Naxalism & Maoism in India Explained | History of Left Wing Extremism & Red Corridor | Perspective

Summary

This script delves into the history and evolution of left-wing extremism in India, particularly Naxalism, tracing its roots to Marxist theory and its manifestations through phases from 1967 to the present. It highlights the government's strategic measures, such as the Samadhan Doctrine and initiatives like the Aspirational District Program, in combating this menace, resulting in a significant decline in Naxal-related violence. The speaker emphasizes the need to address the root causes of alienation to prevent support for such extremism and suggests institutional strengthening, ideological counteraction, and rehabilitation as the way forward.

Takeaways

• 🔍 The script discusses the recent killing of 29 Maoist leaders in the K District of Bastar division in Chhattisgarh, India, in April 2024, including top commanders, indicating a significant police encounter.
• 📊 There has been a 70% decline in Maoist-related cases and a 75% decrease in related deaths from 2013 to 2022, showcasing the Indian government's success in tackling left-wing extremism.
• 🌟 The script traces the origins of left-wing extremism back to the philosophies of Karl Marx, with his theories on class struggle and the need for an armed revolution to establish communism.
• 📚 It outlines the three key pillars necessary for a revolution to start and sustain: ideological base, people's support, and prominent leadership, which have been present in the spread of Naxalism in India.
• 📉 The script divides the spread of left-wing extremism in India into three phases: 1967-1973, 1970s-late 1990s, and 2004 to the present, each with distinct characteristics and developments.
• 🛑 The first phase of Naxalism began with class conflicts in Naxalbari, West Bengal, under the leadership of Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and others, leading to violent agitations and the spread of Naxalism.
• 🚨 The second phase saw the spread of Naxalism across India, with the formation of the People's War Group (PWG) by Kapi Lalita, and the establishment of countermeasures like the Greyhound force in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
• 🔥 The third phase, from 2004 onwards, marked the formation of the CPI (Maoist) and an increase in violent incidents, with the government acknowledging Naxalism as a significant internal security threat.
• 🏛️ The script highlights the 'Sama-dan' doctrine, which includes strategies like smart leadership, aggressive strategy, motivation, actionable intelligence, and technology harnessing to counter Naxalism.
• 🏫 The establishment of residential model schools and initiatives like the Aspirational District Program are part of the measures taken to uplift the socio-economic status of regions affected by Naxalism.
• 🛡️ The way forward to end Naxalism involves addressing the root causes of alienation, strengthening institutions, providing a counter-ideology, and rehabilitation of those who have been part of Naxalite groups.

Q & A

What significant event occurred in the K District of Busta division in Chhattis Gad in April 2024?

At least 29 Maoist leaders were killed in a police encounter in the K District of Busta division in Chhattis Gad in April 2024, including top commanders.

Who was the senior rebel leader Shankar ra, and what was notable about him?

Shankar ra was a senior rebel leader who was killed in the encounter. He had a bounty of 25 lakh on his head, indicating his importance within the Maoist ranks.

What is the significance of the 70% decline in Naxal-related cases from 2013 to 2022?

The 70% decline in Naxal-related cases signifies a remarkable achievement by the Indian government in tackling left-wing extremism and insurgency, demonstrating effective counter-insurgency strategies and measures.

What are the three key pillars necessary for a revolution to start or sustain?

The three key pillars necessary for a revolution are an ideological base, people's support, and prominent leadership. These elements provide direction, popular backing, and guidance for the revolution.

How did the philosophy of Karl Marx influence the development of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India?

Karl Marx's philosophy of class struggle and the need for an armed revolution to overthrow the capitalist class influenced the development of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India. It provided the ideological foundation for movements that sought to challenge the existing social and economic order.

What was the first phase of Naxalism in India, and what were its key events?

The first phase of Naxalism in India was from 1967 to 1973. It began with a class conflict in Naxalbari, West Bengal, under the leadership of Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and others, and was characterized by violent agitations against landlords, moneylenders, and authorities.

What is the 'Red Corridor', and how is it related to Naxalism in India?

The 'Red Corridor' refers to the area infested by Naxalite activities, particularly in the forest belts of states like Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. It represents regions where Naxalites have a strong presence and have been able to spread their influence.

