Gender and Development - Philippine Context

Summary

This video script addresses the importance of acknowledging and supporting the LGBTQIA+ community and women in the pursuit of a just and equal society. It delves into concepts such as gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression, clarifying distinctions and debunking misconceptions. The script also covers gender roles, stereotypes, and the evolution of gender and development policies. It highlights the prevalence of sexual harassment and the legal frameworks in place to combat it, emphasizing the need for safe spaces and accountability to foster a society where all can thrive.

Takeaways

• 🌈 The LGBTQIA+ community contributes significantly to society, yet faces ongoing challenges in achieving equality.
• 🔄 It's crucial to support vulnerable groups like LGBTQIA+ and women in the pursuit of a just and equal society.
• 👥 Understanding and using the correct language and terms related to gender and sexual orientation is a step towards inclusivity.
• 🧬 Sex refers to biological traits distinguishing males and females, while gender encompasses psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural aspects.
• 🌟 Sexual orientation includes identity, behavior, and attraction, with various terms like gay, lesbian, bisexual, and pansexual describing different orientations.
• 🏳️‍🌈 Gender identity is an internal sense of self as male, female, or neither, which may not align with one's assigned sex at birth.
• 👗 Gender expression is how individuals present themselves to the world, which can be fluid and not necessarily conform to societal expectations.
• 🌐 The gender and development approach focuses on equitable participation and benefits for both men and women in societal roles and resources.
• 🚫 Gender stereotypes are societal generalizations that can be limiting and are being challenged for a more inclusive society.
• 🛡️ The Safe Spaces Act in the Philippines expands the definition of sexual harassment and provides protective measures in various settings.

Q & A

What does the acronym LGBTQIA+ stand for?

LGBTQIA+ stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, and other identities related to sexual orientation and gender identity.

What is the difference between sex and gender as discussed in the script?

Sex refers to biological traits that distinguish males and females, including sex chromosomes, gonads, internal reproductive organs, and external genitalia. Gender, on the other hand, refers to the psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural aspects of being masculine, feminine, or neither.

What does the term 'sogi' represent?

Sogi is an acronym for Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression. It encompasses a person's sexual and emotional attraction to others, their internal sense of being a man, woman, or neither, and how they present themselves to the world.

What are the three components of sexual orientation according to Ryan Watson mentioned in the script?

The three components of sexual orientation according to Ryan Watson are identity, behavior, and attraction.

What is the definition of 'gender role' as discussed in the script?

Gender role refers to the social behaviors that a culture assigns to each sex, such as expectations from maleness and femaleness in the relative access to resources and social interactions.

What does the term 'cisgender' mean in the context of the script?

Cisgender refers to a person whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth.

How does the script define 'gender non-conforming' individuals?

Gender non-conforming individuals are those who do not conform to traditional expectations of their gender, which may include their appearance, behavior, or other gender roles.

What is the 'gender and development' approach mentioned in the script?

The gender and development approach is a strategy that applies gender analysis to show patterns of how men and women work together, focusing on roles, responsibilities, and expectations assigned to each gender in society.

What is the Safe Spaces Act, and when was it fully enforced?

The Safe Spaces Act, Republic Act Number 11313, is a law that defines gender-based sexual harassment and institutes protective measures. It was fully enforced in 2019.

According to the script, what are some common forms of sexual harassment?

Common forms of sexual harassment include physical contact such as touching, verbal advances, gestures with insinuation, and other behaviors that might cause offense or humiliation.

What is the significance of the Magna Carta of Women in the context of the script?

The Magna Carta of Women, Republic Act Number 9710, mandates non-discriminatory and pro-gender equality measures to enable women's participation in the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies and plans for development.

Outlines

00:00

🌈 Understanding LGBTQIA+ Community and Gender

This paragraph emphasizes the importance of recognizing the LGBTQIA+ community's contributions to society and the ongoing struggle for equality. It explains the difference between sex and gender, with sex being biological traits and gender encompassing psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural aspects. The paragraph introduces the concept of 'soji', an acronym for sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression, and defines various sexual orientations such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, and asexual. It also distinguishes between gender identity, which is one's internal sense of self, and gender expression, which is how one presents oneself to the world. The paragraph concludes by highlighting the significance of learning the language and terms used by the LGBTQIA+ community to support their struggle for an equal society.

