlah penguasa secara hirarki Mereka

ada di bawah Raja Majapahit adapun yang

berkuasa disana adalah para kerabat raja

yang disebut sebagai Paduka Utara arah

[Musik]

masih menurut ndak far bahwa Berdasarkan

Prasasti Waringin Pitu raja di daerah

Tanjung Pura adalah menggelar Wardani

nadyazura karir Ini sementara dalam

serat pararaton dijelaskan bahwa Breath

anjung pura adalah anak dari Breath

Tumapel yakni Dyah kertawijaya

[Musik]

I

will Ayah yang berkaitan dengan

Tanjungpura juga diberitakan dalam

sumber Tiongkok seperti sejarah Dinasti

Ming wilayah itu disebut sebagai Bunyi

atau Borneo keterangan itu mirip dengan

pernyataan dalam kidung harsawijaya

bahwa Tanjungpura ada diantara 11 Nagari

yang tunduk dibawah Majapahit

sangat luas dan juga takluk berbakti

terutama balibali fatal Tatum masih

samping koci dan Gurun awan dan dan

Tanjungpura ular apalagi dompo Palembang

Makassar datang bersama-sama dengan

persembahan segala isi nagaria

demikianlah disebutkan dalam sebuah

kidung harsawijaya

[Musik]

menurut Slamet muljana pengertian daerah

pada abad ke-14 berbeda dengan

pengertian koloni pada masa modern

persembahan upeti yang tak banyak

nilainya dari daerah tertentu kepada

Majapahit sudah dapat dianggap sebagai

bukti pengakuan kekuasaan dari Majapahit

namun menurut Hasan Jafar sebagaimana

disebutkan dalam Negarakertagama bahwa

hubungan yang terjalin dengan

kerajaan-kerajaan lain di nusantara

merupakan kerjasama regional yang saling

menguntungkan

negara Kertagama menyebut daerah di

nusantara waktu itu merupakan daerah

yang dilindungi oleh Sri Maharaja

Majapahit

Kendati begitu pada masa yang lebih

modern lewat catatan dari Tom prize

yakni dalam bukunya suma oriental

diketahui bahwa Tanjungpura beberapa

kali diserang oleh penguasa Jawa salah

satunya adalah Adipati Unus yakni

penerus dari Raden Fatah dari Kesultanan

Demak yang dicatatkan oleh Tom Prize

dari penguasa Fandi Jepara

demikianlah kisah sejarah hubungan

antara Majapahit dan Kerajaan

Tanjungpura disuka dana untuk saksi

sejarah berikutnya Anda dapat

menikmatinya di channel Qayyum TV Terima

kasih telah menyaksikan tayangan ini

sampai jumpa dan salam budaya pecinta

[Musik]

[Musik]

[Musik]

I

[Musik]

love you

[Musik]

Hai Sayangku

muach membuatmu

[Musik]