Rise of China | Season 1 | Episode 3 | History 101 | #education #documentary #history #china #101
Summary
TLDR1979年2月、中国の最高指導者である鄧小平が初めてアメリカを訪れ、中国が世界経済に参入する意欲を示した。その後、中国は急速に経済成長を遂げ、特別経済区(SEZ)の設立などで外国投資を引きつけた。1980年代から90年代にかけて、中国は低コストの大量生産により、世界経済の重要なプレーヤーとなった。経済危機や政治的な逆境にもかかわらず、中国は世界最大の経済大国への道を進んでおり、2030年までにアメリカを追い抜くと予測されている。
Takeaways
- 😀 1979年2月、鄧小平が中国の指導者として初めてアメリカを訪問。
- 🤠 中国は経済的に世界とつながる意志を示す。
- 📈 中国の人口は14億人、巨大な経済力を持つ。
- 🏙️ 中国の15のメガシティには約16%の人口が住んでいる。
- 📊 2018年、中国は世界のGDPの18.6%を占める。
- 🛠️ 中国は世界のコンピューターの41%、エアコンの34%、携帯電話の70%を輸出。
- 🌏 中国はグローバルな経済大国に成長。
- 🔨 1949年、毛沢東が中華人民共和国を設立、自己完結的な経済システムを導入。
- 🚀 鄧小平の改革開放政策が中国の経済成長を加速。
- 💰 特別経済区(SEZ)の設立により、外資誘致と輸出が活発化。
- 🌆 深センの人口が大幅に増加し、経済成長の象徴に。
- 📉 2008年の世界金融危機後、中国は国内消費を促進して経済を回復。
- 🛤️ 一帯一路イニシアティブを通じて、グローバルなインフラ投資を拡大。
- 🏆 2025年までに中国が世界最大の経済大国になる可能性が高い。
Q & A
なぜ鄧小平はアメリカを訪問したのですか?
-鄧小平は中国の経済を開放し、世界と連携する意向を示すためにアメリカを訪問しました。これは中国が30年間の孤立を終わらせ、経済的な改革を推進するための一環でした。
中国の人口はどれくらいですか?
-中国の人口は14億人以上で、北アメリカ、南アメリカ、オーストラリア、ニュージーランド、スカンジナビア、および西ヨーロッパ全体を合わせたよりも多いです。
特別経済区(SEZ)はどのような役割を果たしましたか?
-特別経済区(SEZ)は、外国からの投資を引きつけ、輸出品を生産するための地域として設立されました。これにより、中国は経済改革を進め、世界経済に参加することができました。
天安門事件は何を象徴していますか?
-天安門事件は、経済的自由が許容されても、政治的自由は認められないという中国共産党の姿勢を象徴しています。1989年6月4日に学生デモが武力で鎮圧され、多くの死者が出ました。
鄧小平の経済改革の成果は何ですか?
-鄧小平の経済改革により、中国は急速な経済成長を遂げました。特別経済区が成功し、国内外の投資を引きつけることができました。これにより、中国は世界経済の中で重要な地位を占めるようになりました。
中国はどのようにして偽造品問題に対処しようとしましたか?
-中国は、世界貿易機関(WTO)に加盟するために、偽造品の取締りを約束しましたが、依然として多くの偽造品が製造されています。2019年時点で、世界の偽造品の85%が中国から来ていると推定されています。
2008年の経済危機が中国に与えた影響は?
-2008年の経済危機は中国にも影響を与えましたが、中国政府は迅速に5860億ドルの救済策を講じ、輸出から国内消費へのシフトを促しました。これにより、中国は比較的速やかに経済回復を果たしました。
一帯一路構想とは何ですか?
-一帯一路構想は、中国が世界中のインフラプロジェクトに投資する戦略です。鉄道、道路、パイプラインなどを含むこのプロジェクトにより、中国は国際的な影響力を強化し、経済的な利益を得ようとしています。
中国の経済成長はアメリカとどのように比較されますか?
