KULIAH ILMU HADIS: MENGENAL HADIS MUTAWATIR, AHAD, MASYHUR, 'AZIZ, GHARIB

Summary

This video discusses the categorization of Hadiths based on the number of narrators in their transmission. It covers two main categories: Mutawatir and Ahad. Mutawatir is further divided into Lafzi (exact wording), Ma'nawi (same meaning), and Amali (practical application). Ahad is split into Masyhur (widely known), Aziz (fewer narrators), and Garib (rare). The video explains how each category impacts the authenticity of Hadith, with Mutawatir being considered as reliable as the Quran, while Ahad varies depending on the number of narrators and their credibility. Detailed examples are given for each type, enhancing the understanding of Hadith classification.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hadith is categorized based on the quantity of narrators, with two main types: mutawatir (numerous narrators) and ahad (fewer narrators).
• 😀 Mutawatir hadith is divided into three types: lafzi (verbal transmission), maknawi (meaning-based), and amali (practical actions).
• 😀 Mutawatir lafzi refers to hadith where the exact words are transmitted unchanged across generations, with no fewer than 10 narrators in each generation.
• 😀 Mutawatir maknawi involves hadith where the meaning remains consistent, but the wording may vary across narrations, again with at least 10 narrators in each generation.
• 😀 Mutawatir amali refers to practices (actions) passed down from generation to generation, such as the number of rak'ahs in prayers or the act of performing hajj.
• 😀 Hadith mutawatir holds the same status as the Quran in Islamic law, meaning it is considered undeniably authentic and must be accepted as part of Islamic doctrine.
• 😀 Ahad hadith, unlike mutawatir, has fewer narrators, typically fewer than 10, and is further divided into three categories: masyhur, aziz, and garib.
• 😀 Masyhur hadith is one where three or more narrators exist at each level of the chain, but it does not meet the criteria for mutawatir.
• 😀 Aziz hadith refers to hadith narrated by at least two people in every level of the chain, and its authenticity depends on the reliability of its narrators.
• 😀 Garib hadith is one where a narration is reported by only one person at a certain level of the chain, and it is further classified into mutlak (absolute) or nisbi (relative) garib, with different subcategories based on the narration's context.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the script?

The script primarily focuses on discussing different categories of Hadith based on the number of narrators, including Hadith Mutawatir, Hadith Ahad, and its subcategories such as Masyhur, Aziz, and Garib.

What is Hadith Mutawatir?

Hadith Mutawatir refers to a Hadith that is narrated by a large number of narrators at every level of the chain of transmission, making it impossible for all narrators to have agreed upon a lie. It is considered to be completely reliable and equivalent to the Quran in terms of its authenticity.

How is Hadith Mutawatir divided?

Hadith Mutawatir is divided into three types: Mutawatir Lafzi (where the exact wording is preserved), Mutawatir Ma'nawi (where the meaning is consistent, but the wording may vary), and Mutawatir Amali (where the practices are passed down and accepted as part of Islamic law).

What is the significance of Hadith Mutawatir in Islamic law?

Hadith Mutawatir holds a significant status in Islamic law because it is considered absolutely authentic. It is treated as a primary source of law, just like the Quran, and denying it can be seen as rejecting the legitimacy of the Prophet's teachings.

What is Hadith Ahad?

Hadith Ahad refers to a Hadith that is narrated by fewer than 10 narrators at each level of the chain of transmission. It is considered less than Mutawatir in terms of the number of narrators, but it can still be authentic depending on the reliability of the narrators.

What are the subcategories of Hadith Ahad?

Hadith Ahad is divided into three subcategories: Masyhur (well-known), Aziz (scarce but with at least two narrators at each level), and Garib (rare, with only one narrator at a particular level).

What is the difference between Masyhur Istilahi and Masyhur Ghair Istilahi?

Masyhur Istilahi refers to a Hadith that fits the technical definition of being narrated by at least three narrators at each level but does not reach the level of Mutawatir. Masyhur Ghair Istilahi refers to a Hadith that is well-known or famous, even though it may not strictly meet the technical criteria of being Masyhur in the classical sense.

What does the term Garib mean in the context of Hadith?

Garib refers to a Hadith that is narrated by a single person at one of the levels in the chain of transmission. It can be divided into two types: Garib Mutlak (absolute) and Garib Nisbi (relative).

What is the significance of a Hadith being classified as Garib Nisbi?

A Hadith classified as Garib Nisbi is one where the rarity is relative, depending on specific conditions such as the reliability of the narrators, the region from which they come, or the specific time period in which it was transmitted.

How do the classifications of Hadith affect their reliability?

The classification of a Hadith affects its reliability because it determines the number of narrators involved, and thus the likelihood that the Hadith has been accurately preserved. Mutawatir Hadiths are considered highly reliable, while Hadiths in the Ahad category may be authentic but require further verification based on the strength of the narrators.