Sejarah Pemberantasan Korupsi di Indonesia

Summary

Indonesia's long history of combating corruption traces back to 1957, starting with military regulations to investigate politicians' suspicious wealth. Over the years, various laws and institutions were formed, including the establishment of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in 2002. Despite challenges and overlapping agencies, significant progress was made in the fight against corruption, especially during the Reformasi era. The KPK, along with specialized courts, remains a cornerstone in the ongoing battle against corruption in Indonesia, reflecting the country's continued commitment to a clean and accountable government.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia's anti-corruption efforts began in 1957 with the issuance of the military regulation No. 6 of 1957 to investigate suspicious assets of politicians.
• 😀 The regulation granted military authorities the power to seize assets of suspected corrupt individuals, but only for corruption cases.
• 😀 In 1959, President Sukarno established a body to oversee state apparatus activities and research corruption issues.
• 😀 In 1960, a second body, the National Apparatus Retooling Committee (Paran), was formed to focus on anti-corruption enforcement.
• 😀 During the New Order regime, corruption became widespread, prompting the passage of Law No. 3 of 1971 on corruption eradication, although it had several flaws.
• 😀 The 1971 law was ineffective in eradicating corruption, particularly due to its failure to cover past crimes and the exemption of the military from civilian jurisdiction.
• 😀 The Reform Era introduced Law No. 28 of 1999, emphasizing a clean government free from corruption, collusion, and nepotism.
• 😀 Anti-corruption institutions such as the State Officials Wealth Audit Commission (KPKPN) were formed as part of efforts to fight corruption.
• 😀 In 2001, President Gus Dur established the Joint Team for Corruption Eradication (TGPTPK), which was later disbanded after legal challenges.
• 😀 The formation of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in 2002, through Law No. 30, marked a significant step in the fight against corruption, continuing under subsequent administrations.

Q & A

What year did Indonesia begin its efforts to combat corruption?

Indonesia's efforts to combat corruption began in 1957 with the issuance of the Military Authority Regulation No. 6 of 1957.

What was the focus of the 1957 regulation on corruption?

The 1957 regulation focused on investigating politicians who accumulated suspicious assets and examined their personal accounts. Additionally, it allowed the military to seize assets from corruption suspects.

How did the Indonesian government address corruption in 1959?

In 1959, President Sukarno established the Monitoring Body for Government Activities to oversee state apparatus activities and conduct investigations into corruption.

What was the role of the 1960 Panitia Retooling Apparatus Negara (Paran) in fighting corruption?

The 1960 Paran, led by AH Nasution, was focused on tackling corruption. It worked in tandem with the Monitoring Body but was specifically dedicated to addressing corruption cases.

What was the impact of the New Order era on corruption in Indonesia?

During the New Order era, corruption became widespread across all sectors of life and governance, prompting the government to pass Law No. 3 of 1971 on combating corruption.

Why was Law No. 3 of 1971 on corruption criticized?

Law No. 3 of 1971 was criticized because it didn't have retroactive effect and did not place the military under civil jurisdiction, which made it ineffective in curbing corruption.

What was the role of the anti-corruption movement in Indonesia's reform era?

The anti-corruption movement in Indonesia, born out of the national movement to save the country from corruption, collusion, and nepotism, aimed to demonstrate the seriousness of the fight against corruption during the reform era.

What laws and institutions were created during the reform era to combat corruption?

During the reform era, Law No. 28 of 1999 was enacted to promote clean governance, and several anti-corruption bodies were established, including the Commission for the Supervision of State Officials' Assets (KPKPN) in 2001.

What was the significance of the formation of the KPK in 2002?

The formation of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in 2002 marked a key step in the fight against corruption in Indonesia, as it became a dedicated agency tasked with tackling corruption.

How did the administration of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono contribute to anti-corruption efforts?

Under President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, the government maintained the KPK and formed the Corruption Eradication Task Force (Tastipikor) to further strengthen anti-corruption efforts. However, the Tastipikor was dissolved in 2007.