PULSO e FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA | Sinais Vitais Ep.01

Summary

This video focuses on explaining vital signs, specifically heart rate (frequency) and pulse, providing a detailed breakdown of their differences and importance in patient care. The host walks viewers through the terminology, including bradycardia (low heart rate), normal heart rate, and tachycardia (high heart rate). The physiological mechanisms behind heart rate fluctuations, such as the role of adrenaline and acetylcholine, are discussed, along with common pulse check points like the carotid, radial, and femoral arteries. The video emphasizes the need for careful monitoring and interpretation of vital signs, especially in critical care situations.

Takeaways

• 😀 Vital signs include heart rate, pulse, respiration, and temperature, which are crucial in healthcare monitoring.
• 😀 The script emphasizes the difference between heart rate (frequency) and pulse, which are related but distinct physiological indicators.
• 😀 Normal adult heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute, and pulse rate is measured similarly across various arteries.
• 😀 A heart rate below 60 beats per minute is classified as bradycardia, indicating a slower-than-normal heart rate.
• 😀 A heart rate above 100 beats per minute is classified as tachycardia, indicating an elevated heart rate.
• 😀 Bradycardia and bradysphygmia both refer to low heart rates or pulses below 60 beats per minute.
• 😀 Normocardia refers to a normal heart rate between 60-100 beats per minute, while normosphygmia refers to a normal pulse rate.
• 😀 Tachycardia and tachysphygmia refer to elevated heart rates and pulse rates, respectively, over 100 beats per minute.
• 😀 The autonomic nervous system controls heart rate through the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, with adrenaline increasing heart rate and acetylcholine decreasing it.
• 😀 A rise in heart rate could indicate a response to physical activity, stress, or compensatory mechanisms in shock or other conditions.
• 😀 It's important to distinguish between checking heart rate and pulse at different anatomical sites (e.g., carotid, radial, femoral) and record the correct terminology in nursing notes.

Q & A

What are vital signs, and why are they important?

Vital signs include heart rate, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature. They are important because they provide essential information about a person's health and can indicate the presence of medical conditions or abnormalities.

What is the difference between heart rate and pulse?

Heart rate refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute, while pulse refers to the pressure wave generated by the heart's contraction, felt in various arteries, such as the radial or carotid arteries.

What is considered a normal adult heart rate?

The normal heart rate for an adult is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm).

What is bradycardia, and how is it defined?

Bradycardia is a condition where the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. It can be identified by checking the pulse at common points such as the radial artery.

What terms should be used when the pulse or heart rate is below 60 bpm?

When the heart rate is below 60 bpm, it is termed bradycardia. If referring to the pulse, the term bradisfigmia is used.

What is tachycardia, and when is it used?

Tachycardia refers to a heart rate above 100 bpm, often observed in cases of physical activity, stress, or underlying medical conditions. When talking about pulse, the term taquisfigmia is used.

How does the autonomic nervous system affect heart rate?

The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate through its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline, increasing heart rate, while the parasympathetic system releases acetylcholine to slow it down.

What is the role of adrenaline in heart rate regulation?

Adrenaline, released by the sympathetic nervous system, increases the heart rate. It is released during stress or physical activity to prepare the body for action.

What does the term 'compensatory mechanism' mean in relation to heart rate?

A compensatory mechanism occurs when the body increases heart rate to compensate for a decrease in blood pressure, such as during shock. This response helps maintain blood circulation to vital organs.

Why is it important to correctly identify the type of pulse being measured?

It is crucial to distinguish between heart rate and pulse in clinical practice to ensure accurate diagnosis and documentation. Incorrectly labeling pulse as heart rate or vice versa can lead to misinterpretation of a patient's condition.