-中国の経済成長は急速で、2018年にはアメリカに次ぐ世界第二の経済大国となりました。推定では2025年までにアメリカを追い越し、世界一の経済大国になると予想されています。
鄧小平の改革後の中国の経済政策の特徴は何ですか?
-鄧小平の改革後、中国は市場経済の要素を取り入れながらも、共産党の統制を維持するという「中国の特色ある社会主義」を推進しました。これにより、経済的な自由と国家の統制が共存する独自の経済モデルを形成しました。
Outlines
😀 邓小平的美国之行:经济开放的开始
1979年2月,邓小平成为首位访问美国的中国领导人,标志着中国经济开始走向世界舞台。尽管当时他还不知道,但这一举措将超出预期地成功。中国人口众多,经济潜力巨大,到2018年,中国已占全球GDP的18.6%,出口了世界上70%的手机,成为全球经济强国。
🤝 中美关系的重建与经济改革
1970年代初,美国开始修复与中国的关系,尼克松总统访问中国,试图推动中国走向民主。邓小平1978年接管中国,开始经济改革,创建了四个经济特区,吸引外国投资,推动中国经济发展。深圳成为首批特区之一,从一个小渔村迅速发展成一个1200万人口的大城市。
📈 经济改革与政治镇压的并存
中国在经济开放的同时,也面临着年轻人对政治自由的渴望。1989年春,北京天安门广场爆发了要求民主和自由的抗议活动,但遭到武力镇压,导致众多死伤。随后,中国重新开放了上海证券交易所,推动市场经济发展,同时保持共产党的统治地位。
🌍 经济危机中的中国策略
2008年全球经济危机期间,中国受到影响,但迅速采取措施,推出5860亿美元的救助计划,并将生产重心从出口转向国内消费。此后,中国通过“一带一路”倡议,在全球范围内投资基础设施项目,进一步提升了国家财富和国际影响力。
🔝 中国经济的崛起与未来挑战
预计到2025年,中国将超越美国成为全球第一大经济体。中国的国家资本主义在盈利方面表现出色,但经济成功是否能长期维持仍未可知。未来,中国可能面临人民对更多选择和政治参与的需求,但不可否认的是,今天的中国已经成为全球经济的重要角色。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡鄧小平
💡人民公社
💡特別経済区
💡文化大革命
💡天安門事件
💡一帯一路
💡模倣品
💡世界貿易機関 (WTO)
💡経済改革
💡市場経済
Highlights
Deng Xiaoping's 1979 visit to the USA marks China's return to the international stage after 30 years of isolation.
China's population is 1.4 billion, more than North America, South America, Australia, New Zealand, Scandinavia, and all of Western Europe combined.
China is responsible for 18.6% of global GDP, exporting 41% of the world's computers, 34% of air conditioners, and 70% of cell phones.
China's alliance with America during World War II and its mass production efforts.
The establishment of the People's Republic of China by Mao Zedong in 1949 and the subsequent period of self-reliance.
Mao's Cultural Revolution, aimed at re-educating dissenters, resulting in widespread famine and economic challenges.
Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China, aiming to re-establish ties and encourage democracy.
Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms in 1978, creating special economic zones (SEZs) to attract foreign investment.
The transformation of Shenzhen from a fishing village to a mega city, highlighting the success of SEZs.
China's rapid urbanization, constructing neighborhoods the size of Rome every two weeks by 2005.
China's emergence as a global toy production hub in Guangdong Province.
The Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 and the subsequent crackdown by the Chinese government.
The reopening of the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 1990, marking a shift towards a market economy.
China's integration into the World Trade Organization (WTO) with support from President Bill Clinton.
China's resilience during the 2008 global economic crisis, using state resources to mitigate losses.
The Belt and Road Initiative, a vast infrastructure project aimed at boosting global trade and connectivity.
China's significant investments in global infrastructure, increasing its economic influence worldwide.
