Grade 11, session 1: biodiversity: microorganisms and related disease

Summary

In this educational video, Sarah, a biomedical engineering student, debunks the myth of her age while sharing her passion for biology. She dives into the world of microorganisms, exploring viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi, explaining their structures, life cycles, and roles in ecosystems and diseases. Sarah's enthusiasm for the subject is evident as she breaks down complex biological concepts, making them accessible and engaging for her audience.

Takeaways

• 🎓 Sarah, the tutor, has a background in biomedical engineering and is passionate about biology, particularly its application to living organisms.
• 🧬 She emphasizes the importance of understanding the basics of biology from high school to better grasp complex concepts in university.
• 🦠 Viruses are described as parasites that require a host to survive and replicate, lacking the characteristics of a living organism.
• 🔬 The script covers different types of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi, and their roles in the environment and diseases.
• 🌿 Bacteria are highlighted for their diverse roles, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria that are beneficial for plants, and E. coli which aids in digestion and vitamin synthesis.
• 🍄 Fungi are presented as essential for processes like decomposition and as sources of beneficial substances like penicillin.
• 🤧 Influenza is discussed as a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by viruses, which can be transmitted through respiratory droplets.
• 💊 Tuberculosis is identified as a bacterial disease primarily affecting the lungs, which is treatable with medication if caught early.
• 🌡 Malaria is a disease caused by protists and transmitted by mosquitoes, affecting red blood cells and causing symptoms like fever and chills.
• 🦶 Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, treatable with antifungal creams or oral medication.
• 🌱 The script concludes with an inspirational message about turning ideas into reality through imagination, belief, and hard work.

Q & A

Who is the presenter of the 'Tutor Box Live' session?

The presenter of the 'Tutor Box Live' session is Sarah.

What is Sarah's educational background according to the script?

Sarah studied biomedical engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand and is currently in her fourth year.

What does Sarah express a strong interest in studying?

Sarah expresses a strong interest in studying biology, particularly the processes that occur within living organisms and how they interact.

What is the main purpose of Sarah's 'Tutor Box Live' session?

The main purpose of Sarah's 'Tutor Box Live' session is to help clarify concepts in biology, focusing on biodiversity, microorganisms, their roles in the environment, symbiotic relationships, and their relation to diseases.

What are the general characteristics of a virus as described by Sarah?

According to Sarah, a virus is a parasite that is specific to its host, causes many kinds of diseases, and needs a host to survive and replicate its DNA.

What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria?

Autotrophic bacteria can produce their own energy through photosynthesis or chemical reactions, while heterotrophic bacteria need to obtain food from other living or dead organic matter.

What are the three types of symbiotic relationships mentioned by Sarah?

The three types of symbiotic relationships mentioned by Sarah are commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.

What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the environment?

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that living organisms can use, such as nitrates, which plants can absorb and use to create proteins and enzymes.

What are the symptoms of influenza as described in the script?

The symptoms of influenza include coughing, fever, tiredness or fatigue, headaches, and a runny nose.

How is malaria transmitted from person to person?

Malaria is transmitted from person to person through the bite of a mosquito that has previously bitten an infected person.

What is athlete's foot and how can it be treated?

Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that affects the skin, particularly between the toes. It can be treated with topical antifungal creams, and in severe cases, oral antifungal medication.

Outlines

00:00

🎓 Introduction to the Science Tutor

Sarah, the tutor, introduces herself as a biomedical engineering student at the University of the Witwatersrand, debunking the myth that she is 14 years old. She expresses her passion for biology, particularly the intricate processes within living organisms. Sarah's motivation for tutoring stems from her past struggles with the subject in high school, which she aims to help students overcome by focusing on foundational concepts that build upon each other from high school to university level.

05:00

🦠 Understanding Viruses and Their Characteristics

This paragraph delves into the nature of viruses, highlighting their parasitic behavior and specificity to certain hosts. Viruses are described as non-living organisms that require a host cell to replicate, injecting their genetic material into the host's nucleus. The summary also touches on the debate about whether viruses are living organisms and their role in causing diseases, such as the common cold and more recently, COVID-19.