05:00

🏳️‍🌈 Gender Identity and Expression Terminology

This paragraph delves into terms related to gender identity and expression, such as transgender, cisgender, binary, non-binary, queer, agender, gender expansive, gender fluid, and gender non-conforming. It also touches upon the concept of gender role, which refers to the social behaviors assigned to each sex by culture. The paragraph discusses the gender and development approach, which focuses on the roles, responsibilities, and expectations assigned to men and women in society. It mentions key milestones in the Philippines' adoption of gender and development policies, including the Magna Carta of Women and the Safe Spaces Act, which aim to promote gender equality and protect against sexual harassment.

10:00

🚹🚺 Challenging Gender Stereotypes and Sexual Harassment

This paragraph discusses the pervasive issue of gender stereotypes and their impact on societal roles and expectations. It highlights the efforts of gender and development policies to challenge these stereotypes and achieve gender equality. The paragraph also addresses the problem of sexual harassment, defining it and explaining its various forms. It outlines the differences between quid pro quo and hostile environment sexual harassment and discusses the Safe Spaces Act, which expands the definition and scope of sexual harassment, including online harassment. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of creating safe spaces and holding offenders accountable to build a just and equal society.

15:00

🛡️ Safe Spaces Act and Combating Sexual Harassment

This paragraph provides an in-depth look at the Safe Spaces Act, which was fully enforced in 2019 and aims to define gender-based sexual harassment and provide protective measures. It contrasts the Act with the previous Anti-Harassment Act of 1995, highlighting the expanded scope of the new law. The paragraph discusses the penalties for sexual harassment under both laws and the importance of creating a safe and just society for all, especially for vulnerable groups like the LGBTQIA+ community and women. It concludes with a call to action for everyone to contribute to a world where all can thrive in safety and equality.

20:05

🌟 Empowering Society Through Equality and Justice

This paragraph serves as a conclusion, emphasizing the need for everyone to work towards creating safe spaces and ensuring the protection of vulnerable groups in society. It calls for the enforcement of laws that protect women and the LGBTQIA+ community and stresses the importance of holding violators accountable. The paragraph ends with a vision of a world founded on equality and justice, where everyone can feel safe and thrive.

Keywords

💡LGBTQIA+

LGBTQIA+ stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, and other identities. It represents a diverse community of individuals with various sexual orientations and gender identities. In the video, the term is used to emphasize the importance of acknowledging and supporting this community in the pursuit of a just and equal society. The video highlights the challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community and the need for societal recognition and equal rights.

💡Gender

Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with being male or female. It is distinct from biological sex and encompasses psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural aspects. The video discusses gender in the context of the LGBTQIA+ community, emphasizing the importance of understanding and respecting the gender identities of individuals, which may not align with traditional binary concepts of male and female.

💡Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation is a term that describes an individual's enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, both genders, or none. It includes various identities such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, pansexual, and asexual. The video script explains that sexual orientation is multifaceted, comprising identity, behavior, and attraction, and it is crucial for understanding the diverse experiences and identities within the LGBTQIA+ community.

💡Gender Identity

Gender identity is a person's internal, deeply-felt sense of being male, female, or something else. It may or may not correspond to the sex assigned at birth. The video script uses the term to highlight the distinction between one's biological sex and their self-identified gender, which can be a significant aspect of an individual's identity and experience, particularly for transgender and non-binary individuals.

💡Gender Expression

Gender expression refers to how a person presents their gender to the world, which can include clothing, behavior, and other external factors. It may or may not align with societal expectations or an individual's gender identity. The video script discusses gender expression in relation to the freedom of individuals to express their gender in ways that are authentic to them, without conforming to traditional gender roles.

💡Cisgender

Cisgender is a term used to describe individuals whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth. The video script mentions cisgender in the context of contrasting experiences and identities within the broader discussion of gender and sexual orientation, emphasizing the diversity of experiences and the importance of recognizing and respecting all identities.

💡Transgender

Transgender refers to individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. The video script addresses the challenges faced by transgender individuals, such as the need for societal acceptance and legal recognition of their gender identity, as well as the medical steps some may take to align their physical appearance with their gender identity.

💡Gender Non-Conforming

Gender non-conforming individuals do not adhere to societal expectations or stereotypes about how individuals of their assigned gender should behave or present themselves. The video script uses this term to underscore the importance of recognizing and respecting the diverse ways in which people express their gender, which may not fit within traditional binary frameworks.

💡Gender and Development

Gender and development is an approach that focuses on the roles, responsibilities, and expectations assigned to men and women in society, aiming to achieve gender equality. The video script discusses this concept in relation to national policies and initiatives, such as those in the Philippines, which seek to ensure equal participation and benefits for both genders in development processes.