What were the major causes that contributed to the spread of Naxalism in India?

The major causes contributing to the spread of Naxalism in India include tribal discontent due to displacement and marginalization, administrative vacuum and governance issues, and economic factors such as unemployment, poverty, and underdevelopment.

What steps have been taken by the Indian government to counter Naxalism in the last decade?

The Indian government has taken several steps to counter Naxalism, including the National Policy and Action Plan by the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Aspirational Districts Program, the Samadhan Doctrine, and initiatives like the Salwa Judum in Chhattisgarh to involve local tribal groups in counter-insurgency.

Why has Naxalism not ended in India despite the government's efforts, and what should be the way forward?

Naxalism has not ended in India because of the deep-rooted issues of alienation and marginalization among certain sections of the population. The way forward involves addressing these root causes by strengthening institutions, providing a counter-ideology to Naxalism, and focusing on rehabilitation and skill development for those who have been part of Naxalite groups.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Overview of Maoist Violence and Government Response

At least 29 Maoist leaders were killed in Chhattisgarh's Busta division in April 2024, including top commanders and a senior rebel leader with a bounty on his head. The Border Security Forces reported the encounter, highlighting a significant decline in Maoist-related cases and deaths from 2013 to 2022 due to government efforts. The session aims to explore the origins, timeline, and control measures of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India, tracing back to the philosophies of socialism and communism, and the armed revolutions led by Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong.

05:00

📜 Historical Background of Left-Wing Extremism in India

Prominent leaders during India's independence struggle, such as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, supported socialism but not communism. The Communist Party of India was formed in 1925. The spread of left-wing extremism in India can be divided into three phases: 1967-1973, 1970s to late 1990s, and 2004 to the present. The first phase saw the roots of Naxalism in West Bengal, the second phase witnessed its spread across India, and the third phase saw the formation of CPI Maoist in 2004, leading to increased violence and the government's countermeasures.

10:02

⚖️ Social and Economic Issues Fueling Naxalism

Key issues like reservation, Ram Janmabhoomi, and LPG reforms in the 1970s to 1990s led to alienation and support for Naxalism among tribal populations. As Naxalism spread, internal issues among the Naxals regarding land distribution, leadership, and ideological shifts emerged. The third phase (2004-present) saw the formation of CPI Maoist, which became a strong and systematic organization using guerrilla warfare. This phase marked the worst period of Naxal-related violence, with the government intensifying its countermeasures.

15:04

🏞️ Causes of Naxalism's Persistence

Naxalism persists due to issues like tribal discontent from frequent displacements, poor socioeconomic conditions, and governance issues like corruption and unequal resource distribution. Economic problems such as unemployment, poverty, and lack of infrastructure also contribute. The absence of coordination among state and central police forces has allowed Naxalism to exploit these weaknesses. The government has taken various measures over the past decade to address these root causes and control left-wing extremism.

20:05

🛠️ Government Strategies and Way Forward

Efforts to counter Naxalism include strengthening police and armed forces, providing ideological alternatives, and implementing administrative and economic reforms. Key initiatives include the Ministry of Home Affairs' National Policy and Action Plan, the aspirational District program, and the Samadhan Doctrine. Innovative practices like Chhattisgarh's Salwa Judum have also been implemented. The way forward involves addressing the root causes of alienation by involving marginalized sections in the mainstream, strengthening institutions, providing counter-ideologies, and rehabilitating former Naxals.

Keywords

💡Maoists

Maoists are individuals or groups that follow the political ideology of Maoism, which is based on the teachings of Chinese revolutionary leader Mao Zedong. In the context of the video, Maoists are referred to as the 'Naxalites' or 'Naxals' in India, who are involved in left-wing extremism and have been involved in violent encounters with the police, as mentioned in the script where 'at least 29 Maoists have been killed in a police encounter.'

💡Left-wing Extremism

Left-wing extremism refers to the radical political beliefs and actions that are more extreme than the typical left-wing ideologies. In the script, the term is used to describe the ideological basis of the Naxalite movement in India, which is rooted in the philosophy of socialism and communism as described by Karl Marx and further developed by Mao Zedong. The video discusses the government's efforts to tackle this 'Menace of leftwing extremism' in India.

