DESEMPACA: GOVERNO GERAL EM CINCO MINUTOS

Summary

This video lesson covers the establishment and functioning of the General Government in Colonial Brazil, introduced by King Dom João III of Portugal in 1548. It explains the centralization of political and administrative power under a governor-general and the roles of key officials like the provedor-mor, ouvidor-mor, and capitão-mor. The video highlights the governance structure, including municipal councils and notable figures such as Tomé de Souza, Duarte da Costa, and Mem de Sá. It also discusses the conflicts between colonizers and Jesuits, the establishment of Catholicism, and the founding of important cities like Salvador and Rio de Janeiro.

Takeaways

• 📜 In 1548, King John III of Portugal established the General Government in Brazil to centralize political and administrative power.
• 👑 The General Government meant the governor-general, not through hereditary captaincies, centralized control.
• 💰 The governor-general had key officials like the Chief Provider for finances, Chief Justice for judiciary, and Chief Captain for defense.
• 🏛️ Municipal councils, composed of wealthy landowners, managed local governance.
• ⛪ Tomé de Souza, the first governor-general (1549-1553), brought Jesuit Manuel da Nóbrega, marking the official arrival of Catholicism.
• 🏫 The Jesuit College of Salvador was founded, starting the first capital of the colony.
• 📖 Duarte da Costa (1553-1558) was the second governor-general, bringing Jesuit José de Anchieta who co-founded the Jesuit College of São Paulo.
• ⚔️ Conflicts arose between colonizers and Jesuits over the treatment and enslavement of indigenous people.
• 🤝 The third governor-general, Mem de Sá (1558-1572), established peace with the Tamoios tribe through the Iperoig armistice.
• 🌆 The city of Rio de Janeiro was founded to counter French invasions, especially from the France Antarctique settlement.

Q & A

What was the main purpose of establishing the 'Governo Geral' in Brazil during colonial times?

The main purpose of establishing the 'Governo Geral' was to centralize the political and administrative power of Brazil in the hands of a single person, the Governor-General, to streamline governance and better manage the Portuguese colony.

Who was the first Governor-General of Brazil and what years did he govern?

The first Governor-General of Brazil was Tomé de Souza, who governed from 1549 to 1553.

What significant event marked the official arrival of the Catholic Church in Brazil during Tomé de Souza's governance?

The official arrival of the Catholic Church in Brazil was marked by the arrival of the Jesuit priest Manuel da Nóbrega during Tomé de Souza's governance.

What was the role of the 'Provedor-Mór' in the administration of the colony?

The 'Provedor-Mór' was responsible for managing finances and tax collection in the colony.

What was the role of the 'Ouvidor-Mór' in the colonial administration?

The 'Ouvidor-Mór' was in charge of justice, establishing a judicial system in Brazil that was linked to the directives from Portugal.

Who was the second Governor-General of Brazil and during which years did he govern?

The second Governor-General of Brazil was Duarte da Costa, who governed from 1553 to 1558.

What significant Jesuit figure accompanied Duarte da Costa and contributed to the foundation of São Paulo?

José de Anchieta, along with Manoel da Nóbrega, accompanied Duarte da Costa and contributed to the foundation of the Jesuit college in São Paulo.

What was the conflict between Duarte da Costa and the bishop that led to accusations against him?

Duarte da Costa was accused by Bishop Pero Fernandes Sardinha of mistreating the population of Salvador, leading to a conflict involving religious and indigenous issues.

Who was the third Governor-General of Brazil and what was a significant achievement during his governance?

The third Governor-General was Mem de Sá, and a significant achievement during his governance was the establishment of the armistice of Iperoig, which led to peace between the colonists and the Tamoios tribe.

How did the foundation of Rio de Janeiro relate to the strategic defense against French invasions?

The foundation of Rio de Janeiro was a military strategy to encircle and expel the French, who were located in the area of the France Antarctique, thereby securing the region from further invasions.

What was the role of Estácio de Sá in the foundation of Rio de Janeiro?

Estácio de Sá, the nephew of the Governor-General Mem de Sá, played a crucial role in founding the city of Rio de Janeiro as part of the strategy to combat French invasions.