PutraMOOC | PRT2008M Topic 6 Innovation and Challenges in Agriculture (Part 4/6)

Summary

このビデオスクリプトでは、正確な農業と水耕栽培、垂直農法の最新技術が紹介されています。GPSやセンサー、GIS、人工知能を活用して農作物の最適な管理を行い、環境に優しく効率的な農業を目指しています。水耕栽培は魚と植物の共存を通じて栄養素の循環を促し、垂直農法は都市部近くで閉鎖ループで食品を生産し、水と資源の節約、食品マイルの削減を図ります。これらの技術は持続可能な農業の未来を形作る上で重要な役割を果たしています。

Takeaways

• 📍 GPSは正確な位置情報を提供し、農業機械の自動操縦に役立ちます。
• 🚜 自動操縦システムにより、運転者なしで農業機械を操作することが可能で、土地準備などに利用されています。
• 🔍 センサー技術は、農作物の問題を非破壊的に検出するのに非常に役立ちます。
• 🌱 地理情報システム（GIS）は、農作物に影響する複数のパラメータを分析し、関係性を可視化する強力なツールです。
• 💧 変量投入技術は、作物や土壤の需要に応じて投入量を調整することができます。
• 🧠 ニューラルネットワーク、または人工知能は、非線形な作物応答を扱うための新しい方法です。
• 🛠️ 決定支援システムは、農場での戦略的な意思決定を支援するコンピュータプログラムのセットです。
• 🔄 正確な農業は、情報を収集、分析し、変更を実施するというサイクル的プロセスです。
• 🐟 アクアポニクスは、魚と植物の相互依存関係を活用した技術で、環境に優しい共生システムです。
• 🌱 垂直農業は、土地の有効利用を目的とした閉鎖ループの農業で、年間を通じて作物を栽培することができます。
• 💧 垂直農業は、水の使用量を大幅に削減し、環境に配慮した持続可能な農業方法です。

Q & A

どのような技術が正確な農業に重要な役割を果たしていますか？

正確な農業にはGPS、自動操縦ナビゲーション、センサー、地理情報システム（GIS）、変量投入技術、ニューラルネットワーク、決定支援システムなどが重要な役割を果たしています。

GPSが正確な農業にどのように役立つか説明してください。

GPSは農地内の正確な位置情報を提供し、作物の問題が発生した場所を正確に特定できるため、適切な対策を実施するのに役立ちます。

自動操縦ナビゲーションの利点は何ですか？

自動操縦ナビゲーションは、土地整備などを行う際に運転者を必要とせず、効率的かつ正確な作業を実現できます。

センサー技術が正確な農業で何のために使われるか教えてください。

センサー技術は、作物の問題を非破壊的に検出するため使用され、農地内の可変性を測定し、管理対策にリンクさせます。

地理情報システム（GIS）はどのように農業に役立つか説明してください。

GISは複数のパラメータに関する高度な分析を可能にし、作物に影響する20以上の異なる変数を組み合わせ、特殊な分析を行い、空間的モデルを作成します。

変量投入技術とは何であり、その利点は何ですか？

変量投入技術は、作物や土壌の必要に応じて投入物を調整する技術で、投入物の最適化によりリソースの無駄を減らし、作物の生産性を高めることができます。

ニューラルネットワークが正確な農業でどのように役立つか説明してください。

ニューラルネットワークは、複雑な非線形のデータセットを処理し、作物の成長や投入物への反応をより正確に予測するのに役立ちます。

決定支援システムとは何であり、その重要性は？

決定支援システムは、農地での良い意思決定を支援するシステムで、データモデルやロボット工学、コンピュータプログラムを活用して、特定の相互作用を理解するのに役立ちます。