💡Naxalism

Naxalism is a form of Maoism that originated in India, named after the Naxalbari village where the movement began in 1967. The script traces the origins and development of Naxalism in India, discussing its phases and the government's strategies to counter it. The term is used to describe the ideology and activities of the Maoists in India, including the violent incidents and the government's response to them.

💡Class Struggle

Class struggle is a central concept in Marxist theory, referring to the conflict between different social classes, particularly the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and the proletariat (working class). The script explains how Karl Marx's theory of class struggle influenced the development of Naxalism and other forms of left-wing extremism, where the oppressed classes are encouraged to rise against the ruling classes through armed revolution.

💡Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution refers to a series of revolutions in 1917 that led to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and the establishment of a socialist government under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The script mentions the Russian Revolution as a significant historical event that exemplified the application of Marxist principles and inspired similar movements, including Naxalism, around the world.

💡Chinese Revolution

The Chinese Revolution refers to the civil war and political upheaval that led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 under the leadership of Mao Zedong. The script discusses how Mao Zedong's adaptation of Marxist principles, leading to the development of Maoism, influenced the Naxalite movement in India.

💡Ideological Base

An ideological base refers to the foundational beliefs or principles that guide a movement or political philosophy. In the script, the ideological base is identified as a key pillar for the sustenance of any revolution, including Naxalism, which is rooted in the principles of socialism, communism, and Maoism.

💡People's War Group (PWG)

The People's War Group (PWG) was a Maoist guerrilla group in India, founded by Koba Sita Ramayya in 1980. The script mentions the PWG as part of the second phase of Naxalism in India, where the group engaged in violent activities against the state, contributing to the spread of left-wing extremism.

💡Red Corridor

The Red Corridor refers to a geographic area in India that has been historically affected by Naxalite activities. The script describes the Red Corridor as the region where the Naxalites have a strong presence and have been active in their insurgency, particularly in the central and eastern parts of the country.

💡Samadan Doctrine

The Samadan Doctrine is a counter-insurgency strategy developed by the Indian government to combat left-wing extremism and Naxalism. The script explains the doctrine as a comprehensive approach involving smart leadership, aggressive strategy, motivation and training, actionable intelligence, dashboard-based key performance indicators, harnessing technology, and action plans for each theater, as well as cutting off access to financing for the insurgents.

💡Salwa Judum

Salwa Judum was a civilian vigilante group formed in Chhattisgarh, India, in 2005 to counter Naxalite violence. The script mentions Salwa Judum as an example of a proactive measure taken by the state government to involve local tribal groups in combating Naxalism, although it also notes that the initiative was controversial.

Highlights

29 Maoist leaders, including top commanders, were killed in an encounter in the K District of Bastar division in Chhattisgarh in April 2024.

The Ministry of Home Affairs reported a 70% decline in Naxal-related cases and a 75% reduction in related deaths between 2013 and 2022.

The discussion explores the origins and development of left-wing extremism and Naxalism in India, tracing back to the philosophies of Karl Marx.

The speaker explains the concept of class struggle and armed revolution as proposed by Karl Marx.

The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution of 1949 are cited as significant applications of socialist and communist philosophies.

The genesis of Maoism is discussed, highlighting its divergence from classical Marxism.

The three key pillars necessary for a revolution to start and sustain are identified as ideological base, people's support, and prominent leadership.

The first phase of Naxalism in India (1967-1973) is marked by the Naxalbari uprising and the formation of CPI(ML).

Operation Steeplechase was launched by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1971 to counter the spread of Naxalism.

The second phase of Naxalism (1970s to late 1990s) saw its spread across India, with the emergence of the People's War Group (PWG).

The concept of the 'Red Corridor' is introduced, describing areas heavily infested by Naxalite activities.

The 'Triple Junction Theory' explains the ideal conditions for Naxalite growth, including interstate boundaries, difficult terrain, and a simple tribal population.

The third phase of Naxalism (2004-present) is characterized by the formation of the CPI(Maoist) and increased violence.

The government's proactive measures since 2010 have led to a significant reduction in Naxal-related violence.