China's economic growth nearing the US, with predictions of becoming the world's top economic power by 2025.
The debate over China's state-sponsored capitalism versus America's democratic system for economic success.
Transcripts
thank you
February 1979 and the Paramount leader
of the People's Republic of China is
taking in a rodeo
dung Xiaoping is the first Chinese
leader ever to tour the USA
after 30 years of isolation communist
China is suddenly back on the
international stage and dung is making
it clear that they're ready to embrace
the world economically
he doesn't know it yet but that approach
will work beyond all expectations
[Music]
the population of China is huge 1.4
billion people more than North America
South America Australia New Zealand
Scandinavia and all of Western Europe
combined
according to the Chinese government
nearly 16 of the population lives in
China's 15 mega cities each with a
population of over 10 million there are
only 47 such cities in the world
as of 2018 China is responsible for 18.6
of global gross domestic products
it exports 41 of the world's computers
34 of all air conditioners and a
whopping 70 of the world's cell phones
China has become a global economic
Powerhouse
how did they pull it off
and why was the rest of the world so
slow to notice China's rise to the top
[Music]
during World War II China and America
are stored allies in the battle against
Japanese Imperial aggression
and like America China throws itself
into mass production on an epic scale
somewhere in China a blanket Factory in
full blast
three thousand women working with hand
looms weave the blankets for the Chinese
Army but after fighting the Japanese
China is torn apart by a brutal civil
war between the U.S backed nationalists
led by Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist
Army and its leader Mao zidong
in 1949 Mao sweeps to Victory
establishing the People's Republic of
China
[Music]
in Mouse China everyone is to share in
the wealth
and that Collective Community will be
represented by the state
also China is to be completely
self-reliant in terms of Finance food
and goods
[Music]
no more stock exchanges and no more
diplomatic or economic relations with
the capitalist West
China and its 542 million people will be
cut off from the rest of the world
[Music]
to modernize his largely agrarian Mega
Nation Mao encourages millions of
peasants to leave their farms and work
in factories
and to make sure no one has a problem
with that he launches the cultural
revolution punishing dissenters by
ordering them to re-education camps
paramilitary groups attack Bourgeois
intellectuals many cities are close to
chaos at least a million die
meanwhile China suffers from widespread
famine a corrupt infrastructure and a
busted economy
it's largely ignored by the rest of the
world
in 1960 China's economy is worth 59
billion dollars
a figure dwarfed by the United States
economy worth 543 billion dollars
[Music]
but in the early 1970s America decides
it's time to win over Mao taking
advantage of a rift between him and his
communist counterparts in the Soviet
Union
Richard Nixon becomes the first American
president ever to visit China
after 25 years of isolation Mao seems
prepared to re-establish ties with
America
and Nixon hopes to encourage an
american-style democracy in China
[Music]
but when supreme leader Mao dies in 1976
his autocratic system doesn't die with
him
it just takes a whole new Direction
enter dung Xiaoping
when dung takes China's Reigns at the
end of 1978 he makes it clear that while
his party is not going to relinquish any
power China will consider opening up to
the West if they can make a little money
out of it
this is the reason for dung's cheerful
visit to America
sending a signal to the world communist
China is open for business
and they start by embarking on a program
of economic reform
creating four special economic zones or
sezs
the zones will be allowed to play by
different rules than the rest of
communist China
here factories will be able to export
goods to the West
and importers will be able to trade with
capitalist countries the idea is that
these zones will draw foreign
investments and serve as many economic
engines for the rest of the country
and it works
spectacularly just three years ago this
area housed a few Villages and Paddy
Fields today it is a bustling commercial
site an industrial city being built from
scratch
China's leaders insist that these secs
are just experiments in global trade
they remain dedicated to the ideals of
Communism and Mao
one of the first special economic zones
is the fishing Village of Shenzhen
population 59 000.