正確な農業のサイクルプロセスにはどのようなステップが含まれていますか？

正確な農業のサイクルプロセスには、情報収集、情報処理・分析、変更の実施という3つの重要なステップが含まれています。

アクアポニックスとはどのような技術ですか？

アクアポニックスは、魚と植物の間で相互に依存する技術であり、魚が植物に栄養を提供し、植物が水を清潔にすることで、両者にとって理想的な環境を作り出します。

ベジタブルファーミングの主な利点は何ですか？

ベジタブルファーミングの利点には、年間を通じて作物を生産できること、天候による作物の失敗がないこと、農業排水がないこと、化学肥料やペシチの使用が少なく環境に優しいこと、食品の安全性と安全性の向上、食品マイルの低減などが挙げられます。

Outlines

00:00

😲 高精度農業の技術革新

第1段落では、高精度農業における最新技術の活用が紹介されています。GPSによる位置情報の取得、自動操縦ナビゲーションによる土地準備、およびセンサー技術による作物問題の特定などが説明されています。これらの技術は、農地内で特定の問題に対処するための戦略を立案する上で欠かせません。さらに、地理情報システム（GIS）の活用により、作物の生産に影響する複数の要因を分析し、空間的分布を可視化することができます。これにより、より正確な情報に基づいて作物の管理を行うことができます。

05:01

🤖 人工知能と決定支援システムの活用

第2段落では、人工知能や決定支援システムが農業分野でどのように役立つかが解説されています。人工知能は、大量の観察データをもとに非線形的な作物成長や肥料応答を分析することができます。決定支援システムは、農地での最適な対策を決定するのに役立ちます。また、データベース管理の重要性も強調されており、これは繰り返し行われる高精度農業プロセスを円滑に進めるための基盤となっています。

10:02

🐟 水産農業と垂直農法の進化

第3段落では、水産農業と垂直農法の技術が紹介されています。水産農業では、魚と植物の共存関係が強調されており、魚から生じる養分を植物が利用し、植物が浄化した水を魚に還元することで、双方向の利益が生まれます。垂直農法は、土地の限られた都市部で農作物を効果的に育てることができる技術で、閉鎖ループシステムとしてエネルギーや水のリサイクルが行われ、環境に配慮した持続可能な農業モデルを提供しています。

15:04

🌱 垂直農法の環境的利点と将来性

第4段落では、垂直農法の環境的利点と持続可能性が語られています。垂直農法は、農作物を全年無休で生産できるため、天候による作物の失敗を避けることができます。また、農業排水による土壌の損失を防ぎ、化学肥料やペシストの使用量を減らす環境配慮型の農法です。さらに、垂直農法では水の使用量が大幅に削減され、食品の安全と安心性も高まります。都市部に近い場所での生産により、食品マイルを減らし、カーボンフットプリントも小さくなります。

Keywords

💡精密農業

精密農業とは、農業における高精度な技術を活用した管理手法です。ビデオでは、GPSを用いた位置情報の取得から、センサーを通じた作物の状況の把握、そして地理情報システム（GIS）を用いた高度な分析など、様々な技術を組み合わせて作物の需要に応じた管理を行う方法が紹介されています。これは、農業における効率性と生産性の向上を図る重要なテーマです。

💡GPS（グローバルポジショニングシステム）

GPSは、地球を周回する衛星を利用して、高精度な位置情報を提供するシステムです。ビデオでは、GPSを用いた自動操縦ナビゲーションが紹介されており、農地での作業において正確な位置情報を得ることで、作物の問題点を正確に特定し、適切な対策を講じることができます。

💡センサー

センサーとは、作物の状態を測定するためのデバイスのことです。ビデオでは、遠隔センサーと近接センサーが存在し、これらを用いて農地内で作物の問題を非破壊的に検出することができます。センサーは、精密農業において作物の状態をリアルタイムで把握する上で欠かせない技術と言えます。

💡GIS（ジオグラフィック・インフォメーション・システム）

GISは、地理情報を扱うコンピュータープログラムの集まりです。ビデオでは、GISを用いて複数のパラメータを分析し、作物の生産に影響を与える要因を特定する手法が説明されています。GISは、農業におけるデータの可視化と分析において重要な役割を果たしており、空間的分布を理解する上で不可欠です。

