DNA- Structure and function of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into the structure and function of DNA, the molecule that stores and codes genetic information within the cell's nucleus. It typically resides coiled like a noodle but forms chromosomes during cell replication to maintain stability. The DNA's double helix model illustrates its polymer nature, composed of repeating nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The video offers a detailed look at nucleotide structure, essential for understanding DNA's role in genetics.
Takeaways
- 🧬 DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is the molecule responsible for storing and coding the genetic information in the body.
- 🌀 DNA is typically located inside the nucleus of the cell and resembles a coiled noodle for most of the cell's life cycle.
- 🔄 During cell replication, DNA is arranged in structures known as chromosomes, which help maintain its stability.
- 🌈 The double helix model of DNA illustrates that it is a polymer made up of many repeating units.
- 🔬 A polymer is a molecule consisting of many repeating units called monomers, such as glucose in the case of starch.
- 🧪 DNA's monomers are nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA, each consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
- 🍬 The sugar in nucleotides is Deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar that is part of the nucleotide structure.
- 🔗 The phosphate group in nucleotides is made up of a phosphorous ion attached to four oxygen atoms.
- 🧠 The nitrogenous bases in DNA are crucial components that pair up to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, contributing to its structure and function.
- 🔎 For a detailed study of nucleotide structure, additional resources are available, as referenced in the video description.
Q & A
What does DNA stand for?
-DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
Where is DNA primarily located within a cell?
-DNA is primarily located inside the nucleus of the cell.
What is the main function of DNA in the body?
-The main function of DNA is to store and code the genetic information of the body.
How is DNA arranged during cell replication?
-During cell replication, DNA is arranged in the form of structures known as chromosomes.
What is the double helix model of DNA?
-The double helix model demonstrates that DNA is a polymer consisting of two strands that coil around each other.
What is a polymer?
-A polymer is a molecule consisting of many repeating units known as monomers.
What is the repeating unit in DNA called?
-The repeating units in DNA are called nucleotides.
What are the three important groups that make up a nucleotide?
-The three important groups that make up a nucleotide are phosphate, the sugar (deoxyribose), and the nitrogenous base.
What is the sugar present in a nucleotide called?
-The sugar present in a nucleotide is called deoxyribose, which is a five-carbon sugar.
What is the role of chromosomes in cell replication?
-Chromosomes help keep the DNA stable and organized during the process of cell replication.
What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
-The nitrogenous bases found in DNA include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
Outlines
🧬 DNA Structure and Function
This paragraph introduces the structure and function of DNA, known as Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is located inside the cell nucleus and is responsible for storing and coding genetic information. DNA is typically coiled within the nucleus but during cell replication, it takes the form of chromosomes to maintain stability. The double helix model of DNA is mentioned, illustrating that DNA is a polymer made up of repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. For more detailed information on nucleotide structure, a link to a video is provided in the description.
😕 Incomplete Information
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Mindmap
Keywords
💡Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
💡Nucleus
💡Chromosomes
💡Double Helix Model
💡Polymer
💡Nucleotides
💡Deoxyribose
💡Phosphate Group
💡Nitrogenous Bases
💡Glucosidic Bonds
💡Replication
Highlights
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is the molecule that stores and codes the genetic information of the body.
DNA is located inside the nucleus of the cell and is coiled like a noodle for most of the cell's life cycle.
During cell replication, DNA is arranged in a structure known as chromosomes to keep it stable.
The double helix model of DNA demonstrates that it is a polymer made up of repeating units.
A polymer is a molecule consisting of many repeating units known as monomers.
Starch is an example of a simple polymer with glucose as its repeating monomeric unit.
DNA is a polymer with nucleotides as its monomeric units.
A nucleotide consists of three important groups: phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base.
The sugar in nucleotides is called Deoxyribose, a five-carbon sugar.
The phosphate group in nucleotides consists of a phosphorous ion attached to four oxygen atoms.
Nitrogenous bases are an essential component of nucleotides and DNA structure.
For detailed study of nucleotide structure, a link to a video is provided in the description.
DNA's structure can be summarized as a polymer with a sugar called Deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases.
The double helix model is a fundamental concept in understanding DNA's structure and function.
Chromosomes play a crucial role in maintaining DNA stability during cell replication.
The nucleus of the cell is the primary location where DNA is stored and functions.
Understanding the concept of a polymer is key to grasping the structure of DNA.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, each consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
Transcripts
In this video we will study about
structure and function of DNA.
DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
and DNA is the molecule which is located
inside the nucleus of the cell
and its main job is store and code the genetic information of the body.
For most of the life cycle of the cell
the DNA is located inside the nucleus of the cell
like a coiled noodle. But during the time when the cell
replicates, the DNA is arranged
in the form of structure, which are known as chromosomes.
And these chromosomes help keep the DNA stable
during the time of the cell replication.
Now, most of you are familiar with the double helix model
of the DNA. The double helix model
demonstrates
that DNA is basically a polymer.
To understand DNA now is a better way
you have to understand the definition of a polymer.
So the polymer is basically a molecule
which is consisting of many repeating units which are
known as monomers. If we take the example of a simple
polymer called a Starch, in this case
the repeating monomaniac units are known as glucose.
These glucose molecules are joined together by
glucosidic bonds and from the polymer
which is known as starch. In a similar way
DNA is also a polymer, in
this case the monomaniac units which form DNA
are known as nucleotides
This is the basic structure of a nucleotide.
You can see that it consists of three important groups:
phosphate,
the sugar,
and the nitrogenous base. Now if you want to study with the
details of the structure of the nucleotides
the link to that video will be in the description below
But in a nutshell you can conlude
that the sugar present inside the nucleotide
is called the Deoxyribose which is a five carbon sugar
which belongs to the ?
The phosphates group consists of a phosphorous ion
to which four oxygen atoms are attached
and then we have the important nitrogeous bases
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