Sejarah Awal Lahirnya Sosiologi

Summary

This script delves into the history and development of sociology, emphasizing its emergence from the societal shifts during the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. It highlights the contributions of early philosophers like Ibn Khaldun and the pivotal role of Auguste Comte, who is credited with establishing sociology as a scientific discipline in the 19th century. The script also hints at the upcoming discussion on the evolution of sociology in Indonesia and its importance in understanding societal dynamics.

Takeaways

• 📚 Sociologists often overlook the history of their field, but it's essential to understand the origins and development of sociology.
• 🌍 Before the term 'sociology' emerged, philosophers like the Muslim scholar Ibn Khaldun discussed society, laying some groundwork for the discipline.
• 🏛 The Enlightenment period, known as the 'Age of Reason', marked a significant shift in the pursuit of knowledge and the questioning of traditional authority.
• 🔧 The Industrial Revolution in Britain and the French Revolution were pivotal events that led to rapid societal changes and the need for new ways to understand society.
• 🏙️ Urbanization, exploitation, and democratization were some of the social impacts of the Industrial and French Revolutions, challenging traditional ways of life.
• 🔬 The development of the natural sciences and the scientific method provided a new approach to understanding societal changes, which was adopted by the emerging field of sociology.
• 👤 Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, is considered the founder of sociology, coining the term and advocating for the study of society using scientific methods.
• 📖 Comte's work, 'Cours de philosophie positive', established sociology as a distinct scientific discipline focused on understanding society.
• 👑 Sociology is sometimes referred to as the 'queen of the social sciences' due to its significant role in providing knowledge to understand societal dynamics.
• 🌏 The script also hints at discussing the history of sociology in Indonesia and its development in future content.
• 📹 The video encourages viewers to subscribe and activate notifications to stay updated with more informative content.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is the history and development of sociology as a science.

Why is the history of sociology important to discuss?

The history of sociology is important to discuss because it provides context and understanding of the discipline's evolution, its foundational thinkers, and the societal changes that influenced its development.

Who is mentioned as one of the early thinkers that contributed to the development of sociology?

Ibn Khaldun, an Islamic scholar, is mentioned as one of the early thinkers who contributed to the development of sociology.

What significant historical period is discussed in relation to the development of sociology?

The script discusses the Renaissance and the 19th century as significant historical periods that influenced the development of sociology.

What major societal changes are mentioned as catalysts for the development of sociology?

The major societal changes mentioned as catalysts for the development of sociology include the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, urbanization, exploitation of child labor, and democratization.

Who is credited with popularizing the term 'sociology' and why?

Auguste Comte is credited with popularizing the term 'sociology' because he felt the need for a scientific approach to understand and manage the societal changes and conflicts brought about by the French Revolution.

What role did the scientific method play in the establishment of sociology as a discipline?

The scientific method played a crucial role in the establishment of sociology as a discipline by providing a systematic approach to study societal phenomena and understand the laws governing social behavior.

What is the significance of the term 'queen of the social sciences' in relation to sociology?

The term 'queen of the social sciences' signifies the importance and centrality of sociology in understanding and integrating knowledge from various social sciences to gain a comprehensive understanding of society.

How does the script describe the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the development of sociology?

The script describes the Industrial Revolution as a significant event that led to rapid societal changes, necessitating a new scientific discipline like sociology to understand and explain these transformations.

What is the connection between the French Revolution and the birth of sociology as discussed in the script?

The French Revolution, with its political upheaval and social conflicts, is presented as a catalyst that prompted thinkers like Auguste Comte to seek a scientific understanding of society, leading to the birth of sociology.

What does the script suggest about the future discussion on the history of sociology in Indonesia?

The script suggests that future discussions will cover the history of sociology in Indonesia and its development, indicating a continuation of the topic beyond the initial focus on the global history of the discipline.

Outlines

00:00

📚 The Birth and Development of Sociology

This paragraph delves into the origins and evolution of sociology as a discipline. It highlights the historical context of the 14th to 17th centuries, known as the Renaissance, where the dominance of religious dogma and absolute monarchy began to wane, paving the way for scientific inquiry. The Industrial Revolution in England and the French Revolution are identified as pivotal events that spurred societal changes, necessitating a new understanding of society. The paragraph introduces the Muslim philosopher Ibn Khaldun as an early thinker on society and mentions Auguste Comte, who is credited with formalizing sociology as a scientific discipline in the 19th century, focusing on social order and class conflicts.