10:03

🌿 Exploring Bacterial Relationships and Structures

The third paragraph examines the different types of bacteria, their survival preferences, and basic cellular structures. It discusses autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, including photosynthetic and chemo synthetic bacteria, and their roles in the ecosystem. The paragraph also covers various symbiotic relationships bacteria can have with other organisms, such as commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism, providing examples like bacteria in the human digestive tract and parasitic bacteria causing disease.

15:04

🌿🍄 Diving into Protists and Fungi

This section introduces protists and fungi, discussing their need for aquatic or damp environments and their basic structures, which include a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleoid where DNA is located. It differentiates between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists and fungi, and their modes of reproduction, primarily asexual. Examples of protists like algae and fungi such as mushrooms and yeast are given, along with a brief mention of the discovery of penicillin from fungi.

20:06

🍞 Fungus Growth and Its Impact

The script describes the life cycle and growth of a fungus, specifically Rhizopus, using the example of mold growing on bread. It explains the structure of the fungus, including the sporangium, stolon, and rhizoids, and how spores are released to spread and grow on new substrates. A video by G phase is recommended for a visual understanding of the fungus's growth and structure.

25:10

😂 Humorous Break and Educational Content

During a short break, viewers are encouraged to watch an educational yet humorous video about bacteria posted by Jeff Simmons. The video features a humorous portrayal of the bacterium Campylobacter, illustrating how it multiplies in the human body under favorable conditions.

30:12

🤧 Diseases Caused by Microorganisms

This paragraph discusses various diseases caused by microorganisms, including influenza caused by viruses, tuberculosis and other diseases caused by bacteria, and malaria caused by protists. It explains the transmission, symptoms, and treatment options for each disease, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent severe outcomes or death.

35:14

🦶 Athlete's Foot and Its Treatment

The final paragraph of the script addresses athlete's foot, a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet. It describes how the infection is contracted, its symptoms, and the treatment options available, such as topical antifungal creams and oral medications for more severe cases.

40:15

🚀 The Power of Imagination and Belief

In a motivational closing, the script encourages viewers to use their imagination to envision their future, believe in the possibilities, and take action to make their dreams a reality. It acknowledges the challenges and the need to develop oneself, emphasizing the importance of making mistakes and creating one's own rules to redefine what is possible.

Keywords

💡Biomedical Engineering

Biomedical Engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to improve healthcare delivery. In the video, Sarah, the tutor, mentions studying biomedical engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, indicating her academic background and expertise, which is relevant to the biological concepts she discusses throughout the video.

💡Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in all its forms and levels of organization, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. The script touches on biodiversity by discussing microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi, emphasizing their roles in the environment and their impact on ecosystems.

💡Virus

A virus is a small infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. In the script, Sarah explains that viruses are parasites, needing a host to survive, and they are not considered living organisms due to their lack of cellular structure. The concept of viruses is used to illustrate the complexity of biological systems and their interactions.

💡Symbiotic Relationships

Symbiotic relationships are close, long-term interactions between different biological species. The video script delves into three types of symbiosis: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism, using examples such as bacteria in the human digestive tract and parasitic bacteria to explain how organisms can benefit or harm one another in these relationships.

💡Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are present in every habitat on Earth. The script describes bacteria as having a basic structure with a cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA in a region called the nucleoid. Bacteria are discussed in various contexts, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and E. coli, to highlight their importance in biological processes and human health.

💡Protists

Protists are eukaryotic microorganisms that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi. The script briefly mentions protists as part of the biodiversity discussion, indicating that they can be found in aquatic or damp soil environments and have a simple structure with a cell wall and membrane.

