Jangan Salah Suntik IM dan SC!

Summary

This video provides an informative guide on intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) injections, explaining their differences, locations, needle angles, and depths. It highlights the key muscle groups for IM injections, such as the deltoid and ventral gluteal muscles, while SC injections are typically administered in the abdomen or thigh. The video also covers the correct needle sizes for both injection types and emphasizes the importance of the '5 Rights' of medication administration. Additionally, it lists examples of vaccines and drugs given via IM and SC routes. The video aims to enhance medical knowledge for healthcare professionals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Intramuscular (IM) injections are given into the muscle, commonly in the deltoid, ventral gluteal, or quadriceps muscles.
• 😀 Subcutaneous (SC) injections are administered in the fat layer beneath the skin, typically in the abdominal area, upper arm, or thigh.
• 😀 The needle angle for IM injections is 90° (perpendicular to the muscle), while SC injections are typically 45° for thin patients and 90° for others.
• 😀 IM injections involve deeper needle penetration, reaching the muscle, while SC injections only reach the fat layer under the skin.
• 😀 Needle size for IM injections ranges from 22 to 25 gauge, while for SC injections, insulin uses 29 to 32 gauge needles, with lengths of 4 to 13 mm.
• 😀 Vaccines administered via IM injections include influenza, hepatitis, HPV, tetanus, and COVID-19 vaccines.
• 😀 SC vaccines include measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and some other drugs like insulin and anticoagulants.
• 😀 The depth of the IM injection depends on the muscle, whereas SC injections remain within the fat layer, avoiding muscle penetration.
• 😀 For IM injections, the doctor uses the 90° angle for a more straightforward needle entry into the muscle, while SC requires more careful consideration of the patient's body type.
• 😀 Before any injection, healthcare professionals must follow the '5 Rights' principle: correct patient, correct medicine, correct dose, correct time, and correct method of administration.
• 😀 Medika helps doctors prepare for specialized training, offering resources that are available anytime and anywhere, directly taught by experts.

Q & A

What is the main difference between intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) injections?

The primary difference is the location of the injection. Intramuscular injections are delivered into the muscle, while subcutaneous injections are administered into the fat layer beneath the skin.

What are the common sites for intramuscular injections?

The common sites for intramuscular injections are the deltoid muscle, ventral gluteal muscle, and the quadriceps in the front of the thigh.

How is the needle positioned for intramuscular injections?

For intramuscular injections, the needle is positioned at a 90° angle, perpendicular to the muscle.

What is the recommended needle position for subcutaneous injections, and how does it change for thin patients?

For subcutaneous injections, the needle is typically positioned at a 90° angle. However, for thin patients, the needle is inserted at a 45° angle to avoid entering the muscle.

What are the typical needle sizes used for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections?

For intramuscular injections, needle sizes range from 22 to 25 gauge, depending on the injection site. For subcutaneous injections, insulin uses needles of 29 to 32 gauge, with lengths of 4 to 13 mm, while other drugs use needles of 26 to 31 gauge, with lengths of 13-16 mm.

What depth does the needle reach in intramuscular vs. subcutaneous injections?

In intramuscular injections, the needle reaches the muscle layer, while in subcutaneous injections, the needle only reaches the fat layer beneath the epidermis.

Can you list some vaccines that are administered intramuscularly?

Vaccines administered intramuscularly include influenza, hepatitis, HPV, meningococcal, tetanus, and COVID-19 vaccines.

Which vaccines are typically given via subcutaneous injection?

Vaccines given via subcutaneous injection include measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines.

What other types of medication are typically injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously?

Intramuscular injections are used for drugs like Botox and haloperidol, while subcutaneous injections are used for insulin, anticoagulants like heparin, anti-allergic drugs, and local anesthetics.

What is the importance of the '5 rights' in medication administration?

The '5 rights' ensure correct patient identification, correct medication, correct dosage, correct timing, and correct method of administration, which is critical for patient safety.