💡Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates an offensive or humiliating environment. The video script addresses the prevalence of sexual harassment and the legal measures, such as the Safe Spaces Act in the Philippines, which aim to protect individuals and create safe environments free from such harassment.

Highlights

The LGBTQIA+ community's significant role in building a better world is often overlooked by society.

Vulnerable groups like the LGBTQIA+ community and women still face long-standing challenges in achieving equality.

It's crucial to understand and support these groups in their struggle for an equal society.

Gender is distinct from sex, with sex being biological traits and gender referring to psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural aspects.

Sexual orientation encompasses identity, behavior, and attraction, and includes various terms like gay, lesbian, bisexual, and more.

Gender identity is one's internal sense of being male, female, or neither, which may not align with assigned sex at birth.

Gender expression is how individuals present their gender to the world, which can be fluid or non-conforming.

Gender roles are social behaviors assigned to each sex, often reinforcing stereotypes.

Transgender individuals have a gender identity that differs from their assigned sex at birth.

Cisgender people's gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth.

Non-binary individuals do not identify exclusively as male or female.

The Gender and Development approach focuses on equitable roles and responsibilities for both men and women in society.

The Philippines has adopted a national plan for gender equality and development.

Gender stereotypes are societal generalizations that can be limiting and are being challenged.

Gender mainstreaming ensures that policies consider the different needs and struggles of women and men.

Sexual harassment is a widespread issue affecting both males and females, and can occur in various settings.

The Safe Spaces Act in the Philippines expands the definition of sexual harassment and provides protective measures.

It's essential to create safe spaces and hold harassers accountable to build a just and equal society.

Transcripts

[Music]