💡Fungi

Fungi are a group of organisms that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. They are characterized by having a cell wall and being either unicellular or multicellular. In the script, fungi are discussed in terms of their role in decomposition, as well as their beneficial and harmful interactions with humans, such as penicillin production and athlete's foot infection.

💡Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The script describes influenza as a highly infectious disease that spreads through respiratory droplets and can lead to severe symptoms, emphasizing the importance of understanding how diseases are transmitted and managed.

💡Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs. The script explains TB as a curable disease that can be prevented from spreading through medication and proper treatment, highlighting the role of medical intervention in managing bacterial infections.

💡Malaria

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted to people through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The script details the life cycle of the malaria parasite and its effects on red blood cells, causing symptoms such as fever, chills, and anemia, and emphasizing the importance of prevention and treatment in affected areas.

💡Athlete's Foot

Athlete's foot is a fungal infection that affects the skin on the feet, particularly between the toes. The script mentions athlete's foot as an example of a common fungal infection that can be treated with antifungal creams or medications, illustrating the impact of fungi on human health and the importance of hygiene.

Highlights

Introduction of Sarah as a live science tutor with a passion for biology and biomedical engineering.

Sarah's educational background in biomedical engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand.

The importance of understanding biology from a cellular level to complex organisms.

Sarah's motivation to tutor stems from her own high school struggles with biology.

The significance of studying the little things in biology for a strong foundation.

Overview of biodiversity and the study of microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi.

Definition and characteristics of a virus as a non-living parasite.

Explanation of the life cycle and replication process of a virus within a host.

Types of symbiotic relationships: commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism.

Role of bacteria in the human digestive system and their mutualistic benefits.

Characteristics of bacteria including their autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyles.

The structure and survival needs of protists, including their aquatic habitat preference.

Fungi as decomposers in ecosystems and their role in disease and antibiotic production.

Explanation of the structure of a fungus and the process of spore release and growth.

Humorous video on bacteria highlighting their rapid multiplication under favorable conditions.

Discussion on diseases caused by microorganisms, including influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, and athlete's foot.

Importance of early diagnosis and treatment for diseases like influenza to prevent severe outcomes.

Malaria's life cycle within a host and the symptoms experienced during infection.

Preventive measures and treatments for diseases caused by microorganisms.

Inspirational closing message encouraging viewers to imagine, believe, and work towards their dreams.

Emphasis on the power of ideas, imagination, and the role of mistakes in achieving success.

Transcripts

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hey guys my name is Sarah and I'm

