KWN 5
Summary
TLDRThe script discusses the integration and disintegration of Indonesia as a nation in relation to religion. It clarifies that while Indonesia is a country where every citizen should ideally follow a religion due to the principle of 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' from the Pancasila, it is not governed by a specific religion. The state respects and provides space for all religions to thrive, as evidenced by the existence of a Department of Religion that oversees religious activities and education. The script also touches on historical attempts to establish a state based on a single religion, which all failed, emphasizing the importance of understanding the nation's socio-political and socio-anthropological context in relation to religion.
Takeaways
- 📜 The script discusses the integration and disintegration of states, highlighting the importance of understanding the various factors that can lead to disintegration, such as ideological rebellions.
- 🏛 The Indonesian state is not a theocratic state, but it is based on the principle of 'Pancasila', which includes the belief in 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' (One Supreme God).
- 🙏 Every citizen in Indonesia is expected to have a religion, but the state does not enforce adherence to a specific religion.
- 🏢 The Indonesian government has a Department of Religion that regulates religious activities and provides support for religious education, including but not limited to Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity.
- 🏫 There are state schools for different religions, indicating the state's recognition and support for various religious beliefs.
- 🌐 The script emphasizes the sociological understanding of Pancasila in relation to religion and society, stating that while Indonesian society is religious, the state governance is not based on a single religious doctrine.
- 📜 Historically, there have been movements to establish a state based on a particular religion or ideology, such as communism or an Islamic state, but all have failed, reinforcing the importance of Pancasila.
- 🗳️ The script mentions the 1955 Constituent Assembly where two main forces, Islamic parties and others, debated the inclusion of Jakarta Charter which demanded the implementation of Islamic law, but it was rejected in favor of maintaining Pancasila.
- 🤝 The state provides space for all religions to develop and practice freely, with regulations set by the Department of Religion to respect and celebrate major religious holidays.
- 🏛️ The Indonesian state's recognition of various religions and beliefs, including indigenous beliefs, is seen as a unique characteristic of the nation, rooted in Pancasila.
- 🌟 The script concludes by emphasizing the importance of respecting and valuing religion as desired by the national foundation, and its connection to politics, sociology, and anthropology, acknowledging the diverse beliefs of different ethnic groups.
Q & A
What is the main topic discussed in the script?
-The main topic discussed in the script is the relationship between religion and the state in Indonesia, specifically whether Indonesia is a religious state and how it manages religious diversity.
What is Pancasila and how does it relate to the concept of a religious state in Indonesia?
-Pancasila is the philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state, with the first principle being 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' or the belief in one supreme God. It suggests that every citizen should have a religion, but the state is not governed by a specific religion.
How does the script differentiate between a religious society and a religious state?
-The script differentiates by stating that while Indonesian society is religious, meaning its people practice various faiths, the state itself is not governed by a single religious doctrine but rather provides space for all religions to develop.
What is the role of the Department of Religion in Indonesia?
-The Department of Religion in Indonesia is responsible for managing religious affairs, including the organization of religious activities and education based on various faiths, not just Islam, but also Catholicism, Christianity, and others.
How does the script address the historical attempts to establish a state based on a specific religion or ideology?
-The script mentions historical attempts such as the communist ideology and the movement for an Islamic State led by Kartosuwiryo, as well as the Aceh independence movement, all of which failed, emphasizing the importance of understanding the socio-political context.
What was the outcome of the constitutional debate in 1955 regarding the inclusion of Jakarta Charter in the preamble?
-The Jakarta Charter, which called for the implementation of Islamic law for its adherents, was rejected in favor of maintaining the Pancasila without those seven words, ensuring that the state does not favor any particular religion.
How does the script describe the role of religion in the daily lives of Indonesian citizens?
-The script describes that in Indonesia, there are regulations made by the Department of Religion that respect and allow for the celebration of major religious holidays from various faiths, such as Maulid Nabi, Christmas, and Nyepi in Bali.
What is the significance of the phrase 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' in the context of the script?
-The phrase 'Ketuhanan yang maha esa' signifies the belief in one supreme God and is the first principle of Pancasila. It is significant as it establishes the foundation for religious belief in the state without specifying a particular religion.
How does the script discuss the importance of understanding Pancasila from a sociological perspective?
-The script emphasizes that Pancasila should be understood sociologically to appreciate its role in shaping the religious and social fabric of Indonesian society, acknowledging the diversity of religious beliefs and practices.
What does the script imply about the relationship between religion and politics in Indonesia?
-The script implies that the relationship between religion and politics in Indonesia is complex and intertwined, with the state's recognition and support for various religious practices being a reflection of its political and socio-cultural values.
