Enzim (komponen,sifat dan faktor yang mempengaruhi kerja Enzim)

wety yuningsih

1 Jul 202006:58

Summary

TLDRThis educational video discusses enzymes, focusing on their components (apoenzyme and prosthetic groups), properties (specificity, catalytic nature, minimal quantity required, and non-involvement in reactions), and factors affecting their function (temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration). It also includes examples of enzymes like pepsin and amylase and their optimal pH and temperature for activity.

Takeaways

🔬 Metabolism topic introduction, focusing on enzymes.
🧩 Enzymes are composed of apoenzyme (protein part) and prosthetic group (non-protein part).
🧪 Prosthetic groups are divided into cofactors (e.g., mineral ions like calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium) and coenzymes (e.g., vitamins like B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B11, B12, biotin, coenzyme A).
🔍 Enzymes are proteins and can denature at high temperatures.
🎯 Enzymes work specifically with certain substrates (e.g., ptyalin works on carbohydrates).
⚡ Enzymes act as biocatalysts, speeding up reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed in the process.
♻️ Enzymes are required in small amounts and can be reused multiple times as long as they are not damaged.
🌡️ Factors affecting enzyme activity: temperature (high temperatures can denature enzymes).
📊 pH levels also affect enzyme activity; some enzymes work best in acidic environments, others in basic environments.
⛔ Inhibitors hinder enzyme activity, while activators (like cofactors and coenzymes) enhance enzyme activity.
🔍 Enzyme concentration and substrate concentration also influence enzyme activity.
📈 Example analysis of enzyme activity graphs: pepsin works best in acidic pH, amylase in basic pH, and optimal temperature for Lactobacillus bulgaricus enzyme activity is 40°C.

Q & A

What is the main topic of discussion in this script?
-The main topic of discussion in this script is the components, properties, and factors affecting enzyme activity in the context of metabolism.
What are the two main components of an enzyme according to the script?
-The two main components of an enzyme are the apoenzyme, which is the protein part, and the prosthetic group, which is the non-protein part.
What is the role of the apoenzyme in an enzyme?
-The apoenzyme is the protein part of the enzyme that plays a crucial role in the enzyme's activity.
What are the two types of non-protein components in enzymes mentioned in the script?
-The two types of non-protein components in enzymes are cofactors and coenzymes.
Can you give an example of a cofactor mentioned in the script?
-Examples of cofactors mentioned in the script include mineral ions such as calcium, chloride, sodium, and potassium.
What are some examples of coenzymes mentioned in the script?
-Examples of coenzymes mentioned in the script include Vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B11 (biotin), B12 (cobalamin), and coenzyme A.
What are the four properties of enzymes discussed in the script?
-The four properties of enzymes discussed are: 1) Enzymes are proteins that can denature at high temperatures. 2) Enzymes are specific, working only on certain substrates. 3) Enzymes act as catalysts, lowering the activation energy of reactions without being consumed. 4) Enzymes are required in small amounts and can be reused without being replaced as long as they are not damaged.
What is the term used to describe the process where enzymes become inactive at high temperatures?
-The term used to describe the process where enzymes become inactive at high temperatures is denaturation.
What are the factors that affect enzyme activity according to the script?
-The factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.
What is the role of an inhibitor in relation to enzyme activity?
-An inhibitor is a substance that hinders or reduces enzyme activity.
What is the role of an activator in relation to enzyme activity?
-An activator is a substance that enhances or initiates enzyme activity, often by binding to cofactors or coenzymes.
Based on the script, what is the optimal pH for pepsin and amylase enzymes?
-According to the script, the optimal pH for pepsin is acidic (pH 2), while for amylase it is basic.
What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme from Lactobacillus bulgaricus as mentioned in the script?
-The optimal temperature for the enzyme from Lactobacillus bulgaricus, as mentioned in the script, is 40°C.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Enzymes

The video begins with a greeting and an introduction to the topic of metabolism, specifically focusing on enzymes. It explains the components of enzymes, distinguishing between the apoenzyme (protein part) and the prosthetic group (non-protein part). The prosthetic group is further divided into cofactors (mineral ions like calcium and sodium) and coenzymes (vitamins such as B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B11, B12, biotin, and coenzyme A). The discussion then shifts to the properties of enzymes: they are proteins, act as specific biocatalysts, work in small quantities without being consumed, and have distinct factors influencing their activity, including temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.