there are millions of people who are

part of the lgbtqia plus community

and yet our society still does not

acknowledge

who they are and their roles in building

a better world

in our insistence of preserving the

status quo

we disregard our pursuit of creating a

society that is just for all

vulnerable groups such as the lgbtqia

plus community

and women in general in this modern age

still face decades-long challenges in

achieving equality

it is our duty to continue this struggle

with them

it is important that we understand who

they are and that we support them in

their struggle for an equal society

that fully accepts them for who they are

by giving them the same rights and

opportunities

that are only available to those who

conform to the status quo

learning their language and the terms

they use is a step towards the right

direction

what is gender what is the difference

between sex and gender

what is soji sex means biological traits

that distinguish between males and

females

there are a number of indicators of

biological sex

including sex chromosomes gonads

internal reproductive organs and

external genitalia

gender on the other hand is the

condition of being a man

woman both or neither sex usually refers

to the biological aspects of being male

or female

whereas gender implies the psychological

behavioral

social and cultural aspects of being

masculine

feminine or neither soji is the acronym

for sexual orientation

gender identity and expression sexual

orientation refers

to a person's sexual and emotional

attraction to another person

it answers the question who do you love

sexual orientation is how a person

characterizes their sexuality

according to ryan watson there are three

distinct components of sexual

orientation

it's comprised of first identity second

behavior and third attraction

here are some terms under sexual

orientation

gay a sexual orientation that describes

a person who is emotionally or sexually

attracted to people of their own gender

it is commonly used to describe men

lesbian a woman who is emotionally or

sexually attracted to other women

bisexual a person who is emotionally or

sexually attracted to more than one sex

or gender

pansexual a person who can be attracted

to all different kinds of people

regardless of their biological sex or

gender identity

a sexual a person who experiences no

sexual attraction to other people

demisexual someone who doesn't develop

sexual attraction to anyone

until they have a strong emotional

connection

same gender loving a term some in the

african-american community use

instead of lesbian gay or bisexual

to express sexual attraction to people

of the same gender

aromantic a person who experiences

little or no romantic attraction to

others

there's a common misconception that

gender identity

gender expression and sexual orientation

are all the same thing

but are independent from one another

gender identity is who you see yourself

as

it refers to one's internal sense of

being a man

woman or neither this may or may not

correspond to a person's sex

assigned at birth or to a person's

primary or secondary sex characteristics

it answers the question who are you

gender expression is how you present

yourself to the world

it is a presentation of an individual

including physical appearance

clothing choice and behaviors that

express

aspects of gender identity or rule

gender expression

may or may not conform to a person's

gender identity

well-known gender expressions are gender

neutral

gender fluid or gender non-conforming

here are terms under gender identity and

expression

gender role the social behaviors that

culture assigns to each sex

for example we are made to believe that

girls play with dolls

while boys play with shocks however this

should not be the case at all

transgender a person's gender identity

differs from the sex they were assigned

at birth

cisgender a person whose gender identity

aligns with the sex they were assigned

at birth

binary the concept of dividing sex or

gender into two clear categories

sex is male or female gender is

masculine or feminine

non-binary someone who doesn't identify

exclusively as female or male gender

queer

people who reject static conventional

categories of gender

and instead embrace fluid ideas of

gender and often

sexual orientation these are people

whose gender identity can be both

male and female neither male nor female

or a combination of male and female

agender someone who doesn't identify as

any particular gender gender expansive

it is an umbrella term used to refer to

people who don't identify with

traditional gender roles

gender fluid when a person is gender

fluid

it means that he or she does not

identify with a single fixed gender

a person whose gender identity may shift

gender non-conforming people who don't

conform to traditional

expectations of their gender transsexual

a person's gender identity does not

align with the sex they were assigned at

birth

and who takes medical steps such as sex

reassignment

surgery or hormone therapy to change

their body to match their gender

transvestite a person dresses in

clothing generally identified with the

opposite gender or sex gender and

development was developed in the 1980s

as an alternative to the women in

development approach

gender and development approach is

concerned with the way in which

a society assigns roles responsibilities

and expectations to both men and women

it applies gender analysis to show

patterns on how men

and women work together using mutual

interpretation of economics and

competence

the two major frameworks of gender and

development

are gender roles and social relations

analysis

gender role focus on social construction

of identities within the household

it also reveals the expectations from

maleness and femaleness

in the relative access to resources

on the other hand social relations

analysis

exposes the social dimensions of

hierarchical

power relations embedded in social

institutions and its

influence on the relative position of

men and women in society

in the philippines gender and

development is a national plan that

addresses

provides and pursues a full equality and

development for men and women

it was approved and adopted by former

president fidel v

ramos as executive number 273

on september 8 1995. following the

adaptation

the following related events also took

place

on may 27 1998 with

denr administrative order number 98-15

revised guidelines on the implementation

of gender and development

activities in the department of

environment and natural resources was

provided

this is done in order to strengthen the

dnr

god focal point system and accomplish

the god vision partnership of empowered

men

and women for sustainable development

on august 14 2009 republic act number

9710

or the magna carta of women was approved

this mandates non-discriminatory and

pro-gender

equality and equity measures to enable

women's participation in the formulation

implementation and evaluation of

policies

and plans for national regional and

local development

on october 21 2011 a memorandum circular

number

2011-01 was released

it was addressed to all government

departments

including their attached agencies

offices

bureaus state universities and colleges

government-owned and controlled

corporations and all

other government instrumentalities to

implement guidelines and procedures

for the establishment strengthening and

institutionalization

of the god focal point system

gender stereotypes are generalizations

about the roles of each

gender these stereotypes are generally

neither positive nor negative as they

basically box

genders into ideals established in

society

some examples of gender stereotypes are

women should be a housewife and a man

should have a job

to finance his family another one is

men should not be emotionally sensitive

while women

are emotional and vulnerable individuals

obviously these stereotypes are

simplistic

and do not at all describe the