How does the script mention the recognition of local beliefs and practices?
-The script mentions the recognition of local beliefs and practices through the existence of a directorate for the belief in the supreme God within the Department of Religion, acknowledging diverse spiritual practices such as 'tolotang' in the speaker's village.
Outlines
🏛️ Religion and State in Indonesia
The first paragraph discusses the relationship between religion and the state in Indonesia. It emphasizes that while Indonesia is a country where its citizens are expected to believe in a higher power due to the first principle of the national philosophy, Pancasila, it is not a theocratic state. The speaker clarifies that although the state is founded on the belief in 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa' (the One and Only Supreme God), it does not dictate a specific religion to its citizens. Instead, it provides a space for all religions to flourish, as evidenced by the existence of a Department of Religion that oversees religious activities and education, including but not limited to Islam, Catholicism, and Christianity. The paragraph also touches on historical attempts to establish a state based on a single religion or ideology, such as communism or an Islamic state, all of which have failed, highlighting the importance of understanding the sociological context of Indonesia's religious diversity and the role of Pancasila in fostering this diversity.
📜 The Pancasila and Religious Freedom
The second paragraph delves into the historical and political aspects of religious freedom in Indonesia, as guaranteed by the Pancasila. It recounts a specific event where political parties with an Islamic agenda sought to include the enforcement of Sharia law for its followers in the preamble of the constitution, which was ultimately rejected. The paragraph highlights the agreement that the Indonesian state, based on Pancasila, allows all religions to develop freely within the framework of certain regulations set by the Department of Religion. It also mentions the recognition of various religious holidays and practices across different faiths, such as Maulid Nabi, Natal (Christmas), and Nyepi in Bali, as a sign of the state's respect and accommodation for religious diversity. The speaker concludes by connecting the respect for religion to the broader fields of politics, sociology, and anthropology, acknowledging the unique beliefs and rituals of different ethnic groups and the state's role in acknowledging these within the overarching framework of Pancasila.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Integration and Disintegration
💡Indonesia
💡Pancasila
💡Religion
💡Department of Religion
💡Sociology
💡Ideological Movements
💡Constitutional Assembly
💡Sharia Law
💡Cultural Diversity
💡Anthropology
Highlights
The discussion revolves around integration and disintegration, with a focus on the Indonesian state's relationship with religion.
Indonesia is not a state governed by a specific religion but is a state where citizens should ideally practice a religion based on the Pancasila.
The first principle of Pancasila, 'Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa', implies that Indonesian citizens should have a belief in a supreme being.
Indonesian citizens have the freedom to choose their religion, but the state does not organize itself around a specific religion.
Indonesia has a Ministry of Religion that manages religious affairs and activities, showing respect for all religions.
The Ministry of Religion oversees not only Islamic education but also Catholic and Christian schools, indicating the state's support for various religious education.
The transcript emphasizes that Pancasila should be understood sociologically in relation to religion and society in Indonesia.
Indonesia is a religious society, but the state does not base its governance on a single religious doctrine.
There have been historical attempts to establish a state based on a single religion or ideology, such as communism or an Islamic state, but all have failed.
The transcript discusses the 1955 Constituent Assembly and the debate over the inclusion of Jakarta Charter, which was ultimately rejected.
The rejection of the Jakarta Charter highlights the Pancasila's stance on not enforcing a single religious law on all citizens.
Indonesia is characterized by a diversity of religions, all of which are given space to develop and practice freely.
The state acknowledges and respects the major religious holidays of each faith, such as Maulid Nabi, Christmas, and Nyepi in Bali.
Indonesia's recognition of various beliefs extends to indigenous beliefs, with a directorate for the belief in the supreme being within the Ministry of Religion.
The discussion underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between religion and state in Indonesia within the context of politics, sociology, and anthropology.
Each ethnic group has its own beliefs and rituals, which are recognized and respected by the state.
The transcript concludes by emphasizing the importance of Pancasila as the foundation of Indonesia's respect for and inclusion of all religions.
