43# Bab 33 - Pola Kalimat 1 - Minna no Nihongo II - Kata Kerja Meireikei&Kinshikei

Summary

This video lesson delves into imperative verbs in Japanese, focusing on two types: 'Mirage' and 'Kinshiki.' These verbs are used for giving strong and urgent commands or prohibitions, typically in emergency situations or to close acquaintances. The video explains how to form these verbs based on different verb groups and demonstrates their usage with various examples. It also highlights the importance of context, stressing that these forms should be used only in specific situations to avoid sounding too harsh. The lesson concludes with information about useful Japanese learning resources.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the imperative verbs in Japanese, specifically focusing on the 'Mirage' and 'Kinshiki' verb forms.
• 😀 'Mirage' and 'Kinshiki' are used to give direct, urgent instructions or commands, with 'Mirage' being used for strong commands and 'Kinshiki' for prohibitions.
• 😀 Imperative verbs are commonly used in emergency situations or when strong action is required, such as in dangerous circumstances (e.g., encountering a bear).
• 😀 These verbs are also found on traffic signs, where they serve as short and clear instructions for public safety.
• 😀 The imperative form can be seen in situations with close friends or subordinates, but should not be used with unfamiliar people, except in emergencies.
• 😀 To form imperative verbs in Japanese, the conjugation differs depending on the verb group (Group 1, Group 2, or Group 3).
• 😀 For Group 1 verbs, the final 'Masu' is replaced by the corresponding imperative form like 'Kai' (Buy), 'Tabe' (Eat), 'Nomu' (Drink).
• 😀 Group 2 verbs are simpler, with the 'Masu' ending replaced by 'Ro', such as 'Tabero' (Eat) and 'Miro' (Look).
• 😀 Group 3 verbs follow irregular forms, and their imperative forms like 'Koi' (Come), 'Shiro' (Do), and 'Benkyou Shiro' (Study) need to be memorized.
• 😀 The 'Kinshiki' form is used for prohibitions and is formed by using the dictionary (or plain) form of the verb and adding 'na' (e.g., 'Tabe-na' means 'Don't eat').

Q & A

What is the primary focus of this video lesson?

The primary focus of the video lesson is to teach two types of imperative verbs in Japanese: 'Mirage' (命令形) and 'Kinshiki' (禁止形), their usage, and conjugation patterns.

What is the difference between Mirage and Kinshiki verbs?

'Mirage' is used for giving strong or urgent commands, often in emergency situations, whereas 'Kinshiki' is used for instructing others not to do something.

When is it appropriate to use Mirage verbs?

Mirage verbs should be used in emergency situations or when giving urgent instructions that must be followed immediately for safety or other critical reasons.

Can Mirage verbs be used in casual conversations with strangers?

No, Mirage verbs should not be used in casual conversations with strangers, except in emergency situations where immediate action is required.

What is the main characteristic of Kinshiki verbs?

Kinshiki verbs are used to give negative commands, instructing others not to perform certain actions, particularly in urgent situations.

How are Mirage verbs conjugated for Group 1 verbs?

For Group 1 verbs, the vowel before 'masu' is changed to 'e,' and the 'masu' is dropped. For example, 'tabemasu' (eat) becomes 'tabero' (eat!).

What is the conjugation rule for Group 2 verbs with Mirage forms?

For Group 2 verbs, the 'masu' is replaced with 'ro.' For example, 'mimasu' (look) becomes 'miro' (look!).

How do you conjugate Group 3 verbs with Mirage?

Group 3 verbs do not follow a regular pattern. These verbs must be memorized. For example, 'kimasu' (come) becomes 'koi' (come!).

What is the proper usage of Kinshiki verbs?

Kinshiki verbs are used to instruct someone not to perform an action. For example, 'tabemasu' (eat) becomes 'tabena' (don’t eat!).

Why is it important to avoid using Mirage and Kinshiki verbs with strangers unless in an emergency?

Using these forms with strangers, especially in non-emergency situations, can come off as rude and impolite because they convey a strong and direct tone.