toolboxes live science tutor welcome to

tutor box live in conjunction with Kovac

nineteen cache obsession let me just

tell you a little bit about myself first

of all I am NOT fourteen other people

think I am 14 they say that little 14

but trust me I am NOT 14 I am an old

lady but I am a kid at heart

um I studied biomedical engineering at

the University of the Witwatersrand or

all the gist bits and this year is my

fourth year mm-hmm it's been a journey

guys it's been real um so why I decided

to do this well I love biology you know

like just from the smallest thing of

like you know a cell coming into this

large living organism like it's just so

interesting to study it's so ancient

interesting study like you know all

these processes and stuff like that that

like you know happen on living organisms

most do something on living organisms

stuff will be here but I'm more into it

with living organisms just like Luke

needs and things but you know how they

breathe how they move how they talk and

interact and always kind of stuff like

it's just like you know it makes me like

you know wonder how do we do these

things why do we do these things you

know what is like you know the

connecting factor that like you know

results in this so all these kind of

biological things I enjoy and like you

know it is a part of my degree

biomedical engineering you know and just

like a lot of these like wonderful

biological works just like you know it

just represents like you know what God

has done in us so I'm happy for that I

decided to to to biology because I was

once upon a time in your shoes I used to

struggle when I was like you know in

high school and I never like you know

got the box and I wanted to get and I

just didn't understand why until like um

when I was studying it in university and

I just like noticed like the little

things that um I should have known like

you know from in high school and like if

I know those little things I was like

you know would have gotten better

so we've done better like in all my

years so my problem was is that I didn't

pay attention like you know to the

things that were done and stuff like

that like I used to take things for

granted but fear not because I am here

for you now we are going to get rid of

those like you know negative thoughts

about biology we're going to study like

you know the little things because

biology adds on from great end reliving

from 11 to 12 and from grade 12 and to

like you know university it always like

you know piled on so I'm here to help

clarify the little things you don't

understand okay so what we're going to

take a look at is biodiversity we're

going to do a vision on microorganisms

such as viruses bacteria protists and

fungi and then also we're going to look

at what role they play in the

environment and we're going to go look

at some symbiotic relationships and also

relate to diseases

okay so a virus basically what it is is

a parasite okay

never forget it's a parasite so viruses

need a location to survive okay so it it

can only like survive in another like

host in another living cell okay and

that's because it's not really a living

organism if we can put it that way and

it's like that because of its

characteristics it doesn't have a

nucleus they have mitochondria doesn't

have ribosomes doesn't have like a fact

have all of the necessary organelles

that will classify it as in living

organism yet some sciences are still

arguing that maybe it's not nothing but

it's kind of like an in-between state

but for now just now the virus is a

cellular and we consider to be a non

living organism okay general

characteristics a virus is a parasite a

parasite that is your one guaranteed

mark of parasites okay

they are very specific with their host

okay they like don't just go into any

kind of like you know sound living

organism and just reproduce itself no no

no no I mean like just think about all

the viruses that like you know we know

of like there are thousands thousands of

like viruses I'm pretty sure we would

have all been dead if a virus was not

specific with regards to its host so

yeah what else is it they cause many

kinds of diseases so Corona and and

viruses they need a host in order to

have like you know their DNA replicated

so in order for reproduction to occur

with them they need a host but basically

what it does is that it injects its um

what he called its genetic information

into another living organism more

specifically the nucleus and it replaces

the nucleus of that living organism with

its DNA and then its DNA gets replicated

its proteins get made everything like

you know that it's in code for it gets

me so my even like you know just make

another virus out like you know the way

that it is that will produce go and

infect another living organism and do

the same do the same do the same okay so

here we have our virus at once along and

find a living organism to do its DNA

replication so it will inject its DNA

into this living organism and then a

shower will die its DNA will replace the

DNA of the living organism and then that