The 'Samadan' doctrine is highlighted as a key strategy in combating Naxalism, emphasizing smart leadership, aggressive strategy, and actionable intelligence.

The 'Salwa Judum' initiative by the Chhattisgarh government is mentioned as an innovative practice to counter Naxal-related violence.

The way forward to end Naxalism involves addressing the root causes of alienation and integrating marginalized sections into the mainstream.

Transcripts

at least 29 ma leaders were killed in

the K District of Busta division in

chhattis Gad on April of 2024 ma

terrorists have been killed in chattis

gar 29 of them have been killed in the

conquer District including top

commanders let's go straight across to

arunima for more onar where there's been

a major knel encounter 29 knels have

been killed in bster news now from

chatis gar with 29 am including a senior

Rebel leader Shankar ra who had a bounty

of 25 lakh on his head were killed

underway in India Central State of

chatis gar at least 29 maoists have been

killed in a police encounter the border

security forces say the encounter took

place in chatis gard's conquered now the

recent data released by the ministry of

Home Affairs have suggested that there

has been a 70% decline in the knell

related cases from 2013 to 2022 and also

deaths related to knell related cases

have been down by

75% now this has been a remarkable feed

achieved by the government of India in

tackling this Menace of leftwing

extremism and that of n ISM now hearing

all of these things a lot of questions

might come up in your mind that what is

leftwing extremism what is this nalism

or what is this term known as MSM and

where all these things originated what

is the Genesis of this what is the

timeline of it what is the trajectory of

this and how the government has been

able to control leftwing extremism in

India all these questions we'll be

trying to answer in this particular

session hello my name is pritpal Singh

and today's topic is nalism and

left-wing extremism in India now in

order to understand this leftwing

extremism and naxalism in India we have

to trace back to the socialism and

communism philosophy which was given now

for that we have to understand a very

prominent German intellectual 19th

century German intellectual known as

scarl marks a very popular figure and a

very prominent personality now KL Marx

in his works of Das capital and

Communist Manifesto talks about theory

of class struggle now in this philosophy

given by KL Marx that is socialism and

communism philosophy KL Marx says that

capitalist Society is divided basically

into two groups one he calls them as

halves and one he calls them as hav kns

so halves are the capitalists in the

society and hav Nots is the proletariat

class the most marginalized section

which is exploited by The Haves and the

solution of this problem in the

capitalist Society is given by KL Marx

and he talks about armed Revolution

where the havs will come into a armed

Revolution and will topple the halves of

the society and will take self-rule and

that is nothing but we call as what we

call as communism right so this is where

all this political philosophy came into

being and after that we will see a lot

of application of this philosophy first

application could be seen in 1917 when

Russian Revolution takes place now very

prominent figure that is Wladimir Lenin

will lead this Russian Revolution and we

will see that the workers and peasons

would be combined and an armed struggle

would be taking place and a socialist

form of government will be adopted in

Russia and monaki will be abolished a

second application of this could be seen

in

1949 when Chinese Revolution will take

place under the leadership of ma zong

again a very popular figure in the

history of whole world now this is where

the Genesis of maoism will start because

ma zong will use the philosophy of KL

Marx but will tilt it in its own way and

that is where the maoism philosophy will

begin so he will use the workers and

peasant to topple the government and

establish People's Republic of China so

here again in this revolution we will

see the philosophy of KL Mars taking its

course and this is where left-wing

ideology and leftwing extremism will

start in the entire world now since we

have understood all of these things we

have to talk about left-wing extremism

in India and how it manifested in India

now before that one thing which I want

to make very very clear is that how a

revolution Starts Now for any Revolution

to start or for any Revolution to

sustain there are three important key

pillars which are required first is that

of ideological base without ideological

basee a revolution can never manifest so

one thing is ideological base which is

very very important second pillar is the

CER support So people's support is very

essential for revolution to sustain or

any philosophy to sustain and third is

prominent leadership prominent

leadership again gives a way to the

Carter shows the way to the Carter so

ideology Carter support and Leadership

if all these three things are present a

revolution can manifest in its own way

and a revolution could sustain even for

many many years for many many decades

since naxalism has been sustaining in

India since more than last 50 years

these three things are prominent in

nalism that is why it has been

successful to sustain itself in our

country now since we we are clear with

this we have to start with the leftwing

extremism in India now socialism as a