💡変量投入

変量投入とは、作物や土壌の需要に応じて、投入量を調整する技術です。ビデオでは、特定の地点で肥料の投入量を調整し、必要に応じて変化させる方法が紹介されています。これは、農業資材の効率的な使用と環境への負荷の軽減につながる技術です。

💡ニューラルネットワーク

ニューラルネットワークは、人工知能の一形態であり、大量の観察データをもとに学習し、複雑な関係を理解する能力を持つアルゴリズムです。ビデオでは、ニューラルネットワークを用いて非線形的な作物成長や肥料への応答を分析する手法が説明されています。これは、精密農業における情報処理における進化を示す重要な概念です。

💡決定支援システム

決定支援システムとは、農業において適切な判断を支援するシステムのことです。ビデオでは、ドローンモデルやロボット干渉など、農業現場での様々な干渉戦略を支援するコンピュータープログラムが紹介されています。決定支援システムは、農業における情報処理と戦略の策定において重要な役割を果たしています。

💡アクアポニクス

アクアポニクスとは、魚と植物の間で相互に依存するシステムです。ビデオでは、魚から生じる養分を植物が利用し、植物が浄化した水を魚が利用するというシムバイオシスが説明されています。アクアポニクスは、魚と植物を一体化した持続可能な農業モデルを提供する技術です。

💡ベジタブルファーミング

ベジタブルファーミングとは、農地を垂直方向に利用して作物を栽培する技術です。ビデオでは、閉鎖ループで食料を生産し、水とエネルギーを再利用するというクリーン技術が紹介されています。ベジタブルファーミングは、土地の有効利用と環境保護に貢献する革新的なアプローチです。

💡データベース管理

データベース管理とは、情報を効率的に整理・保管するプロセスです。ビデオでは、精密農業においてデータベースを利用して情報を管理し、繰り返しのサイクルを円滑に進める方法が説明されています。データベース管理は、農業における情報の長期的な蓄積と分析において重要な役割を果たしています。

Highlights

Precision agriculture utilizes high-tech gadgets to measure and manage variability in farming.

GPS and autopilot navigation systems are fundamental in precision agriculture for accurate positioning and land management.

Autopilot navigation allows for driverless operation of farming machinery, enhancing efficiency in land preparation.

Sensors, both remote and proximal, are critical for non-destructive detection of crop issues in the field.

Geographic Information System (GIS) enables advanced analysis of multiple parameters affecting crop yield.

GIS helps in building 3D relationships between variables and mapping responses for better field understanding.

Variable rate application technology adjusts input application according to the specific needs of crops or soil.

Neural networks, a form of artificial intelligence, process information nonlinearly, accounting for environmental factors in crop responses.

Decision support systems aid in making informed decisions in the field, integrating various models and computer programs.

Precision agriculture is a cyclic process involving information gathering, processing, and implementing changes.

Database management is essential for facilitating the cyclic process of precision agriculture, adapting to new problems each season.

Aquaponics is a symbiotic system interdependent between fish and plants, providing nutrients and clean water for mutual growth.

Vertical farming represents a paradigm shift to closed-loop, efficient, and clean food production in urban environments.

Vertical farms recycle water and energy, reducing the need for pesticides, fertilizers, and water, promoting sustainability.

Vertical farming minimizes food miles and carbon footprint by situating production close to urban markets.

Control over food safety and security is enhanced in vertical farming due to the closed-loop system.

Post-harvest plant material in vertical farming can be repurposed as animal feed, adding value to the system.

