TEORI MOTIVASI "McClelland" Dalam IKS

Summary

This lecture explores David McClelland's theory of motivation, focusing on the three key motivations: achievement, affiliation, and power. The speaker explains how these motivations influence individual behavior, particularly in the context of social welfare and community empowerment. Using examples from developed and developing countries, the speaker highlights how cultural factors in nations like Indonesia often lead to low motivation, including a lack of ambition, procrastination, and inconsistent values. The speaker urges students to adopt proactive behaviors and work towards change in order to foster personal and societal progress, aligning with McClelland's motivational theory.

Takeaways

• 😀 David McClelland's theory of motivation explains three types of motivation: achievement, connection, and power.
• 😀 Motivation for achievement (Need for Achievement) refers to the drive to excel in various fields like academics, economics, and social impact.
• 😀 Motivation for connection (Need for Affiliation) focuses on the importance of building connections, both socially and professionally.
• 😀 Motivation for power (Need for Power) is the desire for control or influence, which often manifests in politics and leadership positions.
• 😀 McClelland's theory suggests that in developing countries, these motivations tend to be lower, which may contribute to societal challenges.
• 😀 In advanced countries like Japan, there is a strong cultural push for achievement, leading to intense pressure and a drive for success.
• 😀 Developing nations, including Indonesia and India, tend to have lower levels of motivation for achievement and power due to societal values and habits.
• 😀 McClelland mentions a cultural tendency toward 'mukanya dua' (two-faced behavior) or hypocrisy, which impacts motivation in these societies.
• 😀 The theory also highlights a tendency in developing countries toward opportunistic behavior, such as corruption, particularly when individuals gain power.
• 😀 People in developing countries often exhibit a 'last-minute society' mentality, where tasks are completed at the last possible moment, reflecting a lack of long-term planning and diligence.
• 😀 McClelland's theory advocates for changing cultural behaviors to enhance motivation, suggesting that individuals must actively pursue achievements and improvements to drive societal progress.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the script?

The main topic discussed is the theory of motivation, particularly focusing on David McClelland's three key motivations: need for achievement, need for affiliation, and need for power, as applied to social welfare and community empowerment.

Who developed the theory of motivation discussed in the script?

The theory of motivation discussed in the script was developed by David McClelland, an American psychologist.

What are the three types of motivations described by McClelland?

McClelland's theory identifies three types of motivations: 1) Need for Achievement, which is the desire to achieve success and demonstrate competence. 2) Need for Affiliation, which is the desire to form connections and relationships. 3) Need for Power, which is the desire to have influence and control over others.

How does the need for achievement manifest in different fields?

The need for achievement can manifest in various fields such as academics, where individuals strive to be knowledgeable and qualified; economics, where individuals work to gain wealth; and social fields, where individuals aim for recognition or influence.

What does McClelland say about the motivation levels in developing countries?

McClelland's research suggests that motivation in developing countries, like Indonesia and India, is often lower across the three types: achievement, affiliation, and power. This lack of motivation can be attributed to societal factors such as low ambition, corruption, and a lack of societal drive to succeed.

What comparison does McClelland make between developing and developed countries?

McClelland compares developing countries to developed ones, noting that individuals in developed countries, like Japan, have a higher motivation for achievement and success, whereas in developing countries, the motivation tends to be lower due to cultural and societal habits.

What cultural factors contribute to low motivation in developing countries according to McClelland?

McClelland points to factors such as hypocrisy, corruption, and societal complacency in developing countries. He also mentions the tendency to procrastinate and not take responsibility, which hinders motivation for success.

How does McClelland view the behavior of individuals in power in developing countries?

McClelland notes that individuals in power in developing countries often abuse their positions, engaging in corruption as they take advantage of their status, rather than using their power to foster positive change.

What role does the concept of 'last-minute society' play in motivation?

The 'last-minute society' refers to the tendency to procrastinate until deadlines approach. This behavior, prevalent in many developing countries, reduces motivation and productivity as people only work hard when absolutely necessary, rather than steadily working towards goals.

What advice does McClelland give to students in relation to motivation and social welfare?

McClelland encourages students, especially those studying social welfare, to start planning and working towards their goals early in their academic careers. He emphasizes the importance of not procrastinating and staying focused to avoid falling into the 'last-minute society' trap.