philosophy has been prominent in India

even during our independence struggle so

prominent leaders like Pandit jawah Neu

or subash Chandra BOS they were very

much inclined towards the socialism

philosophy

but mind you they were not inclined

towards the communism philosophy they

were inclined towards socialistic

ideology right and even Mahatma Gandhi

is talked about supporting the socialism

ideology in our country right but this

is not all because 1925 Communist Party

of India will be formed of course during

that period of time Indian National

Congress was the most prominent

political party in the whole whole

country but CPI will start working in

India from 1925 onwards and with this

base in mind now let us understand how

left wi extremism manifested or started

in India in different phases now to

understand it even better we have

divided the spread of leftwing extremism

in three different phases now of course

government of India has not given the

list of these three phases but for our

academic understanding academically we

have divided under three different

phases first phase is from 1967 to 1973

and first phase is the very prominent

one because this is where the nalism

route will be laid in our country and

this is where the nalism will start in

our country so in 19 67 a class conflict

will start against the money lenders

against the landlords against the

policemen and businessmen in a very

prominent place that's that is nalbari

which is there in Siliguri District of

darjeling West Bengal so this is where a

class conflict will start under the

leadership of Chu majumdar kanu sanyal

and jungle SEL and also what we will see

is that class conflict along with a lot

of violent agitations will begin in the

nalbari region of West Bengal and

eventually we will see the spread of

nalism will start from here because this

violent clashes they started in the

nelbar region we term this problem as

nalism because eventually from nalbari

region it spread to the entire country

that is why we call it as nalism but

what will happen 1971 in 1971 our then

prime minister indraa Gandhi will launch

operation SLE Chase again to reduce this

manifestation of nism which has started

in our country and during the same

period of time you will see the

emergence of cpim now cpim will form all

India Coordination Committee for

communist revolutionaries now this will

act as a pressure group for the support

of knels in our country and also during

the same period of time you will see the

emergence of cpim ml that is Communist

Party of India Marxist leninist which

will be started by Chu majumdar and kanu

sanal together right so this is the

first phase where nalism began it's

spread in the entire country it started

in West Bengal eventually in the

surrounding region regions we we will

see the spread of nalism taking place

and this is the first phase of 1967 to

1973 now in the first phase itself Chu

majumdar a very prominent leader will

die in police custody now in 1970s and

late 1990s till that we will see the

spread of second phase of naxalism so

first phase from 1967 to 1973 second

phase from 1970s to late 1990s we could

see now in that second phase nalism will

spread throughout India except the

Western parts of our country and in this

period when we see a leadership vacuum

taking place another leader will emerge

known as kapali sitaramayya and in April

of 1980 a people's War group that is pwg

will be founded by kapali sitar rayya

and they will start attacking the police

now the counter to that will be the

formation of a special task force known

as Greyhound which will act as a

anti-elite elite Commander unit which

will be formed by the then wangal IPS

officer known as KS weas and eventually

you will see that in the States of of

Andra Pradesh and Telangana the current

Telangana there will be reduction in the

knell related violence through poce

modernization through proactive

counterinsurgency measures taken by the

state police and of course by the

central government as well and they will

be able to minimize the knell presence

in the region now since we have

understood this there is a triple

Junction Theory which does the rounds in

a lot of academic journals right this

triple Junction Theory talks about how

knels are able to spread themselves in

different regions now there are three

characteristics SS of a fertile land for

knels now a land or a piece of piece of

land which is Interstate boundary and

which is a difficult terrain and which

is having simple tribal population if

these three things are present in a

particular region it becomes the

breeding ground for nalism and is the

most fertile land for spread of nism and

the counter to this is the combat tactic

of gorilla Warfare which a lot of state

police forces have been inculcating and

have been implementing now you must have

heard of this term known as red Now red

Corridor is nothing but the area

Infested by this nalism related

activities in the second phase we are

talking about the spread of nalism in

the entire country but what we need to

understand is that what were the issues

of the people because of which they were

supporting the Nels because Nels were

gathering a huge support from the tribal

population of these regions now what was

the reason or what were the issues

prevailing in those reasons which were

forcing the tribales to go towards

nalism and to have a bent towards nalism

right the first issue was start of

reservation in the same period in 1970s

