Neorealisme Dalam Hubungan Internasional

Summary

The video discusses the theory of neorealism in international relations, which emerged as a response to the failure of classical realism to explain events like the Cold War. Neorealism argues that international systems push states to enhance their power, emphasizing an anarchic structure without a higher authority to regulate states. The theory includes defensive realism, focusing on national security, and offensive realism, which seeks to maximize power for regional hegemony. Key concepts such as the balance of power and the security dilemma are explored, illustrating how states' behavior is driven by survival and security concerns.

Takeaways

• 😀 Neorealism emerged as a response to the failure of classical realism in explaining events like the Cold War.
• 😀 Classical realism argues that states always seek power due to human nature, while neorealism claims the international system compels states to pursue power.
• 😀 Neorealism is grounded in the belief that the international system is anarchic, lacking a supranational authority to regulate states.
• 😀 The security dilemma, a key concept in neorealism, arises from states' inability to predict each other’s intentions, leading to perpetual fear and competition for survival.
• 😀 John J. Mearsheimer, a prominent neorealist, identified three main features of the international system that foster state fear: the absence of central authority, military offensive capabilities, and the inability to predict other states' intentions.
• 😀 Neorealism includes two branches: defensive realism and offensive realism. Defensive realism focuses on national security and maintaining the status quo, while offensive realism advocates for power accumulation to achieve regional hegemony.
• 😀 Neorealists believe that states' cooperation depends on their pursuit of power, with neorealism viewing power as a means to secure national interests, particularly survival and security.
• 😀 Unlike classical realism, which views power as an end goal, neorealism sees power as a tool for achieving security and survival.
• 😀 The concept of the balance of power in neorealism suggests that states will adjust their actions in response to other states’ power increases, leading to a dynamic equilibrium of power.
• 😀 Mearsheimer’s theory implies that international systems favor strong, aggressive states that can secure their national security and ensure their survival through power accumulation.

Q & A

What is the main idea behind neorealism in international relations theory?

Neorealism argues that the international system is anarchic and that states are driven to increase their power for survival. It contrasts with classical realism by focusing on the system's structure, rather than human nature, as the primary driver of state behavior.

How does neorealism differ from classical realism in explaining state behavior?

Classical realism attributes state behavior to human nature and the desire for power, while neorealism suggests that it is the structure of the international system, specifically its anarchy, that compels states to seek power for survival.

What is the security dilemma in neorealism?

The security dilemma refers to a situation where one state's actions to increase its security (e.g., building military power) lead other states to respond in kind, which can increase overall insecurity rather than reduce it.

Who is John Mearsheimer and what is his contribution to neorealism?

John Mearsheimer is a key figure in neorealism, known for his book 'The Tragedy of Great Power Politics'. He highlights three main characteristics of the international system: the absence of a central authority, states' offensive military capabilities, and the uncertainty of other states' intentions.

What are the three key features of the international system according to John Mearsheimer?

The three key features are: (1) the absence of a central authority above states, (2) states' offensive military capabilities, and (3) the inability to predict other states' intentions.

What is the difference between defensive realism and offensive realism?

Defensive realism focuses on states aiming to secure their national security, seeing them as security maximizers. Offensive realism, on the other hand, views states as seeking to accumulate power and pursue regional hegemony.

What is the balance of power in the context of neorealism?

The balance of power refers to the idea that states will seek to prevent any one state from becoming too powerful. As one state increases its power, others will follow suit, leading to a balance that maintains stability.

How does neorealism view cooperation between states?

Neorealism sees cooperation as a means for states to ensure their survival and security. States cooperate when it serves their interests, particularly when it comes to power and national security.

What role does the international system's anarchy play in neorealism?

Anarchy in the international system means there is no overarching authority to regulate state behavior, leading states to act in ways that ensure their own security and survival, often by increasing their power.

How does neorealism explain the potential for conflict between states?

Neorealism suggests that the anarchy of the international system drives states to compete for power, which often leads to mistrust and conflict, particularly when states are unsure of each other's intentions.