05:02

🌏 The Influence of Sociology on Social Sciences

The second paragraph discusses the impact of sociology on the broader field of social sciences. It acknowledges sociology as the 'queen of social sciences' due to its significant role in understanding societal dynamics. The paragraph also mentions Comte's work 'Cours de philosophie positive,' which solidified sociology's position as a specialized discipline. The speaker promises to cover the history of sociology in Indonesia and its development in future discussions, emphasizing the importance of understanding the past to appreciate the present state of the discipline.

Keywords

💡Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture that surrounds everyday life. In the video, sociology is presented as a discipline that has evolved significantly over time, with its history and development being central to understanding its current form. The script mentions that sociology's journey began long before the term itself was coined, indicating its deep roots in the study of human societies.

💡Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldun was a 14th-century Muslim scholar who is often regarded as one of the forerunners of sociology. His work on the nature of society and civilization is considered foundational to modern sociological thought. In the script, he is mentioned as someone whose ideas on society were ahead of his time, laying some of the first stones for the development of sociology as a science.

💡Renaissance

The Renaissance, often referred to as the period of 'rebirth,' was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to 17th centuries. It marked a renewed interest in science, art, and the humanities after what was perceived as a period of intellectual stagnation. The script describes the Renaissance as a time when knowledge began to flourish, setting the stage for significant societal changes that would later influence the development of sociology.

💡Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution refers to the period during the 18th and 19th centuries when agrarian societies became industrialized. It brought about rapid urbanization, changes in work conditions, and significant shifts in social structures. In the video, the Industrial Revolution in England is highlighted as a key factor that contributed to the emergence of sociology, as it led to new social challenges and questions that traditional thought could not answer.

💡French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799. It led to the collapse of the Bourbon monarchy and the rise of radical political factions. The script mentions the French Revolution as a significant political event that, along with the Industrial Revolution, created a need for a new scientific approach to understanding the rapid changes in society.

💡Urbanization

Urbanization is the process of migration from rural to urban areas, leading to the growth of cities and towns. The script discusses urbanization as one of the impacts of the Industrial and French Revolutions, which led to the concentration of populations in cities and the emergence of new social issues that sociology seeks to study.

💡Auguste Comte

Auguste Comte was a French philosopher and is widely regarded as the founder of sociology. He introduced the term 'sociology' and advocated for the use of scientific methods to study society. In the script, Comte is presented as a key figure who formalized sociology as a distinct scientific discipline, emphasizing the importance of understanding and managing social change.

💡Positivism

Positivism is a philosophy of science based on the belief that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, which comes from empirical evidence and observation. Auguste Comte is known for developing the concept of 'positive philosophy,' which the script mentions in relation to his work and the establishment of sociology as a scientific discipline.

💡Class Conflict

Class conflict refers to the struggle between different social classes, often arising from economic disparities and differing interests. The script discusses class conflict as one of the negative social changes brought about by the French Revolution, which Comte believed could be addressed through a scientific understanding of society.

💡Scientific Method

The scientific method is a systematic approach to investigating and understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and the development of theories. The script highlights the importance of the scientific method in the development of sociology, as it provided a structured way to study social phenomena and seek solutions to societal problems.

💡Social Change

Social change refers to any transformation in the social order, which can be driven by various factors such as technological advancements, political upheavals, or economic shifts. The video script emphasizes the role of social change as a catalyst for the development of sociology, as it necessitated new ways of understanding and addressing the challenges faced by societies in transition.

Highlights

Sociology is often considered incomplete if its history is not discussed, highlighting the importance of its origins.

Ibn Khaldun, a Muslim scholar, is regarded by some sociologists as the one who laid the first stone of sociology as a science.

The development of sociology is intertwined with its background and evolution, emphasizing the historical context of its emergence.

The Renaissance and the Enlightenment periods were crucial for the birth of modern scientific thought, including sociology.

