Percobaan Sifat Sifat Kimia Hidrokarbon | Lab Kimia | UPT Laboratorium Terpadu UHO

Summary

This experiment explores the chemical properties of hydrocarbons, specifically focusing on the differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Through a series of tests, students examine the reactions of hydrocarbons with potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and various solvents. Key materials include gasoline, paraffin oil, and kerosene. The experiment provides insights into solubility, reactivity with acids, and the behavior of hydrocarbons in different chemical environments. By analyzing these properties, students gain a deeper understanding of organic chemistry and the distinct characteristics of hydrocarbons.

Takeaways

• 😀 The experiment focuses on the chemical properties of hydrocarbons, specifically saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
• 😀 The purpose of the experiment is to help students learn the typical properties of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
• 😀 The tools used in the experiment include test tubes, spray flasks, droppers, 10 ml measuring cups, and 100 ml beakers.
• 😀 The materials used in the experiment are dilute NaOH, concentrated H2SO4, paraffin oil, gasoline, CCl4, KMnO4 (1% in 10% H2SO4), and ice cubes.
• 😀 Hydrocarbons are divided into two main categories: saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
• 😀 Well-known hydrocarbons include fuel oil and paraffin, which are typically mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons produced from petroleum distillation.
• 😀 The experiment includes testing the reaction of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with KMnO4 in H2SO4, noting the disappearance of color as a key observation.
• 😀 Another test involves mixing hydrocarbons with concentrated H2SO4 and observing reactions after cooling with ice cubes.
• 😀 Physical solubility tests are performed using different solvents such as water, ether, ligroin, H2SO4, and HNO3 to observe the solubility of kerosene.
• 😀 A chemical test is performed on kerosene by adding dilute NaOH and KMnO4 solutions, followed by shaking to observe any changes in both tubes.
• 😀 All results of the experiment should be recorded on the provided worksheet for further analysis and understanding.

Q & A

What is the purpose of the experiment on hydrocarbons?

The purpose of the experiment is for students to learn about the typical properties of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

What tools are used in the experiment?

The tools used in the experiment include test tubes, spray flasks, droppers, 10 ml measuring cups, and 100 ml beakers.

What materials are used in the experiment?

The materials used are dilute NaOH, concentrated H2SO4, paraffin oil, gasoline, CCl4, KMnO4 (1% in 10% H2SO4), and ice cubes.

How are hydrocarbons categorized in the experiment?

Hydrocarbons are categorized into two groups: saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

What is the procedure for testing the chemical properties of hydrocarbons with permanganate acid?

To test the chemical properties, 1 ml of gasoline is added to one test tube, and 1 ml of paraffin oil to another. A drop of KMnO4 solution is added to each tube, shaken, and observed for color changes. Additional KMnO4 is added drop by drop until the color no longer disappears.

What should be observed when testing with sulfuric acid?

After placing the test tubes in ice cubes to cool, 3 ml of concentrated H2SO4 is slowly added to each tube. The changes that occur after shaking should be observed and recorded.

How is solubility of kerosene tested in the experiment?

To test solubility, 5 drops of kerosene are added to 5 test tubes, each containing different solvents (water, ether, ligroin, H2SO4, HNO3). The degree of solubility is noted after the volume reaches 3 ml.

What is the procedure for testing the chemical properties of kerosene?

The chemical properties of kerosene are tested by adding 3 ml of dilute NaOH to one test tube and 5 drops of dilute KMnO4 to another. After adding 5 drops of kerosene to both tubes, they are shaken, and the changes are observed.

What is the role of KMnO4 in this experiment?

KMnO4 is used to test the reactivity of hydrocarbons. When added to unsaturated hydrocarbons, it typically causes a color change, indicating a reaction due to the presence of double bonds.

Why is it important to cool the test tubes before adding sulfuric acid?

Cooling the test tubes ensures that the sulfuric acid reacts under controlled conditions, preventing any potential hazards or rapid reactions that could occur at higher temperatures.