attributes of every person of

each gender until now even though we

have

different policies that reject gender

stereotyping

the habit is still prevalent in our

society

thus we can assume that it was worse

before the implementation of

gender and development and any other

related policies

gender and development seeks to achieve

gender equality

as a fundamental value that should be

reflected in development choices

it contends that women are active agents

of development

and not just passive recipients of

development

it aims to ensure that both men and

women can participate

in and benefit from development in a way

that is equitable

this equity involves matters such as

everyday needs like food health

employment and finance

the idea of gender mainstreaming is

closely tied to gender and development

gender means streaming is an approach to

policy making

that takes into account both women's and

men's interests and concerns

it is an inclusive strategy aimed at

integrating the needs of all people

since women and men have different needs

and struggles

varying from one place to another gender

mainstreaming attempts to design

program and evaluate policies that would

recognize

these differences to minimize further

inequality

sexual harassment happens to everyone

everywhere no matter the age

male or female the united nations entity

for gender equality and the empowerment

of women

defines sexual harassment as any

unwelcome sexual advance

request for sexual favor verbal or

physical conduct or gesture of a sexual

nature

or any other behavior of a sexual nature

that might reasonably be expected

or be perceived to cause offense or

humiliation to another

it may occur between persons of same or

opposite sex

and both males and females can be both

victims and offenders

there is no exception as to where sexual

harassment can happen

since it can exist in schools workplace

streets our own home and even online

the forms of sexual harassment according

to the philippine statistics authority

are physical

which includes malicious touching overt

sexual advances

and gestures with insinuation verbal

such as but not limited to requests or

demands for sexual favors and loyalty

remarks

the use of objects pictures or graphics

letters or written notes with sexual

underpinnings and other forms similar to

this

on the other hand the equal employment

opportunity commission or the eooc

stated that there are two types of

sexual harassment claims

named liquid pro quo and hostile

environment

in a quid pro quo sexual harassment it

involves a demand for sexual favors in

exchange

for some benefit this is usually

committed by someone in a position of

power or authority over another

meanwhile a hostile environment sexual

harassment involves a speech or conduct

that creates an intimidating or

demeaning environment

this type is the one that is mostly done

and experienced

since it includes sexual jokes display

of inappropriate or obscene materials

pervasive interactions like asking for

dates persistently

cat calling and dwell whistling

in the old law it is not recognized that

harassment can also happen between

colleagues or peers

and in public places like the streets

malls and cyberspace

the safe spaces act addresses these

shortcomings such as anyone can now be

an offender

and it can happen everywhere it also

includes sexist homophobic and

transphobic remarks

online sexual harassment involves

invasion of the victim's

privacy through cyber stalking and

constant messaging

impersonating recording or sharing

photos

videos and information without

permission and posting lies to harm

their reputation

apart from the harassed people

themselves someone else can also file a

complaint

however the victim still needs to

testify to make the case stronger

in this new law privately owned public

places

employers schools the local government

units or the lgus

and national government agencies shall

ensure one's protection against sexual

harassment

schools are obliged to investigate even

if the victim does not want to file a

complaint or does not request for the

school to take any action

from the survey conducted in 2016 by the

social weather stations or sws

as part of un women's safety cities

metro manila program

it was found out that three in five

women experienced sexual harassment

at least once in their lifetime among

the 800 respondents from the two baron

guys in kazan city

one in seven women admitted to being

sexually harassed

at least once every week and one in

seven men admitted to committing sexual

harassment at least

daily furthermore 80 percent of women

aging from 18 to 24 years old

have experienced sexual harassment once

in their lifetime

it was found out that such sexual

harassment includes wall whistling

lascivious language stalking voyeurism

groping rubbing or touching cat calling

indecent gestures exhibitionism and

public masturbation

sending of pornographic pictures or

videos in cyber violence

it was also found out that 58 of sexual

harassment

are experienced on the streets and most

of physical harassment happen in public

transport vehicles

the survey further states that albe both

males and females are possible victims

or offenders

males dominate the offender regardless

of educational background or employment

status

because of this and the conservative

family oriented culture of filipinos

victims rarely voiced out usually

harassed women are silent because of the

fear of being

hurt or abused again harassed children

on the other hand

stay quiet because they are unaware that

what they are experiencing is wrong

or if they tell it to their mothers they

will also stay silent and neglect

republic act number 11313 or the safe

spaces act

was fully enforced last 2019 and is an

act

defining gender-based sexual harassment

institutes

public spaces online workplaces and

educational or training institutions

providing protective measures and

prescribing penalties

prior to this enactment there was

already a law that addresses sexual

harassment

which is the republic act number 7877

or the anti-harassment act of 1995.

however this is a limited definition of

sexual harassment

and it also limits who can be charged of

such offense

as only persons in authority could be

charged with this new law

the scope of sexual harassment has been

expanded

all these being said it must be noted

that this new law does not replace the

original one

someone could be charged under both laws

if they are qualified

and offenses could cross with other laws

like the anti-violence against women and

children act

penalties in the republic act number

7877

range from imprisonment of one to six

months or a fine of not less than ten

thousand pesos

but not more than twenty thousand pesos

or both at the description of the court

on the other hand penalties in republic

act number one one three one three

ranges from one thousand pesos and a

community service

up to 500 000 pesos and imprisonment

depending on the kind of sexual

harassment that has been made

and the number of offense licenses of

perpetrators may be canceled and

franchises may be revoked

it is imperative for all of us to create

safe spaces for everybody

especially for those who are vulnerable

to discrimination and harassment like

the lgbtqia plus community

and women in our society we just cannot

allow ourselves to live in a world where

vulnerable groups do not feel safe

while sexual harassers and those who

discriminate against non-conforming

people

roam around and bothered because they

know they can get away with everything

crafting rules and laws that protect

women and the lgbtqia plus

is a solid first step in building a just

and equal society

the second step is giving these groups

the assurance

that these loss of teeth and those who

are found violating these laws are held

accountable

we must strive to build a world founded

on equality and justice

so all of us can wake up each day

knowing our society

is a safe space where we can thrive and

[Music]

grow

you