The Industrial Revolution in England and the French Revolution significantly impacted the social structure and led to the need for a new understanding of society.

Sociology emerged as a response to the social changes brought about by the Industrial and French Revolutions, seeking to understand and explain societal transformations.

Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, is credited with popularizing the term 'sociology' and establishing it as a scientific discipline.

Comte conducted social research to address the negative impacts of the French Revolution and aimed to create a science that could regulate social stability.

Sociology was born in the 19th century as a scientific approach to understanding society, with a focus on empirical research methods.

The growth of natural sciences and the development of scientific methods in chemistry and physics contributed to the methodology of sociology.

Sociology is often referred to as the 'queen of social sciences' due to its significant role in understanding societal dynamics.

The transcript discusses the history of sociology in Indonesia and its development, indicating a broader scope beyond Western origins.

The transcript emphasizes the importance of subscribing and activating notifications for continuous updates on sociology.

The discussion on sociology's history aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of its emergence and development over time.

The transcript mentions the need for a scientific approach to address the inability of traditional methods to explain societal changes.

The transcript highlights the impact of urbanization, child labor exploitation, and democratization as consequences of the social upheavals.

The transcript outlines the historical context of the 14th to 17th centuries, known as the Age of Enlightenment, as the backdrop for the birth of modern science.

The transcript describes the shift from traditional dogma and absolutism to a more scientific and rational approach during the Renaissance.

The transcript explains how the steam engine marked the beginning of significant changes in social life, leading to the Industrial Revolution.