Transcripts
[Musik]
Oke kita sudah berbicara tentang
integrasi dan disintegrasi
Ya tentu saja karena waktunya singkat ya
Saya harap kalian juga mencari
tapi saya sudah menunjukkan
bukti-buktinya tadi ada macam-macam yang
bisa melahirkan disintegrasi dan
sebagainya ada macam-macam pemberontakan
ideologis dan sebagainya Nah sekarang
Bagaimana negara kita dalam kaitan
dengan agama
ada pertanyaannya kan begini
Apakah negara Indonesia itu negara agama
ya bukan negara Indonesia itu
negara di mana setiap warga negaranya
seharusnya bahkan harus beragama karena
apa dasar negara kita adalah negara
Pancasila
nah sila pertama dari Pancasila itu
ketuhanan yang maha esa dengan sila
pertama itu maka dengan Ketuhanan Yang
Maha Esa maka seharusnya kita beragama
kalau ada orang yang berkata bahwa saya
bertuhan tapi tidak beragama nah
pertanyaannya kan sederhana bagaimana
dia menyembah Tuhan karena menyembah
Tuhan itu kan ada ritual-ritualnya jadi
dalam negara Republik Indonesia dengan
dasar negaranya Pancasila
maka negara kita adalah negara beragama
dalam arti kata setiap warga negara
seharusnya beragama
tapi negara kita tidak diatur oleh agama
tertentu
berdasarkan undang-undang dasar kita
semua warga negara punya hak untuk
memilih agamanya sendiri tapi pertanda
bahwa kita menghargai agama kita punya
departemen agama yang mengatur
macam-macam hal yang berkaitan dengan
kegiatan keagamaan bahkan juga
pendidikan yang berdasarkan agama ada
bukan hanya Islam tapi juga ada Katolik
ada Kristen ada dan mereka ada sekolah
negerinya juga
artinya negara yang
mengatur dan memberikan
segala biayanya dan sebagainya Nah itu
ya memang secara
sosiologis kita tidak bisa tidak Oleh
karena itu Pancasila itu sebenarnya
harus dipahami juga secara sosiologis
dalam kaitan agama atau masyarakat kita
ini adalah masyarakat yang beragama tapi
negaranya bukan negara agama tapi ada
departemen agama yang memberikan
pertanda bahwa negara kita memberi
tempat yang khas dan sangat menghargai
posisi agama sebagai anutan dari
masyarakat
bangsa Indonesia
ini yang harus dipahami gitu memang
pernah ada yang mau mendirikan negara
berdasarkan agamanya dulu ada gerakan
ideologi komunis walaupun Bukan agama
tapi dia mendirikan ideologi lalu
kemudian ada gerakan Negara Islam
Kartosuwiryo kemudian Aceh merdeka dan
sebagainya tapi semuanya gagal jadi ini
harus dipahami secara sosiologis
masyarakat kita adalah masyarakat yang
beragama tetapi pengaturan kehidupan
kita dalam bernegara tidak diatur oleh
satu ajaran agama
tetapi agama semua agama di Indonesia
diberikan tempat untuk mengembangkan
diri menganut kepercayaannya sendiri
agamanya sendiri dan kita punya depa
agama itu kekhasan Indonesia
landasannya Pancasila sila pertamanya
Ketuhanan yang maha dan ini
memang terjadi pergumulan itu di dalam
konstituante hasil pemilu 55 misalnya
terjadi dua kekuatan utama
partai-partai Islam menghendaki Negara
Islam dengan meminta agar supaya Piagam
Jakarta dimasukkan di dalam Pembukaan
yaitu dengan kewajiban menjalankan
syariat Islam bagi pemeluk-pemeluknya
tujuh kata itu dimasukkan nah ditolak
oleh Pancasila yang Sebagaimana telah
dirumuskan tanpa 7 kata itu tapi
Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa
nah terjadi dua blok
dan akhirnya tidak mencapai kesepakatan
tapi
akhirnya tetap disepakati bahwa negara
kita yang berdasarkan Pancasila ini
memberi ruang kepada
semua agama untuk mengembangkan diri
tentu saja ada aturan-aturan
ya dibuat oleh Departemen Agama
ya kita misalnya
menghargai setiap agama hari besarnya
dirayakan
ya Maulid Nabi dirayakan
Natal dirayakan
segala macam agama yang itu tetap boleh
menjalankan
Nyepi misalnya di di
Bali dan segala macam Artinya apa itu
tandanya kita negara yang memberikan
ruang kepada setiap warga negara untuk
menganut agamanya masing-masing Artinya
kita menghargai agama
dan itu memang dikehendaki
oleh dasar negara kita
dan ini memang juga kaitannya dengan
masalah politik kaitannya dengan
sosiologi kaitannya dengan antropologi
setiap suku bangsa itu pada dasarnya
punya kepercayaannya sendiri kok
ada kepercayaan
di Suku bangsa masing-masing
di kampung saya ada namanya tolotang
dengan
ritual keagamaannya sendiri tapi itu
diakui sebagai sebuah kepercayaan
di departemen agama ada
Direktorat kepercayaan terhadap tuhan
yang maha esa ya seperti itu
oke itu tentang
kaitan agama dan negara
[Musik]
[Musik]
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