little organism is going to create

proteins going to replicate the it's

going to do whatever the virus is in a

state that it should do a symbiotic

relationship it's just basically how to

living organisms are able to like relate

with each other in love with each other

okay so we have three types

we got commensalism parasitic and

mutualistic so commensalism is just

basically when this so be talking about

bacteria here means please

being specific with regards to bacteria

so this bacteria will be able to feed

off its hosts little potatoes do

whatever and it will benefits but it

will not harm the host that's it okay

mutualistic is that this bacteria will

be able to feed up the host and it and

in it feeding off of its host its host

gets benefits like you know from

whatever that is doing on it okay and

parasitic I'm not sure if I have to

define this for you but parasitic just

means that the bacteria will get its

food will get whatever it once from its

host but it will also harm the host okay

yeah I'll just give you an example of

like two of the relationships so

mutualistic we have some mutualistic

bacteria on us and also in us so more

specifically like we have bacteria in

our digestive tract so what they

basically do is that they help to break

down like you know some of the food that

wasn't able to be digested by your own

stomach in the instance tyne so what it

does that it helps you by breaking down

those that food and then it gets that

food okay

and parasitic well you know and an

example of a parasitic bacteria would be

teeny

okay so the next living organism is the

bacteria okay

bacteria are bigger you can see them

underneath the microscope but you still

can't really see them the naked eye so

y'all um the locational survival where

bacteria need to be in order to live

take a look anywhere anywhere but they

also do prefer places that are dark and

moist okay

their basic structure there like I've

said before they are the smallest

organelles which you can also still see

them underneath the microscope and they

are unicellular so mean that they are

made out of one cell type just one so

there are no difference whatsoever just

one

okay and they have a cell wall they have

some membrane they got a cytoplasm they

got ribosomes they have DNA but no

nucleus their DNA is just confined in

the certain like you know location in it

so and we call that area the nucleoid

okay and it has a little flagellum so it

can move around and swim in places okay

so the general characteristics of

bacteria so basically there are two

types of bacteria you have autotrophic

bacteria and you have heterotrophic

bacteria so autotrophic just take the

first four liters of o2 off autotrophic

otto and think about like you know

something that's automatic right so

something that's automatic is able to do

something without like you know a

required stimulus from outside okay so

it decides like you know that it's going

to do something by itself okay so there

are two types of autotrophic bacteria

you have your photosynthetic bacteria

and you have your chemo synthetic

bacteria so basically photosynthetic you

know what photosynthesis is if it has

chlorophyll it will be able to

photosynthesize and it'll be able to

produce energy of its own but if it's

chemo since chemo synthetic basically

it's just going to gain its energy from

chemical reactions like maybe from

breaking down some food or something

that that it obtains in its body

so yeah chemosynthetic so with that kind

of bacteria it just basically gets its

energy from like chemical reactions that

take place in its body okay and then

afters we have heterotrophic

heterotrophic means that they need to

obtain food from other matter within

living or dead is so there are three

types of heterotrophic bacteria we have

parasitic saprotrophic and mutualistic

so saprotrophic bacteria are the type of

bacteria that feed on dead matter

so hands i say it like you know either

living or dead heterotrophic can feed on

both so yeah

okay next up our protest can you believe

that plankton from SpongeBob SquarePants

is actually approaches nanana oh well I

don't know available but still I never

knew I never thought about that

okay so protests basically they need

aquatic areas to survive or just damp

soil to survive okay

their basic structure is that they are

unicellular and some of them can be

multicellular but the ones that are

multicellular on macroscopic

so mean that you can see them with the

naked eye unicellular would be the tiny

one so those are microscopic so an

example of a macroscopic protest would

be algae okay you can see those

everywhere in the river

not even in the rivers okay um they all

have a cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm

ribosomes DNA that is concentrated in a

specific area and we call that a

nucleoid and they also have a legitimate

very similar to bacteria it's just that

they like aquatic areas so their general

characters current characteristics is

that they'll also hit your topic some of