Transcripts

akhir-akhir ini kalau ngomongin

sosiologi kurang afdol rasanya kalo

nggak ngomongin sejarah kelahirannya

bener nggak mungkin ada yang nanya nih

emang ada yes caranya setiap stunya ada

banget mens sosiologi sebagai ilmu itu

udah ngelewatin perjalan panjang banget

meskipun sebenarnya nih sebelum istilah

sosiologi ini muncul udah ada kok filsuf

yang ngomongin masyarakat salah satunya

ilmuwan muslim yaitu ibnu khaldun bahkan

bisa dibilang nih pemikiran modern ibnu

khaldun terkait masyarakat dianggap oleh

sebagian sosiolog sebagai orang yang

meletakkan batu pertama sosiologi

sebagai ilmu pengetahuan kerenkan di

video selanjutnya nanti kita bakal bahas

ya oke baik lagi ke pembahasan kalau

kita ngomongin sejarah lahirnya

sosiologi itu enggak dapat dipisahkan

dari latar belakang dan perkembangannya

bener ya tapi kalian tahu enggak nih

bagaimana perkembangan sosiologi dan apa

aja nih yang

hubungi lahirnya sosiologi ada yang

masih inget nggak mungkin sebagian udah

lupa ya atau ada yang belum tahu sama

sekali nih nah tenang aja kali ini gua

bakal bahas bagaimana nih sejarah

lahirnya sosiologi tapi sebelumnya

tolong dong klik subscribe nya dan

aktifkan juga loncengnya agar tidak bisa

terus berbagi informasi keren lainnya ke

kalian oke terima kasih sosiologi

sebagai ilmu itu enggak ujung-ujungnya

men atau langsung ada aja gitu nggak

tentunya nggak ya tapi pasti ada sebab

atau yang melatarbelakangi kelahirannya

walaupun pemikiran mengenai masyarakat

udah ada kok sebelum istilah sosiologi

ini sendiri muncul nah gua mau jelasin

dari awal ya meskipun enggak walau

banget sih oke gua bakal aja club

respect lagi nih ke abad sekitar 14

sampai 17 masehi kalau kalian masih

ingat sekitar abad tersebut dikenal

sebagai abad pencerahan ya atau renation

gimana saat itu ilmu pengetahuan mulai

menggeliat kembali

di awal renaissance dianggap nih sebagai

abad kegelapan dimana dogma agama dan

absolutisme raja sangat dominan dalam

kehidupan masyarakat dan ilmu

pengetahuan kurang mendapatkan tempat

waktu itu nah seiring perjalanan waktu

renation ini membawa kemajuan dalam ilmu

pengetahuan sehingga menimbulkan

kepercayaan diri dan akhirnya banyak

menghasilkan penemuan-penemuan salah

satunya mesin uap mesin uap menjadi

titik awal mulai berubahnya kehidupan

sosial masyarakat waktu itu puncaknya

terjadilah revolusi industri di inggris

yang mendorong terjadinya

perubahan-perubahan secara cepat dan

ekstrim atas tatanan masyarakat eropa

waktu itu khususnya di negara inggris ya

berbeda dengan di inggris nih perancis

pun dilanda revolusi men tapi di

perancis bukan revolusi industri

melainkan revolusi politik dimana

terjadinya perubahan sistem kekuasaan di

negara tersebut sistem pemerintahan

monarki absolut yang udah memerintah

perancis selama berabad-abad harus

tuh dalam tiga tahun saat pergolakan

revolusi terjadi

[Musik]

g2 peristiwa tadi menjadi titik balik

sejarah dan perubahan tatanan masyarakat

eropa dan dunia nah sosiologi seni lahir

dan tumbuh dari gejolak sosial akibat

terjadinya revolusi industri dan

revolusi perancis tadi dimana revolusi

tersebut banyak membawa dampak

diantaranya urbanisasi pengeksplotasian

bekerja anak-anak demokratisasi dan lain

sebagainya dan tradisi lama nih udah

nggak mampu lagi untuk menjawab dan

menjelaskan perubahan yang terjadi di

sisi lain saat itu juga ilmu alam lagi

berkembang banget metode ilmiah pada

bidang ilmu kimia dan fisika udah banyak

nih mengungkap rahasia-rahasia alam dan

karena tradisi lama tidak lagi dapat

menjawab persoalan perubahan dalam

kehidupan makhluk sosial maka dicarilah

metode ilmiah seperti ilmu alam untuk

dapat memberikan jawaban atas persoalan

sosial tersebut dari situlah tahap awal

berkembangnya lahirnya sosiologi sebagai

ilmu pengetahuan dimulai oleh kalau

kalian masih ingat istilah sosiologi

pertama kali dipopulerkan oleh filsuf

perancis yaitu egois.com ya sebagai

seseorang yang mengalami dan merasakan

perubahan tatanan masyarakat yang

terjadi di negaranya akibat revolusi

perancis egoisku merasa galau nih dan

khawatir banget dimana revolusi perancis

tuh banyak menimbulkan atau menciptakan

dampak negatif perubahan sosial di

masyarakat salah satunya terjadinya

konflik antar kelas dalam masyarakat

yang seolah memberikan arah pada sikap

fanatisme di dalam kehidupan masyarakat

comte menganggap konflik ini

latarbelakangi oleh ketidaktahuan

masyarakat dalam mengatasi perubahan

atau hukum-hukum seperti apa nih yang

dapat digunakan untuk mengatur

stabilitas masyarakat atas dasar ini

comte pada abad 19 melakukan instrumen

penelitian sosial tentang masyarakat

yang perlu ditingkatkan menjadi sebuah

ilmu yang berdiri sendiri dengan

penelitian sosial yang didasarkan pada

metode ilmiah inilah sosiologi lahir

sebagai ilmu pengetahuan pada abad 19

dengan pendiri sekaligus pencipta

namanya yaitu agus com

bagaimana ini tertuang dalam bukunya

berjudul qosdu filosofi positif sejak

saat itu sosiologi semakin memiliki

tempat sebagai ilmu yang secara khusus

mengulas masyarakat dan seiring waktu

tokoh-tokoh sosiologi semakin banyak

bermunculan dan teori-teorinya pun

semakin berkembang sehingga gak heran

juga kalau banyak mengatakan sosiologi

sebagai queen of social atau ratunya

ilmu sosial ya karena sosiologi memang

punya peran penting dalam hasanah ilmu

pengetahuan untuk membantu kita memahami

masyarakat dan dinamikanya oleh mungkin

itu sedikit sejarah lahirnya sosiologi

yang bisa gua sampaikan di video

berikutnya gua bakal bahas sejarah

sosiologi di indonesia dan bagaimana nih

perkembangannya oke terima kasih sip

[Musik]

hai hai