Modul 4.1 Adenoid Hipertrofi

Summary

This transcript covers the topic of adenoid hypertrophy, explaining its definition as a chronic inflammation of the adenoids, typically due to recurring respiratory infections or allergies. It highlights the symptoms, such as nasal congestion, mouth breathing, snoring, and potential hearing issues caused by eustachian tube blockage. The diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy is discussed through techniques like nasopharyngoscopy, X-rays, and endoscopy. The transcript also addresses treatment options, including medical and surgical interventions, and mentions conditions that can be confused with adenoid issues, such as chronic rhinitis and nasopharyngeal malignancies.

Takeaways

• 😀 Adenoid hypertrophy is the chronic inflammation of the adenoid, a structure located at the roof of the nasopharynx.
• 😀 Repeated upper respiratory infections (ISPA) are one of the leading risk factors for adenoid hypertrophy.
• 😀 Allergies can contribute to the enlargement of the adenoid, causing it to obstruct the airflow through the nasal passages.
• 😀 The main consequence of enlarged adenoids is the obstruction of nasal airflow, forcing breathing through the mouth, which is considered abnormal.
• 😀 The physical manifestation of adenoid hypertrophy is often referred to as 'adenoid facies' or colloquially in Javanese as 'ngowoh' due to the open mouth breathing.
• 😀 Symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy include snoring, nasal congestion, excessive nasal discharge (rhinorrhea), and coughing.
• 😀 In some cases, adenoid enlargement can lead to a decrease in hearing due to blockage of the Eustachian tube, affecting middle ear ventilation.
• 😀 A common diagnostic approach is to use a laryngoscope or endoscope to examine the adenoid and confirm its enlargement.
• 😀 In cases where direct observation with a laryngoscope is difficult, a posterior rhinoscopy can be performed, though it's challenging to get a clear view.
• 😀 In addition to visual examination, X-rays (or radiographs) of the nasopharynx can be used to assess the degree of adenoid enlargement, guiding treatment decisions.

Q & A

What is hypertrophic adenoiditis?

Hypertrophic adenoiditis refers to the chronic inflammation of the adenoid, a lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx. The condition is often due to repeated viral infections and can lead to the enlargement of the adenoid.

What are the risk factors for developing hypertrophic adenoiditis?

The risk factors for hypertrophic adenoiditis include repeated upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), viral infections, and comorbid conditions like allergies, which can trigger inflammation and lead to adenoid enlargement.

How does hypertrophic adenoiditis affect the airways?

Hypertrophic adenoiditis can obstruct the airway passages, particularly the nasal passages, making it difficult to breathe through the nose. This often forces individuals to breathe through their mouth, which is not physiologic and can cause additional health issues.

What are the common symptoms of hypertrophic adenoiditis?

Common symptoms include nasal congestion, mouth breathing, snoring, nasal discharge (rhinorrhea), persistent cough, and sometimes hearing loss due to the obstruction of the eustachian tube.

What is the significance of 'adenoidal facies'?

Adenoidal facies is a clinical appearance seen in individuals with enlarged adenoids, characterized by a constant open mouth posture. This happens because nasal breathing is obstructed, and the individual is forced to breathe through the mouth.

How can hypertrophic adenoiditis lead to hearing problems?

Hypertrophic adenoiditis can obstruct the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx. This blockage can interfere with proper ventilation of the middle ear, potentially leading to hearing loss or ear infections.

What are the diagnostic methods for hypertrophic adenoiditis?

Hypertrophic adenoiditis can be diagnosed using various methods, including posterior rhinoscopy, endoscopy, and radiographic imaging like X-ray to assess the size of the adenoid. In some cases, nasopharyngoscopy with a small camera is used for a more detailed view.

How can a doctor visualize the adenoid during an examination?

Doctors can visualize the adenoid using a laryngeal mirror, which is directed towards the nasopharynx with the help of a headlamp. Alternatively, endoscopic techniques can provide a clearer image of the adenoid enlargement.

What are the treatment options for hypertrophic adenoiditis?

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. It can range from medical management, such as nasal steroids or antibiotics, to surgical options like adenoidectomy if the enlargement significantly affects breathing or hearing.

Can hypertrophic adenoiditis affect cognitive function?

While there is no direct evidence linking adenoiditis to lower IQ, the condition can lead to sleep disturbances, like snoring or poor-quality sleep, which may result in daytime fatigue and concentration difficulties, potentially affecting learning and performance.