them are autotrophic okay so their

general characteristics so also like the

bacteria they can either be hydrophobic

or autotrophic and they reproduce

asexually

so do bacteria so do viruses but yeah

then examples of them would be mosses

algae protozoans you know so by that a

lot of these things you find in damp

places or aquatic places okay last but

not least funky

so funky needs to survive unlike the

soil or like on dead matter so have you

guys ever seen like after it rains for a

few days and on your lawns or like

someone else's lawn or wherever just

grassy areas okay

you'll find these little white mushrooms

that are busy popping up yeah those are

all

bangee and those ones are very dangerous

do not cut chips out of dangerous but

anyways so similar basic structure so I

titled the similar basic structure

because there are different types of

funky like there's so many so these are

like the similar characteristics between

all of these different types of funky so

they have a cell wall and most of them

are multicellular some of them are

unicellular like yeast so funky refugees

by means of sports and you can see how

different they are from the virus from

the bacteria from the protests where

they all do asexual reproduction so for

your homework I want you to tell me why

you think that this is such why do they

oracle reproduce by means of sports okay

and some examples of funghi would be

mushrooms yeast ringworms

the type of ones that like caused

athlete's foot you know and you can also

get those molds that like you know form

on food and another thing is that

science is like you know before like way

long ago they found a way like you know

to make an antibiotic like you know

using this kind of funky so they called

this fungi penicillin no Tunde okay and

it's just an antibiotic that it's just

used to treat some bacterial infections

okay so let's just draw out the

structure of a Rizzo purse fungus

okay so let's cool so I'm going to add

into these last three sporangium I'm

gonna make it look like a transition way

it's like little a lot and then also as

it causes the sporangium to burst open

okay so now let's just say that this

rose opus was going on what it called

bread riots and slice of bread what's

gonna happen is how this thing spreads

is that this one spot over here maybe

like you know multiple of them but let's

just concentrate on one of them that's

gonna land on the bread and then up to

us it's going to start growing and

multiply so it's gonna start with the

roots and it's gonna what do you call it

growth style on and stuff like that and

then create like another okay so now

we're going to label the structure okay

so we will start off with this this is

called the sporangium that holds the

spores inside it then I'll label the

stems and already called inverted commas

as perennial fours

sporangia for then the roots are called

resides and then the thing that I

circled is known as spool and lastly the

thing that connects these two structures

is called a stolen alright so what we're

gonna look at now is a cool but not cool

video of fungus growing on bread so this

fungus is known as the MS opus and this

video was done by G phase so what I like

about it is that like how this person

focus on certain parts of the fungus

that was growing on the bread and like

you can see the structure of the fungus

like you know as it grows as it spreads

and stuff like that so on just give it a

quick watch and yeah enjoy

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you

okay guys so now we're going to head up

into our break

Misha's little short four minute break

during this break I'd like to I'd like

you guys to keep watch this video it was

posted by Jeff Simmons

it's about bacteria and I find it very

humorous well my friend think I have a

very best in tequila but just watch it

anyways it's funny it's educational it's

about bacteria and then otherwise you

can enjoy your break if you have any

questions please can you post them down

in the comment section below and I'll be

sure to answer them thanks guys

hi i'm i'm Campylobacter and i'm a

pathogen have you been doing this week

well it started off okay but i got on

some kids fingers and then i got into a

stomach and then i was in as kind of gut

and I I just couldn't help myself I just

I started started multiplying right

we're not here to judge tell us what

happened did you try the exercises I did

I tried the breathing exercises it

didn't really work really well I tried I

tried I tried to stop myself multiplying

I tried but I just couldn't

what happened key term what happened

okay well when I'm in a place that's

more instant

and I'm so lonely I could cry

through satellite TV

I start to multiply given conditions

that are favorable every 20 minutes we

will sub

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we're gong to multiply through your body

will multiply exponentially will

colonize your intestine will make just

simple like you know

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okay I just decided to watch the video