Transcripts

now precision agriculture is high-tech

and of course we have fancy gadgets that

help us to measure variability and Link

this variability to management actions

one of the early technologies that has

been able to help positioning culture is

really grow Global Positioning System

GPS and GPS of course you have the

guidance and autopilot navigation which

is very useful because when you are

farming in a huge area you you must know

where you are you must be able to

pinpoint the exact spot where you have a

crop problem so that you can intervene

with the necessary strategies now

autopilot navigation is is very

fascinating because you are able to do

land preparation using a GPS navigation

and it has got an autopilot system

attached to it so you don't need a

driver you can actually find a tractor

or a fill machine moving around without

a driver

so although the steering will be moving

but you don't have a driver that it's

autopilot and the other piece of

technology that has been very critical

in position air culture is really

sensors there are a couple of sensors

available in the market some of it are

remote and some of it are proximal

sensors now remote sensors are usually

carried in platforms like satellites

aircraft there are quite a few that are

available as handheld but those are

termed as proximal sensors so sensors

are really very useful in detecting crop

problems in the field simply because it

is non-destructive you you are not

really required to destructively take a

sample out of a plan and so you can do

this non destructively and rep

okay so this is the way forward now so

then we have geographic information

system which is a powerful suit of

computer programs that allow you to

carry out advanced analysis with regards

to multiple parameters that actually

affect your crop in the field so so

what's really happening here is you have

say 20 different variables that are

really affecting your production your

yield production in fact you is really

complicated because the many factors

that affect you so for us to pin down

which is the most important factor that

really affects you in that particular

situation is a challenge more often than

not now a GIS allows you to combine all

of these variables and allows you to

conduct very specialized analysis to see

the relationship of one variable to

another or relationship one variable to

a couple of other variables and you can

build relationships in a three

dimensional manner and you can actually

map out these responses so that it

provides you with better information to

understand what's really going on in the

field so so this is a very fascinating

piece of technology simply because it

allows you to do a huge number of

different investigations using a large

amount of data set and and that allows

you to to come up with some very neat

spatial modeling stuff okay then of

course we have variable rate application

which is a technology that allows you to

apply your inputs according to the needs

of the crop or the soil okay so you may

apply

certain amount of fertilizer at one

particular point in the field and you

need to vary that fertilizer rate at

maybe 100 meters down the road and and

so you can adjust your applicator in

such a way that it only brings down that

particular amount of fertilizer so this

this kind of strategy is useful

especially when you have to match your

inputs to the needs of the crop and and

then we have neural networks neural

networks is also known as artificial

intelligence and this is a whole new

branch of how we process information in

the field simply because the neural

networks what really is required here is

you have to get large number of

observations and you are actually

building the data in such a way where

you put a brain into the data you know

that's why they call it artificial

intelligence you are giving perceived

intelligence into the data sets and it

allows you to look at information in a

nonlinear perspective so a lot of times

we are caught in this situation where

crop growth or crop response to inputs

are not really linear because we have

the interference of whether we have the

interference of environmental factors so

a lot of times the response of let's say

crop to fertilizer is definitely not

linear you know it might be linear to a

certain point and then it may not no

longer be linear so that's why

technologies like neural networks is a

good option to to look at simply because

it allows you to handle nonlinear

information then we have decision

support system which is actually a

system that helps us to make good

decisions in the field we have

drop models we have robotic

interventions you know and we also have

a whole new suit of computer programs

that can actually provide us with some

aid as to understand a particular

interaction in the field so sometimes we

cannot process all of this information

and we rely on the computer to help

navigate our intervention strategies so

decision support system is gaining a lot

of credence today there are many

different variants of this decision

support system that are available in

crops that range from annual crops up to

perennial crops so different systems are

being customized according to your crop

needs and then of course it's also good

for us to understand the precision

agriculture process now precision

agriculture is really a cyclic process

you can see here that there are three

very important steps with position area

culture the first step is really to

gather information and what we mean by

gathering information is you have to get

as much data as possible from the field

and how do you get this data these are

all the tools that can be used to to

achieve this goal of getting information

so we have the GPS which provides you

with location information and then of

course you have yield monitors that

provide you with yield data

instantaneously and you have sensors you

have a specialized technique of sampling

where you are trying to capture the

spatial information the variability

profiles and once you have obtained this

information the next step is to process

