Core Concepts / Sensory Perception / Vision & Hearing / FREE Study Guide! / Med-Surg Nursing

Summary

This video delves into sensory perception, explaining how our senses—vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch—interpret sensory input and lead to meaningful responses. The discussion highlights common causes of sensory impairments, such as aging, medications, and chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension. The focus is on vision and hearing loss, with an emphasis on risk factors, diagnostic tests, and prevention strategies. The video also covers health promotion, including primary and secondary prevention, as well as interventions such as corrective lenses, hearing aids, and assistive technologies. A study guide on vision and hearing assessments is also offered.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sensory perception refers to the ability to perceive and interpret sensory input from the five senses (vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch).
• 😀 The concept of mobility is closely related to sensory perception, as both impact daily functioning and health.
• 😀 Dry mouth, often caused by medications like antidepressants, antihistamines, and chemotherapy agents, is a common cause of altered taste and smell.
• 😀 Peripheral sensation loss (touch) is commonly caused by neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury.
• 😀 Vision and hearing loss are the most common sensory deficits, with aging being a significant contributing factor to both.
• 😀 Risk factors for vision loss include aging, diabetes, hypertension, glaucoma, cataracts, and macular degeneration.
• 😀 Hearing loss can be caused by aging, noise exposure, genetic factors, and ototoxic medications, including salicylates, diuretics, and anti-epileptics.
• 😀 The most significant consequence of sensory perception loss is the increased risk of injury, particularly falls, due to impaired vision or hearing.
• 😀 Regular health assessments, such as the Snellen chart for vision and the whisper test for hearing, are important for detecting sensory deficits early.
• 😀 Primary prevention strategies for sensory deficits include minimizing exposure to risk factors (e.g., loud noises) and promoting healthy lifestyle choices to prevent conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

Q & A

What is sensory perception?

Sensory perception is the ability to perceive and interpret sensory input from one of the five senses—vision, hearing, smell, taste, or touch—and translate it into meaningful responses.

What is the interrelated concept to sensory perception discussed in the video?

The interrelated concept to sensory perception discussed in the video is mobility, as impairments in sensory perception can affect an individual's ability to move and perform daily activities.

What are some common causes of alterations in taste and smell?

Common causes of alterations in taste and smell include dry mouth, which is often a side effect of medications such as antidepressants, antihistamines, chemotherapy agents, and anti-epileptic medications.

How can dry mouth, which affects taste and smell, be managed?

Dry mouth can be managed by discontinuing the medication causing the issue (if possible) or using other strategies such as increasing moisture with water, hard candies, or cleansing the mouth with a wet washcloth.

What is peripheral sensation loss, and what commonly causes it?

Peripheral sensation loss refers to the loss of touch sensation and is commonly caused by neurological conditions like stroke, traumatic brain injury, or spinal cord injury. Unfortunately, these sensory deficits are typically permanent.

What are some common risk factors for vision loss?

Risk factors for vision loss include aging (leading to presbyopia), conditions like glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, direct trauma to the eyes, genetic factors, and medications such as antihistamines and anti-hypertensives.

How does aging affect hearing, and what are other risk factors for hearing loss?

Aging can lead to presbycusis, a type of sensorineural hearing loss. Other risk factors include prolonged exposure to loud noises, cranial nerve damage (specifically to cranial nerve eight), genetic risk, and the use of ototoxic medications such as salicylates, diuretics, and certain antibiotics.

What are the main physiologic consequences of vision and hearing loss?

The main physiologic consequences of vision and hearing loss are increased risk of injury, particularly falls. It can also result in difficulty performing daily activities, such as ambulation and communication.

What types of assessments are used for vision and hearing loss?

For vision loss, the Snellen chart and Rosenbaum chart are commonly used for acuity screening. For hearing loss, the whisper test, Weber test, and Rinne test are used to assess hearing and distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

What are primary and secondary prevention strategies for sensory perception deficits?

Primary prevention involves minimizing the risk factors for sensory perception deficits, such as avoiding loud noises and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection through screenings and regular eye exams to catch issues early and prevent further damage.