because it's so funny I love it okay so

anyways we're gonna continue on to the

next section we're going to look at the

diseases that these microorganisms

course

so we'll start off with the virus

influenza influenza is a highly

infectious disease of the respiratory

tract and basically like you know how it

starts off and how it spread is that it

comes from different kinds of like

strange of viruses so these chains like

you know caused by mutations and

basically how it spreads is that if a

person is infected with this and maybe

like you know they caught or they share

like you know like exchange saliva with

somebody else like you know by means I'm

sharing a cup or what can I say sharing

a spoon or something like that then the

virus can spread into the other person

so the main function of bacteria well

two functions that will focus on we're

going to be looking at nitrogen-fixing

bacteria and e-coli that we find in our

human in society so basically what

nitrogen fixing bacteria do is that so

we have nitrogen free nitrogen that is

like you know in the atmosphere and

basically plants they use up the

nitrogen that is found in the soil so

what the bacteria in the soil do is that

they are able to convert nitrogen into

nitrate and nitrate is a type of it's

another form of nitrogen that's living

organisms are able to use so that

nitrate can be taken up by the plants

and not not be used in their cellular

processes like you know it will be able

to create proteins and enzymes and

whatever else in action is needed to do

in this house now bacteria does this all

at a cost they obtain carbohydrates from

the plants and they give all my children

or all the nitrates to the plants so

yeah and e-coli and human in science

basically like I've explained before we

have bacteria that are far enough into

science what they do is that they break

down the food that pecan digest and in

them breaking it down they can give some

food as paint so they're also able to

like synthesize vitamin B vitamin D and

vitamin K for our own use so here we

have an infected person let's call this

guy Bob Bob has influenza now what

happens is

Bob cops and some of the he saliva like

you know comes out his mouth as he pops

the droplets now the droplets contained

the virus and this tier of poor little

virus cannot survive for long on the

outside hence it needs to find a living

organism in order to survive now let's

just say Bob has a wife her name is Bob

Lena Bob Lena happens to walk past him

while Bob is coughing now as she is dead

breathing in the same and he has coughed

in she can get infected by this virus

now cool Bob Lena will have symptoms of

coughing fever tiredness or fatigue she

has the trolls she could be I'm

suffering from terrible headaches and

lastly she could have like a very runny

nose essentially people that have low

immunity such as it could be like you

know the LGB or even young children they

could be more susceptible to getting

infected by this virus so management to

treatment of this influenza virus could

include getting bed rest

drinking extra fluids and taking pain

medication so you can use because I can

I just for like a symptom of the child

like people shiver a lot and stuff so it

causes like a lot of tension on the

muscles when this happens so pain

medication can help with the muscle

tension that they experience and also

like you know the headaches so this

virus it can be cured if it is

manageable if a person is not like you

know diagnosed soon enough then it could

lead to death so next we'll look at T V

so tuberculosis is a bacterial disease

that infects that mostly infects the

lungs it can affect other tissues in the

body but we mostly focus on its effects

on the legs

okay so say we have a man did you say

this is Bob's brother Bob Dylan and he

happens to be in an area that is

infected with tuberculosis like the a

because maybe someone with TB had like

cottony a and he happens to like to know

breathin disinfectant air now that

bacteria is going to enter and sit

around in his lungs now the symptoms

that Bob Dylan is going to the

experience would be weakness weight loss

loss of appetite I mean even the golden

heels don't even make him hungry Wow

and he could also experience sweating at

night and also remember I told you that

TB can like no affect other parts of the

body but who only gonna be concentrate

on the lungs so basically if like you

know the bacteria gets so bad in the

lungs then he could end up like you know

with getting bad pops where he's going

to end up like you know coughing blood

or like coughing out a sputum you know

and he'll also experience chest pains

from all this coughing so TB is a

curable disease

so if Bob didn't were to get prescribed

medicine for his disease

then it would be able to like first of

all prevent the spread of the disease

from him going on to other people

so whoever that like you know cops and

Aaron Baughman was visiting did not any

responsible thing by taking his

medication so it can prevent the spread

and it'll also cure him TB is a curable

disease next up we have the disease

called malaria so malaria is a protest

related disease so what this disease

does it is bad

it affects your red blood cells and your

liver cells so basically what it causes

them to do is that it causes them to

lice and member lice means to burst so

here we have a little girl let's just

call her Bob Nisha

so Bob Nisha is the daughter of Bob Bob

Nisha stays in a merry invested tropical

area here she is just minding her

business now here is a mosquito more

specifically a female mosquito

mosquitoes have the ability to carry

this malaria disease because they have

an immunity against it so mean that like

they won't be affected by its own cords

it's it's its nature so basically what

the mosquito does or rather how this

malaria I transmitted from person to

person if a person is infected with

malaria and the mosquito bites that

person or scrubber sucks blood from that

person and then goes to another person

who isn't infected and sucks back from

them then they'll be the ones that are

going to get infected with this malaria

