Как вырастить новые нейроны и как мозг сам себя лечит / #ТЕДсаммари

Summary

The video script explores the concept of neuroregeneration, where the brain can repair itself by growing new neurons, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis. Neurosurgeon Dr. Jocelyn Blach and her colleagues discovered a new type of cell resembling stem cells in the brain that could contribute to its self-repair. The script also delves into how lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and sleep can influence neurogenesis, offering practical advice on how to enhance cognitive function and potentially combat aging and depression.

Takeaways

• 🧠 The human brain has the capacity for self-repair, as suggested by neurosurgeon Jasslinne Blage and her colleagues.
• 🌱 Adults can grow new neurons, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis.
• 💡 The video provides tips on how to help the brain activate neurogenesis, improving mood, memory, and preventing aging processes.
• 👩‍⚕️ Jasslinne Blage and biologist Jean-Francois Brunet discovered a new type of cell in the brain that resembles stem cells but behaves differently.
• 🔬 These cells were found in small niches deep within the brain and are derived from doublecortin-positive (DCPX) cells, which are involved in brain development and may play a role in brain repair.
• 🐒 Experiments on monkeys showed that these cells could help animals recover from brain damage, indicating their potential use in neuro-pathologies such as Parkinson's disease.
• 🧬 Neurobiologist Sandrine Thuret explains that new nerve cells form in adults, a process called neurogenesis, with about 700 new neurons produced daily in the hippocampus.
• 👶 The existing neurons from birth are replaced by new neurons formed in the adult brain by the age of 50.
• 💊 Antidepressants increase the production of new neurons, which helps alleviate symptoms of depression, and blocking neurogenesis reduces the effectiveness of antidepressants.
• 🏃‍♂️ Physical activities like exercise and sex can increase neurogenesis, while stress and lack of sleep can decrease it.
• 🥗 Diet also influences neurogenesis, with calorie restriction, short-term fasting, and consumption of flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids promoting it, while alcohol and saturated fats can have a negative effect.
• 🍽️ The texture of food affects neurogenesis, with soft foods decreasing the process and crunchy or chewy foods increasing it.

Q & A

What does neurosurgeon Dr. Jocelyne Bélanger and her colleagues believe about the brain's ability to repair itself?

Dr. Jocelyne Bélanger and her colleagues believe that the brain, with some help, can repair itself and that adults can grow new neurons, a phenomenon known as neurogenesis.

What is the term for the process where new neurons are grown in adults?

The process where new neurons are grown in adults is called neurogenesis.

What did Dr. Jocelyne Bélanger and biologist Jean-François Brunet discover when they studied brain cells from patients with head injuries?

They discovered a new type of cells that resemble stem cells but behave differently, dividing slowly and eventually dying after several weeks of cultivation. These cells are believed to come from a type of cell called doublecortin-positive (DAB) cells.

What role did the DAB cells play during the development of the human brain in the womb?

DAB cells, which make up 4% of the cells in the cerebral cortex, helped the brain to form while we were in the womb.

How did the experiments on monkeys contribute to the understanding of the brain's ability to heal after injury?

The experiments showed that after the monkeys' brains were damaged, they could recover to a certain level due to the brain's flexibility. Implanting the new type of cells into the monkeys' brains significantly improved their recovery, indicating the potential of these cells in brain repair.

What is the significance of the discovery that these new cells can be cryopreserved?

The ability to cryopreserve these cells means they can be stored and used later for neuro-pathologies, such as in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

According to neurobiologist Sandrine Thuret, what happens in the adult brain that was previously thought to be impossible?

Sandrine Thuret states that new nerve cells appear in the adult brain, a process that was previously thought to be impossible.

How many new neurons are produced daily in the hippocampus according to Professor of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden?

According to the professor, 700 new neurons are produced daily in the hippocampus.

What is the connection between neurogenesis and depression?

The connection between neurogenesis and depression is that taking antidepressants increases the production of new neurons, which helps to alleviate symptoms of depression. Blocking neurogenesis can reduce the effectiveness of antidepressants.

What factors can influence neurogenesis according to the research mentioned in the script?

Factors that can influence neurogenesis include learning, sex, stress, sleep, and physical activity. Additionally, diet, including calorie restriction, short-term fasting, consumption of flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and resveratrol, can also affect neurogenesis.

How does the texture of food consumed affect neurogenesis?

Soft food weakens the process of neurogenesis, while crunchy and chewy food can enhance it.

What is the overall recommendation for maintaining a healthy brain according to the script?

The overall recommendation for maintaining a healthy brain includes engaging in learning, sex, healthy sleep, and physical activity, as well as being mindful of the texture, timing, and quantity of food consumed.