Parnasianismo - Brasil Escola

Summary

This video lesson dives into the Parnassianism movement in Brazilian literature, explaining its origins and key characteristics. The movement, which flourished in the late 19th century, was marked by a conservative, formalist approach to poetry, emphasizing aesthetic beauty over emotional expression. The lesson highlights the rejection of Romanticism's sentimentalism and explores the focus on technique, meter, and form in Parnassian poetry. Key figures like Olavo Bilac are discussed, with their work embodying the principles of 'art for art's sake.' The video also touches on the critiques of Parnassianism, particularly during the Modernist period, with poets like Manuel Bandeira challenging its ideals.

Takeaways

• 😀 Parnassianism emerged at the end of the 19th century as a poetic movement that sought to return to classical artistic ideals, emphasizing form over content.
• 😀 The movement was deeply influenced by French aestheticism, with Parnassians prioritizing purity, restraint, and a focus on formal aspects like meter, rhyme, and structure in poetry.
• 😀 One of the key ideas of Parnassianism was 'Art for Art's sake,' emphasizing the beauty and technical mastery of art itself, often at the expense of emotional expression or social themes.
• 😀 Parnassian poets rejected the excess of sentimentality in Romantic poetry and focused on crafting poems that were formally impeccable, like sculptures or works of visual art.
• 😀 The term 'Parnassus' comes from Greek mythology, representing the mountain where poets were believed to dwell, symbolizing the movement's reverence for classical tradition.
• 😀 Notable Brazilian Parnassian poets include Olavo Bilac, Alberto de Oliveira, and Raimundo Correia, often regarded as the 'Parnassian Triad' in Brazilian poetry.
• 😀 Olavo Bilac was celebrated as the 'prince of Brazilian poets' and his works epitomized the Parnassian values of formal precision and beauty.
• 😀 The Parnassian movement in Brazil faced resistance, especially from modernist poets like Manuel Bandeira, who criticized the movement in his poem 'Os Sapos' (The Frogs), mocking the overly formal and conservative tendencies of Parnassianism.
• 😀 The formalistic approach of Parnassianism focused more on the structure and style of poetry, often at the cost of exploring deeper or more contemporary content or themes.
• 😀 A famous example of Parnassian poetry is Olavo Bilac's 'Profissão de Fé,' where the poet emphasizes the technical process of writing, comparing the act of crafting a poem to the careful work of a jeweler making a perfect piece of art.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script?

The main focus of the video script is the literary movement called Parnassianism, specifically how it evolved in both France and Brazil during the late 19th century and its characteristics, including its emphasis on form and aesthetics over content.

How did Parnassianism respond to the Romantic movement?

Parnassianism was a reaction against the excesses and sentimentalism of the Romantic movement. Parnassian poets emphasized formal structure, purity, and classical ideals, rejecting the emotional and vulgar themes seen in Romantic poetry.

What was the key aesthetic value for Parnassian poets?

For Parnassian poets, the key aesthetic value was the pursuit of beauty and perfection in form. They believed that poetry should focus on precise and impeccable formal qualities like meter, rhyme, and structure, rather than emotional or thematic content.

What was the significance of the term 'Parnassus' in this movement?

The term 'Parnassus' refers to a mythological mountain in Greece associated with poetry and the arts. It symbolized the ideal of poetry as an elevated, refined art form, which Parnassian poets aimed to embody in their work.

What does 'art for art’s sake' mean in the context of Parnassianism?

'Art for art’s sake' means that the value of art is intrinsic, and it should be created for its own sake, without any moral, political, or social agendas. This philosophy suggests that the primary focus should be on the beauty and craft of the art itself.

Which Brazilian poets are considered important figures in Parnassianism?

In Brazil, the important figures of Parnassianism are Olavo Bilac, Alberto de Oliveira, and Raimundo Correia, who formed a 'trio' of leading poets in this movement.

How did Olavo Bilac view the process of writing poetry?

Olavo Bilac viewed writing poetry as an intricate, meticulous process where the formal aspects, such as rhyme, meter, and structure, were of utmost importance. In his poem 'Profissão de Fé', he likens his writing process to the careful craftsmanship of a jeweler.

What is the tone of Manuel Bandeira’s poem 'Os Sapos'?

The tone of Manuel Bandeira’s poem 'Os Sapos' is satirical and mocking. It humorously critiques the Parnassian poets and their formalist approach, representing them as pompous 'frogs' that need to be replaced by a new poetic era.

Why did the Parnassian movement have a controversial reputation?

The Parnassian movement was controversial because it was seen as overly focused on form at the expense of content. It was accused of fostering alienation by prioritizing technical perfection over the expression of meaningful or socially relevant themes.

What did Parnassian poets reject in terms of subject matter?

Parnassian poets rejected vulgar or sentimental subjects in poetry. They sought to create poems that were aesthetically pure, focusing on formal beauty rather than emotional excess or social commentary.