by 2016 its population swells to 12
million
after increases an astounding 24
569 percent
which explains why over the next 30
Years China will begin designating more
and more of these development zones
by 2005 China is constructing
neighborhoods the size of Rome every two
weeks
[Music]
between 2011 and 2013 China uses more
cement than the US did in the entire
20th century
in these early secs Factory managers
take advantage of China's massive labor
force to crank out huge quantities of
low-cost exports and productivity goes
Sky High
setting up in the development Zone means
tax-free profits low rents and endless
cheap labor
in one sec Guangdong Province one
commodity rules them all toys
[Music]
with more than 1500 toy factories this
Zone emerges as the world's largest toy
production base exporting billions of
dollars worth each year
anywhere else this is called capitalism
here it's titled socialism with Chinese
characteristics
socialism with Chinese characteristics
is how China starts fulfilling huge
consumer demand for cheap Goods in the
west
economically China's catching up but
America is still number one
between 1980 and 1990 China's economy
almost doubles
but so does Americas keeping it far
ahead
but with this opening up to capitalism
China's leaders now have a problem
young people are increasingly demanding
more than just the right to pursue
profits
in the spring of 1989 in beijing's
Tiananmen Square students begin leading
daily protests calling for democracy
free speech and a free press but on June
4th the ruling Communist Party sends the
students a clear message economic
freedom is one thing political freedom
is something else
tanks and troops are dispatched to the
square and open fire on the
demonstrators
thank you
the Chinese government never does
release an official death toll but the
event will become known internationally
as the Tiananmen Square massacre
[Music]
or taking a stick to those protesting
their Authority China's leaders offer a
carrot to those interested in making
money
in December 1990 they reopened the
Shanghai stock exchange sparking stock
market fever
Shares are on offer and for the Chinese
it's a riveting new game
it's a chance to be a real capitalist
China is still a communist Nation but
its transformation to a market economy
seems almost complete
a dream of money money podcast
very soon
what would Mal say
by the end of the 1990s the signs of
China's economic success are everywhere
memories of the civilians killed in
Tiananmen Square and the freedoms they
were seeking seemed to fade as workers
wages and their quality of living climb
and foreign businesses rushed to set up
shop to reach China's billions of
consumers
me on
luxury items from abroad become highly
coveted status symbols
[Music]
but most Chinese citizens can't afford
expensive name brand goods from overseas
the demand for counterfeit Goods emerges
one that fuels a new Boom for China's
manufacturers accounting for up to eight
percent of China's GDP
okay so here we have the new Bond DVD in
fact we have the whole bond series here
and this is just the tip of the iceberg
when it comes to China's counterfeit
culture
sometimes it feels like everyone's
Faking It polo shirts Burberry scarves
no Western brand is safe
fake Chinese
goods are finding their way around the
world
and sellers of the real stuff aren't
happy
this Chinese chocolate maker is being
sued by its more famous rival Ferrero
Rocher complained the product is too
close for coincidence he's a Chinese
member this product has been in China is
normal this is just a English name is
this Chinese name
the thing is China really wants to join
the World Trade Organization to solidify
its status on the world stage
[Applause]
and it has President Bill Clinton's
support
ing the economy of China
unprecedented opportunities
for American farmers workers and
companies to compete successfully in
China's Market
while bringing increased prosperity to
the people in China
but those counterfeit Goods become a
real sticking point
America insists that China's leaders
crack down on copycat Manufacturing
and China swears it will
but as of 2019 it's estimated that 85 of
all the world's counterfeit Goods still
comes from China
Place goes to turkey with three percent
China's top five counterfeit goods are
smartphones
luxury brand bags Footwear
sports clothes like Nike and North Face
and it's estimated that 20 of Cosmetics
on the market in China are fake
[Music]
in the 1990s the rest of the world also
wants China to open up its
state-controlled Market to more
competition from outside
they say it's not fair the Chinese
government blocks Imports into China but
still floods other countries with its
exports
again China promises to work towards
balancing its trade
[Music]
and in November 1998 America agrees to
support China's entry into the WTO
earlier today the United States and
China reached an agreement on the WTO
this is a truly historic achievement
Clinton like Nixon before him hopes that
beijing's authoritarian government will
loosen its grip over its people once it
opens up to doing more business with the
West
but that rosy-eyed optimism may be what
blinds foreign powers to the aggressive
Juggernaut China's economy is becoming
by 1998 China's economy hits the one
trillion dollar mark
but America is still way ahead hitting
nine trillion dollars
foreign
[Music]
in 2008 an economic crisis hits
and this one is global the worst
economic disaster since 1929.