disease

now witness as poor Bob nation gets

bitten by this mosquito okay so let's

look a bit closer as to like you know

what happens to Bob Nisha when this when

Sheila comes and things with malaria so

here's a blood vessel and this is the

plasma that you know that runs inside so

basically what happens is when the

mosquito comes along and it like you

know bites a person or they should say

that like just for that um non-format

it's you safe I'm gonna say it's gonna

bite the person so when it does that it

splits into the person and it's the

library that contains this the protest

this malaria protest it yeah it spreads

like you know into the person so now

what's gonna happen is that this malaria

is gonna spread through the person and

then the mosquito would have gotten its

blood and it's gonna fly off and live

its best life whilst the person is going

to stay along and suffer with this

disease so malaria has different phases

in a person okay so what happens is when

it is injected into the person from the

mosquito that protesters at that stage

is known as a sporozoites so now these

forms the lights they travel through the

bloodstream and it gets into the liver

when it gets to another it populates the

liver cells by reproducing asexually

when they reproduce asexually they then

become or like not develop into mirrors

or lights so these Mary's going to come

so much into the south and of course

another sound to lice and when it does

slice it like you know becomes free from

these liver cells and then afterwards it

then travels into the bloodstream now

these mirrors are white they into the

bloodstream and then they what they do

is that they infect the red blood cells

so when they get into red blood cells

they reproduce asexually again and then

they populate them and once they

populate them they cause the red blood

cells to lyse so now once this happened

to multiple red blood cells then this is

when the person starts to like you know

experience the symptoms of malaria so

these symptoms could include headaches

fever the sweating the chills

the muscular pains because of chores

like you know diarrhea and nausea yeah

so this is like you know when a person

is in a deeper stage of malaria so

malaria is treatable if you are able to

catch it earlier on but the best advice

would be for people that really don't

stay in malaria infected areas so the

best advice would be to take medication

that would prevent you from getting

malaria and then off to us like you'll

be able to get into these areas okay so

last but not least we have athlete's

foot so at these foot is just basically

a fungal infection that like you know

affects the skin especially between the

fourth and the fifth toes so this is a

fungus that will grow on your feet

you can get this from like stepping on

to funghi or from like you know sharing

socks with a person who has like you

know at least foot so the symptoms can

include itching like silly agent between

the toes under foot and it can also

include the scaling of the skin but

there's some good news athlete's foot

can be treated with topical antifungal

creams and if it has like you know

advanced to an extreme or like severe

stage then you gotta have to take some

oral antifungal medication okay guys

that's it from my side thank you so much

for tuning in to this to tofox live in

conjunction with Koba 19 ketchup session

I hope that it was very informative I

hope that you understand like you know

the little pieces I'll be talking about

and basically do the exercises and we

provide for you if you have any

questions then I'll be able to answer

them just put them down in the comment

section below and yeah hope to see you

soon thanks guys

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[Applause]

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you

it's not a matter of whether or not we

can everybody can but not everybody will

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how to turn nothing into something

how tangible are ideas and imagination

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ideas that become so powerful in your

mind and your consciousness they seem

real to you even before they become

tangible imagination that is so strong

that you can actually see it you can

actually see it if somebody cannot see

it when it is not here then it will

never be here start looking into the

future of what you would like to

accomplish where you would like to go

the person you would like to be decide

what you want and then act as if you

already had it and that is to believe

that what you imagined is possible for

you so the first step is to imagine

what's possible second step to believe

now here's the third step and that is to

go to work and make it real you now go

to work and make it a movement you make

it tangible you make it viable you

breathe life into it and then you

construct it you have a lot to offer the

fact that you're still here means that

your business is not through yet people

don't do what they know in life but what

they do is they operate within the

context of the vision they have of

themselves so right and draw and build

and play and dance and live as only you

can make up your own rules the rules on

what is possible and impossible who made

by people who had not tested the bounds

of the possible by going beyond them you

must change what's possible for you

you and only you are the subject that

impacts a burning desire in your

imagination you are living and feeling

as if your future dreams are a present

fact will it be easy no will it be

challenging yes so you got to prepare

yourself you've got to develop yourself

long as you're breathing you got some

more work to do there's something else

for you to achieve guess what you're

gonna make some mistakes you'll make a

lot of mistakes so now go and make

interesting mistakes like amazing

mistakes make glorious and fantastic

mistakes break rules leave the world

more interesting for your being here

make good art it is possible to start

with nothing and become something

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you