Naming Acids Introduction

Summary

This video introduces the rules for naming acids based on their chemical formulas. Acids are broken into H⁺ ions and negative ions, with the name depending on the negative ion. For acids without oxygen, names are derived by removing **-ide** from the negative ion and adding **hydro-** and **-ic acid** (e.g., HCl → Hydrochloric acid). For acids with oxygen, the rules vary based on whether the ion ends in **-ate** (changing to **-ic acid**) or **-ite** (changing to **-ous acid**). The video also addresses exceptions and mnemonics to simplify learning these naming conventions.

Takeaways

• 😀 An acid is a compound where one or more H+ ions are bonded to a negative ion.
• 😀 The name of an acid is determined by the negative ion it contains.
• 😀 There are two main types of acids: those with oxygen and those without oxygen.
• 😀 For acids without oxygen, the name is based on the negative ion ending in '-ide' (e.g., chloride, bromide).
• 😀 In acids with an '-ide' ion, remove 'ide' and add 'hydro-' and '-ic' to name the acid (e.g., HCl = hydrochloric acid).
• 😀 For acids with oxygen, the negative ion is a polyatomic ion that usually ends in '-ate' or '-ite'.
• 😀 If the polyatomic ion ends in '-ate', drop the '-ate' and add '-ic' to name the acid (e.g., HNO3 = nitric acid).
• 😀 If the polyatomic ion ends in '-ite', drop the '-ite' and add '-ous' (e.g., HNO2 = nitrous acid).
• 😀 Some acids do not follow the typical rules, such as those containing phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, and sulfite ions.
• 😀 For ions with 'hypo-' or 'per-' prefixes, use the same naming rules, changing the ending as needed (e.g., hypochlorite = hypochlorous acid).
• 😀 A helpful mnemonic for remembering acid naming: 'My ride has hydraulics.' (Hydro- for '-ide', Ate = icky, Sprite = delicious).

Q & A

What is the basic definition of an acid in the context of this video?

An acid is a compound in which one or more H+ ions are bonded to a negative ion. This is the working definition used for the purpose of naming acids in this video.

Why is it important to separate the H+ ion from the negative ion when naming acids?

It is important because the name of an acid is based on the negative ion. By identifying the negative ion, we can use its name to determine the acid’s name.

What are the two main types of acids mentioned in the video?

The two main types of acids are those that contain oxygen and those that do not contain oxygen. Each type follows different naming rules.

How do you name an acid if the negative ion ends in '-ide'?

If the negative ion ends in '-ide,' you drop the '-ide' and add 'hydro-' at the beginning and '-ic acid' at the end. For example, HCl becomes hydrochloric acid.

Can you give an example of an acid with a negative ion that ends in '-ide' and explain the naming process?

Sure! HBr is an example. The negative ion, Br-, is called bromide. Following the rule, we remove 'ide' from bromide and add 'hydrobromic acid.'

What is the rule for naming acids containing polyatomic ions that end in '-ate'?

For polyatomic ions that end in '-ate,' you drop the 'ate' and replace it with '-ic acid.' For example, HNO3, which contains nitrate (NO3-), becomes nitric acid.

How do you name an acid if the negative ion ends in '-ite'?

If the negative ion ends in '-ite,' you drop the 'ite' and replace it with '-ous acid.' For example, HNO2, which contains nitrite (NO2-), becomes nitrous acid.

What is the rule for naming acids containing polyatomic ions with 'hypo' or 'per' in their names?

When an ion starts with 'hypo' or 'per,' you still apply the same rule based on the ion's ending. For example, hypochlorite (ClO-) becomes hypochlorous acid, and permanganate (MnO4-) becomes permanganic acid.

What are some common exceptions to the acid naming rules, as discussed in the video?

There are a few exceptions for acids containing phosphate, phosphite, sulfate, and sulfite ions. For example, phosphate (PO4-3) becomes phosphoric acid instead of 'phosfic acid,' and sulfate (SO4-2) becomes sulfuric acid instead of 'sulfic acid.'

Why is it important to memorize polyatomic ions when learning to name acids?

It’s crucial because knowing the names of polyatomic ions helps you correctly apply the naming rules and identify which rule to use for acids containing these ions.