Islam dan Geopolitik Internasional - Ceramah KH Hasyim Muzadi PART 2

Summary

The speaker discusses the historical and contemporary dynamics of political and religious ideologies, particularly focusing on the intersection of Islam, radicalism, and global power shifts. The narrative reflects on past events like the fall of the Soviet Union, the Iraq War, and the 9/11 attacks, alongside their impact on Indonesia's political and social landscape. The speaker critiques the rise of transnational ideologies that conflict with Indonesia's Pancasila and Constitution, while urging for awareness and prevention of radicalism within both Muslim and non-Muslim communities. The emphasis is on unity, understanding, and the preservation of democratic values in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Mashudi strategy has been around for a long time, but only recently has it become a prominent force in political and ideological discussions.
• 😀 Communism, born in 1930, led to significant global conflict, especially between the Eastern and Western blocs during the 20th century, resulting in many deaths.
• 😀 The collapse of the Soviet Union and the rise of leaders like Gorbachev, Xiaoping, and others symbolized the defeat of communism by changing mindsets rather than through weapons.
• 😀 After the fall of communism, the West and East united in their goal to target the Muslim world, particularly regions like the Middle East and North Africa.
• 😀 The year 2001 marked a pivotal moment with the attacks on the US, including the Pentagon, leading to significant geopolitical shifts, especially in relation to Islamic radicalism.
• 😀 The 'Clash of Civilizations' theory proposed by Samuel Huntington in the late 20th century is contested, with a belief that the real conflict is a clash of interests and political systems.
• 😀 The Arab Spring was not a military conflict but was driven by ideological perceptions of democracy, poverty, and rebellion, contributing to widespread instability.
• 😀 Iraq’s collapse in the 2000s was deeply sad, as it not only destroyed its infrastructure but also resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people, significantly impacting its historical and religious heritage.
• 😀 The ideological shifts and instability in Iraq raise concerns about the potential spread of such conflicts to Indonesia, though there is hope that it will not happen.
• 😀 Since the 1945 Constitution's revisions, Indonesia has seen an influx of radical ideologies, including Shia, Wahhabi, and Caliphate movements, all of which challenge the principles of Pancasila and the national constitution.
• 😀 Political movements such as Hizbut Tahrir promote ideas that contradict Indonesia's core ideologies of democracy, Pancasila, and the NKRI, leading to potential divisions and conflicts within the Muslim community.

Q & A

What is the Mashudi strategy and why is it significant in the context of the script?

The Mashudi strategy refers to a longstanding approach that has recently gained attention. It is significant in the context of the script because the speaker is pondering why this strategy is now being actively confronted, despite its presence for a long time. The speaker is concerned about the potential impact of this strategy and its political undertones.

What was the major event in the world and Indonesia during Gus Dur's presidency in 1999?

In 1999, there were significant events in both the world and Indonesia. Internationally, the collapse of communism marked a major shift in global power dynamics, with the fall of the Soviet Union and the PRC's changes. Domestically, Indonesia was transitioning politically, and this period saw changes in ideologies and political systems within the country.

How did communism's influence change in the 20th century, according to the script?

Communism, which originated in the early 20th century, was a major global force, particularly led by the Soviet Union and China. However, by the late 20th century, particularly around 1992, communism began to lose ground as it was challenged by the Western bloc. The script suggests that this ideological battle was not fought with weapons, but by changing mindsets and thinking.

What is meant by 'Clash of Civilizations' in the script, and how does it differ from the speaker’s perspective?

The 'Clash of Civilizations' refers to a theory proposed by Samuel Huntington, which suggested that the West and the Middle East are fundamentally opposed. However, the speaker argues that this is not a clash of civilizations but rather a clash of interests and production. The speaker believes this ideological battle is rooted more in political and economic interests than cultural or religious differences.

What significant event in 2001 does the speaker mention, and what was its impact?

The speaker references the 2001 attacks in the United States, including the bombing of the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. This event had global ramifications, further intensifying the ideological battle between the West and Islamic groups. The speaker notes that despite the focus on Al-Qaeda, Iraq was also targeted, leading to major political and military consequences.

What role did Iraq play in the context of the Middle East, according to the speaker?

Iraq played a significant role in the Middle East, especially under Saddam Hussein. The speaker explains how Iraq was attacked by the West, and how the regime eventually fell after multiple military interventions. The speaker reflects on the loss of Iraqi scholars and the destruction of important cultural and academic institutions during this period.

What is the 'Arab Spring,' and how did it relate to the events described?

The 'Arab Spring' refers to a series of uprisings across the Arab world, not driven by military actions but by perceptions of economic injustice and a desire for democracy. The speaker notes that after these uprisings, the region faced significant instability, and countries like Iraq saw political and social upheaval.

What does the speaker suggest about radicalism in Indonesia?

The speaker suggests that radicalism, both within Islam and outside of it, has begun to take root in Indonesia. This includes the rise of various radical ideologies such as Wahhabism and the efforts of groups like Hizbut Tahrir to promote a political system contrary to Indonesia's Pancasila and 1945 Constitution.

What concerns does the speaker raise about Indonesia’s ideological and political future?

The speaker expresses concerns that Indonesia’s ideological and political future is at risk due to the spread of radicalism. They worry that external ideologies, such as those advocating for the Caliphate, are gaining traction, which could lead to internal conflicts and a challenge to the country's democratic system and founding principles.

What actions does the speaker suggest to prevent the rise of radicalism in Indonesia?

The speaker calls for greater vigilance in preventing radicalism by focusing on educational efforts and ensuring that religious teachings are in line with the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. They also suggest greater collaboration with authorities and political leaders to maintain peace and prevent clashes.