and analyze the information and these

are the superior tools as I mentioned

earlier where you can actually use to

process your info

Jos 36g is and also noodle networks now

once you have processed the information

the next stage is ready to implement the

change and this is a very challenging

procedure because you are using for

example variable rate applicators you're

also relying on decision support system

but this is where the crux of the matter

lies if you are unable to implement

change then your effort of gathering

information and processing that

information is of no use you know so

this sort of completes the initial step

of precision air culture but mind you it

doesn't stop here the process continues

because once you have implemented change

you still go back to the initial stage

of getting information because you will

have new problems that are coming up

that are surfacing because we have seen

earlier that crop use can vary from one

point to another in the field and it can

also vary from one season to another so

you are bound to to encounter new

problems in the following season so in

order to make that whole system of

position and culture applicable to that

particular crop you must have a stable

period established in terms of gathering

information processing them and

implementing change because you will be

dealing with a new set of problems in

the following season so you repeat this

process and that's why we call it a

cyclic process you repeat this process

as often as possible and and depending

on the type of crop for annual crops

normally the cycle is shorter as

compared to a perennial problem ok for

example in the case of rice you might

repeat this over three or four seasons

in the case of oil palm you might have

to repeat this over six or seven years

in order to understand what

really is going on okay and and so in in

order to to facilitate this process of

repeating their cycle we rely on

database management okay okay

from precision agriculture let's move on

to aquaponics now aquaponics is another

fascinating technology that is available

today it is really the interdependence

between fish and plants as you know fish

is a very important source of protein

and the symbiosis between fish and

plants is well captured in equipex

so what really happens here is I say

it's a symbiosis because the fish

produces bio nutrients for the plants

and the plants clean the water and this

creates a perfect environment for the

fish to grow and develop so you can see

the schematic here that clearly shows

you the clear demarcation between the

plants and the fish you can see for

example this is the real system here

which is available out there market

there are many variants of the system

but it's fascinating simply because

finally we have a system that allows you

to grow crops for your fiber needs for

your nutria needs and to also have fish

for your protein needs so it's an

excellent combination of systems here

that allow you to understand ofit's of

both fish and plants okay and we then

move on to vertical farming this is

where I think the paradigm has shifted

now you know we have been talking about

farms that are huge in terms of acreage

you know horizontally

but today because land has become a

serious issue availability of arable

land is an issue so the farms are

growing vertically so vertical farming

is really a closed loop where food is

produced in the sealed vertical farm now

these are some of the pictures that

actually show you how what ickle farms

look like of course there are many

designs of vertical farms but what

really happens in a vertical farm is

apart from the food being produced in a

closed loop you have also water that is

purified through the condensing

transpired water so you have grey water

that gets purified and and also energy

is produced by burning the waste in

plasma arc incinerators so this is

really a whole recycling procedure that

is taking place so it's the good thing

about vertical farming is it's also a

clean technology it's clean because it

is done in a closed loop there is no

contamination or pollution to the

environment and it is all based on a

recycle mechanism that takes place

because your and your waste from

agriculture is converted into energy and

so it allows you to recycle your

resources in a very efficient way so

what really are the benefits of vertical

farming the first thing that comes to

mind is really the fact that we can

produce our crops all year round you do

not have weather-related crop failures

and that being said you do not also have

agricultural runoff which means your

soil is not being lost and your souls

are not being turned into sediments that

are going to harm the environment then

you also have less use of pesticides and

fertilizers in fact in some vertical

farms they do not use chemicals at all

so this is very friendly to the

environment

and also in terms of food safety because

it's done in a closed-loop and so

there's a very active recycling process

that is taking place in the closed-loop

so you also have reports that show that

vertical farms use less water in fact

they use up to 70% less water than most

ground systems you know in fact in some

cases it's been reported that they even

say for tests much as 95% so that's a

huge advancement because knowing full

well that water is becoming a very

scarce resource and vertical farming

also helps to reduce food miles now we

call this food miles because when

vertical farms turn out they are produce

they are actually established in areas

that are close to the cities you see so

this will reduce your transportation of

these crops to your markets which are

mostly based in the cities so this

greatly reduces food miles in other

words it also reduces your carbon

footprints and as a result of all this

you have really more control of food

safety and food security you know and of

course the other advantage of vertical

farming is you are able to create animal

feed from post-harvest plant material so

that's a value-added nurse of the whole

system you can actually create a

by-product from it and you can market it

out of your system