in the U.S more than 2.6 million people
lose their jobs
1.8 million businesses shutter and 10
million homes are foreclosed in less
than two years
that December China is hit too
as exports to the U.S dry up
people just aren't buying like they used
to
[Music]
Merry Christmas it's no laughing matter
someone canceled Christmas as China
discovers that all that glisters is no
longer sold
[Applause]
many Chinese factories shut down
including one Mega Factory that produces
the symbol of the season the world's
largest Christmas tree Factory lies
derelict
all around here you will find dozens of
factories like this that have collapsed
under the weight of empty order books
and empty and rusting reminder that in
the global economy the global downturn
Knows No Boundaries
but remember in China the state runs
everything
and China's new Paramount leader who
Jintao isn't worried then just use the
state's Deep Pockets to make up for any
losses
foreign
[Music]
with no free press or political
opposition to second-guess their
policies
the Chinese government swiftly
authorizes a 586 billion dollar bailout
and Chinese factories quickly pivot from
churning up goods for export to making
goods for domestic consumers
for China the crash of 2008 turns out to
be less of a knockout and more of a
glancing blow
soon they're ready to rise again
we found economic leverage China starts
quietly investing in far-flung
developing nations in Africa and Asia
the most ambitious policies is called
the belt and Road initiative
a vast series of infrastructure projects
around the globe
foreign
these include a 12 000 kilometer Railway
stretching from ewoo in coastal China
all the way to London
a massive network of Highways connecting
Eastern China to Pakistan's deep water
ports
and a
1833 kilometer pipeline that can carry
natural gas from Turkmenistan across
Central Asia to the Chinese border
around the world China has invested more
than one trillion dollars in
infrastructure projects across dozens of
countries
this latest strategy of China's newest
leader Xi Jinping really makes the West
sit up and take notice
is China taking over the world
[Music]
supporters of China's International
Investments say that these
infrastructure projects will lift
millions of people out of poverty and
create jobs in poorer countries
critics say it's a land grab using
checkbooks instead of swords
either way it's increasing China's
overall wealth at an astronomical rate
by 2018 China's economy is closing in on
Americas
it's not a matter of if but when China
overtakes the U.S
the best guess is by 2025
making China the world's number one
economic superpower
[Music]
years ago
soon saw China as a struggling third
world country
today it's China that the rest of the
world is playing catch up to
most will agree that their brand of
state-sponsored capitalism works when it
comes to making profits perhaps even
better than America's messy democratic
system but history tells us nations are
not built on economic success and power
alone so how will China survive long
term
will people demand more Choice more say
in their own governments whatever its
future it's safe to say no say no one is
ignoring China anymore
[Music]
浏览更多相关视频
How China BECAME The World's "Economic Miracle"
中国が遂に世界の最貧国へ。共産党職員ですら給与がもらえない"地獄"の共産国家の現状がヤバすぎる... 【海外の反応】【ずんだもん解説】
Why Japan's Economy is Finally Growing Again
Modi wins again but stumbles over India's jobs crisis • FRANCE 24 English
What lies ahead for the global economy in 2024? | Counting the Cost
“60円朝食”も…激安店急増 中国で『全人代』開幕 “失われた30年”日本から学ぶ【報道ステーション】(2024年3月5日)
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)