' 80s and '90s reservation issue was

very very prominent second issue which

was very prominent was of ram janabi

third issue was that of LPG reforms now

because of these issues certain sections

of population in different states of our

country they were agitated right and

certain sections they felt marginalized

and alienated now that alienation was

the breeding ground of naxalism now Nels

were able to spread in those areas where

people were feeling alienated and they

were able to hire them into their groups

and they were able to make them or

transform them into knels so from tribal

population people transformed from being

tribals to knels because of these

particular issues in 1970s till 1990s

which were very prominent now eventually

when this second phase will start to die

down we will see a lot of internal

problems and internal issues beginning

to start between the knels themselves so

these internal issues were in relation

to land distribution in relation to the

leadership question in in relation to

the ideological shift as well and

because because of these issues we will

see the third phase that is from 2004

till present now in the third phase in

2004 we will see a grand meeting

organized by the different factions and

different groups of knels and they will

form a new grouping or they will form a

new organization which they called as

CPI maist that is Communist Party of

India maist now this became this

particular organization became very very

strong because a lot of small factions

they came they joined together and

formed this unit or formed this or

organization of course in 2009 the CPI

omist was listed as a terrorist

organization under uapa so this is a

banned organization in India that is CPI

mest now it has been functioning through

gorilla Warfare and they have been very

active in the forest belts of that of

chattis GAD Bihar jarand Maharashtra

odisha Andhra Pradesh and several other

states as well and this region this

region is what we call as red Corridor

where the knels have infested themselves

and manifested themselves and have

increased their spread now in the third

phase we are seeing that the knels are

having cers as well the knels are having

resources and their ideology has also

become very very strong the knels are

very strategic and systematic in their

approach the knels have been indulged in

a lot of cases a lot of violent cases

against the police officers against the

politicians and a lot of deaths are

taking place in this particular third

phase where the knels have become very

very strong that is why from 2004 to

2010 you will see a lot of deaths

related to nuel related violence

and this is the worst phase in the

entire nuel related incidents from 1967

till now this 2004 to 2010 has been the

worst phase of nalism in our country and

during the same period of time our

former prime minister Dr Manmohan Singh

said that nalism is the single largest

internal security problem in our country

problems of terrorism and leftwing

extremism constitute two major

challenges that our society and po face

today this is because from 2004 to 2010

a lot of deaths happened due to nalism

we will see nalism being spread in 18

states 218 districts and expanse of

nalism increased and increased and they

will also start moving towards western

region in this particular era but 2010

onwards we have been seeing a lot of

proactive measures taken by the

government of India and a lot of State

polies as well to counter this nxl

related violence and nxl related

incidents after that that is why we see

from 2012 till 2022 there have been

reduction in the cases related to nalism

in our country of course a lot of

actions have been taken by the state

police a lot of action has been taken by

the central government and a lot of

action has been taken by the state

governments as well what are these

actions we'll learn about them in a

while but first of all we have to

understand about the major causes

because of which naxalism was able to

spread this much in our country now the

causes can be divided amongst three

different reasons that is water forest

and land so these three reasons are very

prominent because people tribal people

in our country in many of the regions

they were deprived and marginalized in

these three areas that is jel Jungle

zamine the their rights in relation to

these three things were snatched or they

were not getting rightful ownership of

these three things that is why they were

supporting knels because they thought

that knels are taking up our demand and

they'll be able to give us rights to our

resources now let us understand all the

causes one by one first cause is that of

tribal discontent now because of

frequent displacements of the tribals

because of low socioeconomic indicators

because of poor amenities because of

deprivation in relation to culture and

economic aspect as well tribals have

been feeling alienated now if the

tribals are feeling alienated of course

they will support knels because they

will feel that Nels are taking up their

issue and Nels are voicing their

concerns as well that is why tribals

will shift towards nalism also second

prominent issue is in relation to

administrative vacuum and governance

related issues now because of no

electricity no water lack of livelihood

poor healthcare because of these C many

of the reasons and administrative vacuum

in these many of the regions because of

this the tribals and the population have

shifted their support to knels and a lot

