Kerajaan Hindu Budha di Indonesia kelas 10 | soal uji pemahaman

Summary

The script discusses historical topics related to ancient Indonesian kingdoms, focusing on figures such as Raja Airlangga, Raden Wijaya, and Kertanegara. It covers significant events like the expansion of Majapahit, the division of kingdoms like Jenggala and Panjalu, and the political strategies of rulers. Notable topics include the social and cultural structure in kingdoms like Kutai, Sunda, Bali, and Mataram Kuno. The script also delves into important historical artifacts like prasasti and the influence of foreign relations, providing an engaging account of ancient Indonesian history and politics.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of the Salakanagara Kingdom is rarely discussed due to the lack of written and archaeological sources, but it is believed to have existed since the 1st century AD, as mentioned in the Wangsa Kerta manuscript.
• 😀 The Kutai Kingdom's existence is confirmed by the discovery of seven Yupa inscriptions, one of which tells the story of King Mulawarman's donation of 20,000 cows to the Brahmins.
• 😀 Mpu Sendok moved the center of his kingdom from Central Java to East Java primarily to avoid natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions.
• 😀 The Ciaruteun inscription, which features the footprint of King Purnawarman, suggests that he was considered a deity, specifically Vishnu.
• 😀 King Airlangga split his kingdom into two parts, Jenggala and Panjalu, to prevent a civil war between his sons and to ensure the kingdom's stability after his reign.
• 😀 In the Kediri Kingdom, King Kertajaya had conflicts with the Brahmins when he demanded that they worship him as a deity.
• 😀 King Kertanegara of Singosari aimed to expand his kingdom's territory through conquests and alliances, including sending an Amoghapasa statue as a gesture of friendship to the Srivijaya Kingdom in Sumatra.
• 😀 The symbol shown in the lecture is the emblem of the Majapahit Kingdom, which was a significant symbol of its rule.
• 😀 Raden Wijaya, the son-in-law of Kertanegara, managed to establish the Majapahit Kingdom after the fall of Singosari, using a combination of alliances and clever tactics to defeat Jayakatwang.
• 😀 King Hayam Wuruk, along with his prime minister Gajah Mada, shared a vision of uniting the entire Nusantara under the Majapahit flag, which was central to their success and the kingdom's greatness.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Salakanagara Kingdom in the context of early Southeast Asian history?

The Salakanagara Kingdom, located in the Teluk Lada region of Banten, Indonesia, is significant because it is believed to have been established in the 1st century CE, likely due to trade relations with India. It is referenced in the Wangsa Kerta manuscript, which mentions the visits of Dewa Warman, a representative of the Pallava Dynasty of India, to the kingdom.

Why is the Kingdom of Kutai considered important in the study of ancient Southeast Asia?

The Kingdom of Kutai is significant due to the discovery of seven Yupa inscriptions, which are crucial archaeological evidence for understanding the kingdom's existence. One inscription details a donation of 20,000 cows by King Mulawarman to Brahmins, showing the high regard for Brahmins in the society.

What motivated Mpu Sendok to move the center of his kingdom from Central Java to East Java?

Mpu Sendok moved the center of his kingdom to East Java primarily to avoid natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, which were a common threat in Central Java.

What is the meaning behind the foot imprint on the Ciaruteun inscription?

The foot imprint in the Ciaruteun inscription is believed to symbolize King Purnawarman of the Sunda Kingdom as a divine figure, specifically likened to the god Vishnu, according to scholars interpreting the inscription.

Why did King Airlangga divide his kingdom into two parts, Jenggala and Panjalu?

King Airlangga divided his kingdom into two parts, Jenggala and Panjalu, to prevent potential civil war between his sons, ensuring stability and avoiding conflict over the throne after his death.

What caused the conflict between King Kertajaya of Kediri and the Brahmin community?

The conflict arose when King Kertajaya demanded that the Brahmins worship him as a deity, which led to resistance and eventually a rift between the king and the religious community.

How did Kertanegara's expansionist ambitions impact the Majapahit Kingdom?

Kertanegara's expansionist policies helped pave the way for the Majapahit Kingdom's rise. His efforts to extend Majapahit's influence, both through conquest and diplomacy, were realized with the subsequent success of the kingdom under his successor, Raden Wijaya.

What role did Raden Wijaya play in the foundation of the Majapahit Kingdom?

Raden Wijaya, after Kertanegara's death, took advantage of the Mongol invasion threat and manipulated the situation to gain power. He allied with the Mongols to defeat Jayakatwang, and after Jayakatwang’s defeat, Raden Wijaya established the Majapahit Kingdom.

What made King Hayam Wuruk’s reign significant in Majapahit’s history?

King Hayam Wuruk’s reign is significant because of his collaboration with Gajah Mada, who aimed to unite the archipelago under Majapahit rule. Hayam Wuruk’s leadership, alongside Gajah Mada’s ambition, helped Majapahit reach its peak and achieve its goal of a unified Nusantara.

How did Raden Wijaya deceive the Mongol forces to his advantage?

Raden Wijaya exploited the Mongols’ lack of knowledge about the fall of Singosari. He tricked them into believing that Singosari was still under Kertanegara’s rule and thus used the Mongols to help defeat Jayakatwang, consolidating power in the region for the founding of Majapahit.