Bagaimana Kebijakan Publik Dibuat?

Summary

In this discussion led by Tiar Asari, the importance of public participation in shaping policies is emphasized. The public policy cycle—comprising agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, implementation, and evaluation—is explored. The speaker explains how public input, criticism, and feedback are crucial at multiple stages of the cycle. Laws protect citizens' rights to voice their opinions, and constructive criticism is vital for effective policymaking. The session underscores the need for meaningful participation to ensure that policies are well-informed, adaptable, and beneficial to society.

Takeaways

• 😀 Public policy is a cycle, not a one-way street from the government to society; it involves continuous interaction between the two.
• 😀 The five main stages of the public policy cycle are: agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation, and policy evaluation.
• 😀 Public input and criticism are crucial at three key stages of the policy cycle: agenda setting, policy formulation, and evaluation.
• 😀 In agenda setting, the role of the community is important for identifying and reporting issues that need governmental attention.
• 😀 In policy formulation, it is necessary to create multiple policy options and conduct a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to evaluate the pros and cons of each.
• 😀 The Indonesian government is mandated by Law No. 12 of 2011 (amended in 2022) to conduct a regulatory impact assessment (RIA) for each policy option, which includes cost-benefit analysis.
• 😀 Public participation in the policy-making process is legally protected, as seen in Article 28E of the Indonesian Constitution, which guarantees freedom of opinion and association.
• 😀 Experts, specialists, and associations should be involved in the policy formulation process to ensure that all policy options are analyzed in-depth.
• 😀 Even in emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, public policy formulation should still include evidence-based analysis and expert input to ensure the best decisions are made.
• 😀 The right to meaningful participation in public policy creation includes the right to be heard, considered, and explained, according to the law.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the transcript?

The main topic discussed in the transcript is the structure of public policy, its cyclical nature, and the role of community input in shaping policies.

What does Thomas Dye’s definition of public policy imply?

Thomas Dye’s definition of public policy implies that public policy encompasses actions or inactions by the government, affecting society broadly. It emphasizes the government’s role, whether it takes action or not.

Why is public policy described as a cycle in the transcript?

Public policy is described as a cycle because it involves continuous steps, with actions and reactions between the government and the community. After evaluation, it often returns to agenda setting, creating a loop.

What are the five basic stages of the public policy cycle mentioned in the transcript?

The five basic stages of the public policy cycle mentioned are: agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation, and evaluation.

What role does the community play in the agenda-setting stage?

In the agenda-setting stage, the community plays a crucial role by identifying and reporting issues that need to be addressed. Public complaints and input help prioritize issues for government action.

What is the importance of policy formulation in the public policy cycle?

Policy formulation is crucial because it involves creating and analyzing different policy options. This step requires evaluating costs, benefits, and impacts to ensure the best policy is chosen. It also involves expert and community input.

How does Law Number 12 of 2011 relate to the policy formulation process?

Law Number 12 of 2011 (amended by Law Number 13 of 2022) mandates that a Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) be conducted for each policy option. The RIA evaluates the costs and benefits of each option, ensuring that decisions are evidence-based and transparent.

How does the government involve experts in the policy formulation process?

The government involves experts by consulting specialists, associations, and community representatives to provide analysis and advice on the costs and benefits of each policy option. This ensures that policies are well-informed and grounded in expertise.

What does policy legitimation involve in the public policy cycle?

Policy legitimation involves formalizing the selected policy option into law. This process ensures that policies are legally recognized and can be enforced effectively.

Why is public input important during the evaluation stage of public policy?

Public input is important during the evaluation stage because it helps assess whether a policy is effective, whether it should be continued, amended, or revoked. This feedback is essential for adjusting policies based on real-world impacts and community needs.