05:00

🧪 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

This paragraph provides examples and explanations of how different factors influence enzyme activity. It discusses how temperature and pH levels can affect enzymes, using specific examples like the enzyme pepsin, which operates best in acidic conditions, and amylase, which functions in basic conditions. It also covers the impact of enzyme and substrate concentrations, as well as inhibitors and activators. The explanation includes how the optimal temperature for the enzyme lactobacillus bulgaricus in making yogurt is determined from a graph, highlighting the importance of these factors in practical applications. The video concludes with a promise to cover enzyme mechanisms and types of inhibitors in future sessions.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Metabolism

Metabolism refers to the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. It is central to the video's theme as it sets the stage for discussing enzymes, which play a crucial role in metabolic processes. The script mentions entering the second chapter about metabolism, indicating the importance of understanding these foundational concepts.

💡Enzyme

An enzyme is a type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up biochemical reactions in the body. In the script, enzymes are the main focus, with their components, properties, and factors affecting their function being discussed in detail, emphasizing their critical role in metabolism.

💡Apoenzyme

Apoenzyme is the protein part of an enzyme without its cofactor. The script explains that apoenzymes are a crucial component of enzymes, highlighting their protein nature and their importance in the overall structure and function of enzymes.

💡Prosthetic Group

A prosthetic group is a non-protein component of an enzyme, which is essential for its activity. The script divides prosthetic groups into cofactors and coenzymes, providing examples such as mineral ions and vitamins, and explaining their role in the function of enzymes.

💡Cofactors and Coenzymes

Cofactors and coenzymes are non-protein substances that assist enzymes in their catalytic activity. The script mentions that cofactors can be mineral ions like calcium, chloride, sodium, and potassium, while coenzymes include vitamins such as B1, B2, B3, and others, which are vital for the proper functioning of enzymes.

💡Specificity

Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to catalyze only a specific substrate. The script illustrates this by mentioning that the enzyme ptyalin in the mouth only affects carbohydrates, despite the presence of proteins and fats, showcasing the concept of enzyme specificity.

💡Catalyst

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. The script explains that enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy required for reactions to occur, which is a fundamental concept in understanding enzyme function.

💡Denaturation

Denaturation is the alteration of the protein structure, causing it to lose its function. The script warns that high temperatures can cause enzymes, being proteins, to denature, which is a critical factor affecting enzyme activity.

💡pH

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The script discusses how enzymes have an optimal pH range in which they function best, with examples of pepsin working in an acidic environment and amylase in a basic one, illustrating the importance of pH in enzyme activity.

💡Inhibitor

An inhibitor is a molecule that decreases the activity of an enzyme. The script mentions inhibitors as factors that can impede enzyme function, contrasting them with activators, which enhance enzyme activity.

💡Activator

An activator is a substance that increases the activity of an enzyme. The script describes activators as the opposite of inhibitors, with cofactors and coenzymes being examples of activators that can stimulate enzyme function.

💡Substrate Concentration

Substrate concentration refers to the amount of reactant available for an enzyme to act upon. The script indicates that the concentration of the substrate is one of the factors influencing enzyme activity, which is essential for understanding enzyme kinetics.

Highlights

Introduction to the second chapter on metabolism, focusing on enzymes.

Enzymes are composed of two parts: the apoenzyme (protein part) and the prosthetic group (non-protein part).

Prosthetic groups are further divided into cofactors and coenzymes, including mineral ions and vitamins.

Enzymes are proteins that can undergo denaturation at high temperatures.

Enzymes exhibit specificity, working only on specific substrates.

Enzymes act as biocatalysts, lowering the activation energy required for reactions without being consumed.

Enzymes are required in small amounts and can be reused multiple times without being destroyed.

Four main properties of enzymes are discussed: protein nature, specificity, biocatalyst function, and minimal quantity required.

Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, inhibitors, activators, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration.

High temperatures can cause enzyme denaturation, affecting their activity.

Different enzymes operate optimally at different pH levels, with some working best in acidic conditions and others in alkaline conditions.

Inhibitors are substances that hinder enzyme function, while activators enhance it.

Cofactors and coenzymes, previously discussed, can act as activators for enzymes.

Enzyme concentration is crucial for catalytic activity, with only small amounts needed.

Substrate concentration is another factor influencing enzyme function, with optimal levels required for peak activity.

A practical application of enzyme knowledge is discussed through the example of making yogurt, highlighting the optimal temperature for Lactobacillus bulgaricus.

The importance of remembering the factors that influence enzyme activity is emphasized for practical understanding and application.

The session concludes with an apology for any shortcomings and a closing prayer.