Hyoid muscles
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the anatomy of the hyoid muscles, categorizing them into suprahyoid and infrahyoid groups. The suprahyoid muscles, including the digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid, are positioned above the hyoid bone and work in synergy to elevate it. The digastric's anterior belly also plays a role in mandibular depression, making it an antagonist to the masseter and temporalis muscles. The infrahyoid group, comprising the omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid, is situated below the hyoid bone and functions collectively to depress it, opposing the action of the suprahyoid muscles. The script offers a clear explanation of these muscle groups' roles and interactions, essential for understanding facial and oral functions.
Takeaways
- 🦴 There are two main groups of hyoid muscles: the suprahyoid muscles above the hyoid bone and the infrahyoid muscles below it.
- 🔝 In the suprahyoid group, the digastric muscle has two bellies, anterior and posterior, and can both elevate the hyoid and depress the mandible.
- 🦷 The mylohyoid muscle contributes to the floor of the mouth and is involved in hyoid elevation.
- 🗝️ The stylohyoid muscle is connected to the styloid process of the temporal bone and assists in hyoid elevation.
- 🔁 The geniohyoid muscle runs from the chin (genial tubercle) to the hyoid bone and helps in elevating the hyoid.
- 🤔 The anterior belly of the digastric acts as an antagonist to the masseter and temporalis muscles, which are involved in mandibular elevation.
- 💪 The infrahyoid muscles work together to depress the hyoid bone, acting as synergists for each other.
- 🌐 The omohyoid muscle, named for its connection to the shoulder (omo), has superior and inferior bellies and is part of the infrahyoid group.
- 🔗 The sternohyoid connects the sternum to the hyoid bone and is involved in hyoid depression.
- 🦴 The sternothyroid muscle is connected to the thyroid gland and indirectly to the hyoid bone through the thyrohyoid muscle.
- 🔗 The thyrohyoid muscle connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone, integrating the sternothyroid into the infrahyoid muscle group.
Q & A
What are the two groups of hyoid muscles?
-The two groups of hyoid muscles are the suprahyoid muscles, which are above the hyoid bone, and the infrahyoid muscles, which are below the hyoid bone.
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles in relation to the hyoid bone?
-The suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid bone because they are located above it, making them synergists to each other in this action.
Which muscle in the suprahyoid group has both an anterior and a posterior belly?
-The digastric muscle in the suprahyoid group has both an anterior and a posterior belly.
What is the role of the mylohyoid muscle?
-The mylohyoid muscle extends side to side and forms the floor of the mouth.
What is the connection of the stylohyoid muscle to the temporal bone?
-The stylohyoid muscle is connected to the styloid process of the temporal bone.
What is the antagonistic relationship between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and the masseter and temporalis muscles?
-The anterior belly of the digastric muscle can depress the mandible, which makes it an antagonist to the masseter and temporalis muscles, as they elevate the mandible.
What does 'omo' in 'omohyoid' mean and what is its significance?
-'Omo' in 'omohyoid' means shoulder, indicating the muscle's origin from the shoulder region.
How many bellies does the omohyoid muscle have?
-The omohyoid muscle has two bellies, a superior belly and an inferior belly.
Which infrahyoid muscle is not directly connected to the hyoid bone but is still considered an infrahyoid muscle?
-The sternothyroid muscle is not directly connected to the hyoid bone but is considered an infrahyoid muscle because it is connected to the thyrohyoid muscle, which is connected to the hyoid bone.
What is the general function of the infrahyoid muscles in relation to the hyoid bone?
-The infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid bone, making them synergists to each other in this action.
What is the antagonistic relationship between the infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles in terms of the hyoid bone?
-The infrahyoid muscles, which depress the hyoid bone, are antagonists to the suprahyoid muscles, which elevate the hyoid bone.
Outlines
🦴 Hyoid Muscles Overview
This paragraph provides an anatomical overview of the hyoid muscles, which are divided into two main groups: the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles. The suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone, include the digastric with its anterior and posterior bellies, the mylohyoid which forms the floor of the mouth, the stylohyoid attached to the temporal bone's styloid process, and the geniohyoid running front to back. These muscles work together to elevate the hyoid bone. The digastric's anterior belly also plays a role in depressing the mandible, making it an antagonist to the masseter and temporalis muscles, which are involved in mastication and mandible elevation. The infrahyoid muscles, situated below the hyoid bone, consist of the omohyoid with superior and inferior bellies, the sternohyoid connecting the sternum to the hyoid, the sternothyroid, and the thyrohyoid. Although the sternothyroid is not directly attached to the hyoid, it is connected to the thyrohyoid, making it part of the infrahyoid group. All these muscles work synergistically to depress the hyoid bone and are antagonistic to the suprahyoid muscles.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Hyoid Muscles
💡Suprahyoid Group
💡Digastric Muscle
💡Mylohyoid Muscle
💡Stylohyoid Muscle
💡Geniohyoideus Muscle
💡Infrahyoid Muscles
💡Omohyoid Muscle
💡Sternothyroid Muscle
💡Synergists
💡Antagonists
Highlights
There are two groups of hyoid muscles: super and infrahyoid.
Super hyoid muscles are located above the hyoid bone.
Infrahyoid muscles are situated below the hyoid bone.
The suprahyoid group includes the digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles.
The digastric muscle has anterior and posterior bellies.
Mylohyoid muscle contributes to the floor of the mouth.
Stylohyoid muscle is connected to the styloid process of the temporal bone.
Geniohyoideus muscle extends from the chin to the hyoid bone.
Sprahyoid muscles work synergistically to elevate the hyoid bone.
Anterior belly of the digastric can also depress the mandible.
Digastric's anterior belly is an antagonist to the masseter and temporalis muscles.
Infrahyoid muscles include omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid.
Omohyoid has a superior and an inferior belly.
Sternohyoid muscle connects the sternum to the hyoid.
Sternohyoid muscle is indirectly connected to the hyoid through the thyrohyoid.
Infrahyoid muscles work synergistically to depress the hyoid bone.
Infrahyoid muscles are antagonists to the suprahyoid muscles.
Transcripts
so there are two groups of hyoid muscles
there are the super hyoid muscles above
the hyoid bone and the infrahyoid
muscles which are below the hyoid bone
in the suprahyoid group there's the
digastric which has anterior and a
posterior belly um the mylohyoid which
is going side to side and it's making up
the floor of the mouth the stylohyoid
connected to the styloid process of the
temporal bone and the geno hyoid which
is going front to back so all of these
muscles will elevate the hyoid because
they're above the hyoid so they are
synergists to each other but also the
anterior belly of the digastric can work
to depress the mandible so because it
depresses the mandible
it's an antagonist to the masseter and
the temporalis which you might remember
are the muscles of mastication which
elevate the mandible
moving on to the infrahyoid muscles
there's the omohyoid omo means shoulder
and the omohyoid has a superior belly
and an inferior belly the sternohyoid
from sternum to hyoid then the sterno
thyroid because this little butterfly
shaped guy in the neck is the thyroid
gland so it's not directly connected to
the hyoid and then the Cyro hyoid and
the sternothyroid and thyrohyoid are
sort of connected to each other so even
though the sternothyroid isn't directly
connected to the hyoid bone it's
connected to the thyrohyoid which is
connected to the hyoid bone making it
therefore that's why it's one of the
infrahyoid muscles even though it's not
connected directly so all of these
muscles um will depress the hyoid bone
so they're all synergists to each other
but they are antagonists to the
suprahyoid bone which elevates the hyoid
so that wraps it up for the hyoid group
have a good day and have fun studying
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