of governance related issues like

corruption unequal resource distribution

and Injustice have also played its own

role and the third issue is that of

economic cause so economic issues like

unemployment poverty inequality

reduction in infrastructure no

livelihood underdevelopment has been

very very prominent in manifestation of

naxalism in several regions of our

country also there have been several

reasons in relation to the coordination

as well so lack of coordination amongst

State Police and the central government

Interstate police coordination have been

lacking because of these reasons as well

because of lacunas nalism have been able

to use these lacunas to their own

Advantage because of this nalism has

spread in our country but what is very

important for us to understand is that

in the last 10 years what has been the

steps which have been taken by the

central government and the state

government because of which we have been

able to control leftwing extremism

because of which we have been able to

control nalism in our country now the

reasons for decline of nalism can be

divided into three different pillars

first pillar is that of institutional

strength of our police forces and Armed

Forces second pillar is that of

ideological counter so providing a

ideological counter to the ideology of

naxalism or the ideology of leftwing

extremism and third is the

administrative governance and economic

reform reforms initiated by both central

government and state governments as well

so on these three pillars the reforms

are taking place now the first measure

is the ministry of Home Affairs National

policy and action plan which have been

working since 2015 again to counter

leftwing extremism there have been a

initiative of aspirational District

program again to incentivize districts

again to transform districts in our

country the most prominent Doctrine is

the samadan doctrine towards which the

government is working now samadan

Doctrine is very prominent s stands for

smart leadership a stands for aggressive

strategy m stands for motivation and

training a stands for actionable

intelligence d stands for dashboard

based key performance indicators H

stands for harnessing technology a again

stands for action plan for each theater

and n stands for no access to financing

now combining all these things if the

state government and the central

government take decisions and take

certain actions remedial steps

definitely we will be able to counter

nalism and this strategy have been

working since last many many years and

that is why we have we have been

successful in countering nalism to a

very large extent also eav residential

model schools have also played a very

important important role in uplifting

the social economic St status of the

regions which have been manifested or

Infested by nalism now one Innovative

practice could be seen by that of

chhattisghar government so in 2005

chattis Gad government started with Sala

judum that is

vigilent group where the local tribal

groups will be given training and

support by the central government and

they will have to counter the Nell

related violence now of course a lot of

controversies were there surrounding the

salaj judum as well but this shows that

2010 or 2005 10 and 12 onwards a lot of

proactive measures were taken by the

state government and central government

in countering this nalism countering

nalism became a very prominent strategy

for our internal security Doctrine in

this particular era in the current ERA

also so we see a lot of proactive

measures being taken by a lot of

stakeholders in countering this naxalism

and left-wing extremism in our country

now since we have understood that how

nalism manifested in our country how

maoism came into being or how leftwing

extremism spread in our country what is

very important for us to understand is

that even after these measures why has

naxalism not ended in our country and

what should be the way forward the way

forward should obviously be to hit the

root cause of nalism and the root causes

alienation because people feel alienated

they support knels if we are able to

eliminate alienation in our country that

no group in our country feels alienated

we will be able to basically cut the

pipeline of support towards nalism so we

need to involve alienated sections

alienated masses into the mainstream to

counter this and we have to work on

three different fronts first is

institutional second is ideological and

third is Rehabilitation we need to

strengthen our institutions that is

State Police and the central government

Armed Forces as well we need to also

give a counter ideology towards that of

nalism so counter ideology needs to be

presented that nalism is not the

solution what a solution is a democracy

what a solution is that you get elected

you come into the parliament you demand

your rights or you work towards

achieving what you deserve third is that

of Rehabilitation that means knels who

have converted and come into the come

into the mainstream and they want to be

rehab at we need to provide them skill

development we need to provide them

rights and entitlements in that of land

and Forest as well so the resources we

need to provide them and we need to

upskill themselves so that they can

merge with the mainstream society and

nalism as a problem can be solved all

together so I hope you understood or

gained New Perspective from this

particular session all the very best and

have a nice day