Apa itu Sistem Imun ?

Summary

This video explains the immune system, focusing on its two main components: the innate (natural) and adaptive (acquired) immune systems. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense, using physical, biochemical, humoral, and cellular mechanisms to respond to pathogens without memory of them. In contrast, the adaptive immune system has memory cells that target specific pathogens. It involves T lymphocytes (with T-helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory cells) and B cells that produce immunoglobulins. The video highlights the key functions and roles of these immune components in defending the body against infections.

Takeaways

• 😀 Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against foreign objects like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even food or drinks.
• 😀 The immune system consists of various components working together to protect the body from pathogens.
• 😀 The immune system is divided into two types: natural (innate) immunity and acquired (adaptive) immunity.
• 😀 Natural immunity is the body's first defense and works through physical, biochemical, humoral, and cellular defenses.
• 😀 Non-specific immunity does not have memory of pathogens and reacts similarly to every pathogen it encounters.
• 😀 Acquired immunity is more specific, targeting particular pathogens and developing memory for future exposures.
• 😀 The main cells involved in acquired immunity are lymphocytes, with T cells and B cells playing key roles.
• 😀 T-helper cells produce cytokines that regulate inflammation and immune responses, including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.
• 😀 Cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected cells, while regulatory T cells help regulate the immune response.
• 😀 B cells in the acquired immune system produce antibodies and have memory of past infections, improving future immune responses.
• 😀 The immune response becomes more efficient with repeated exposure to the same pathogen, increasing antibody production and effectiveness.

Q & A

What is the definition of immunity?

Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against foreign objects, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, toxins, and even food or drinks.

What are the two types of immune systems in the human body?

The human immune system is divided into two types: the natural immune system (also known as innate or non-specific immunity) and the acquired immune system (also known as adaptive or specific immunity).

What is the role of the natural immune system?

The natural immune system provides the body's first line of defense against pathogens and plays a role in acute inflammation. It is non-specific and does not target a particular microorganism.

What are the key components of the natural immune system?

The natural immune system has several components: physical and mechanical defenses (like skin and mucosal membranes), biochemical defenses (such as stomach acid and lysozyme), humoral defenses (like the complement system and interferons), and cellular defenses (such as neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells).

How does the natural immune system respond to pathogens?

When activated, the natural immune system causes inflammation at the site where immune components meet pathogens, leading to tissue damage. It does not have memory of specific pathogens, and its response is generally the same for all pathogens.

What is the difference between the natural and acquired immune systems?

The natural immune system is non-specific and does not have memory of past infections, while the acquired immune system is specific to certain pathogens and retains memory of past infections, leading to stronger responses in future exposures.

What are the main components of the acquired immune system?

The acquired immune system involves lymphocyte cells, which can be further divided into T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes play a role in cellular immunity, while B lymphocytes are involved in humoral immunity.

What are the functions of T-helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells?

T-helper cells stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells, and regulatory T cells suppress the immune response to prevent overactivity.

How do B cells contribute to the immune response?

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies (immunoglobulins) against specific pathogens. After exposure to a pathogen, B cells differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells, which produce antibodies. The more frequently B cells are exposed to a pathogen, the higher the antibody response.

What is immunological memory, and how does it work?

Immunological memory refers to the ability of the acquired immune system to remember specific pathogens it has encountered. This allows for a faster and stronger immune response during subsequent infections with the same pathogen.