Profil Lengkap Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I

Summary

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, born in 1717, was the founding figure of the Yogyakarta Sultanate. Known for his military prowess, deep spirituality, and cultural contributions, he played a key role in the establishment of Yogyakarta's identity. His reign saw the construction of a strategically positioned palace and significant advancements in Javanese arts, architecture, and governance. The Giyanti Agreement in 1755 split Mataram, leading to the birth of Yogyakarta under his leadership. His legacy as a wise and strategic ruler endures in the city's culture and historical significance.

Takeaways

• 😀 Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, born as Pangeran Mangkubumi, founded the Yogyakarta Sultanate and played a pivotal role in its cultural and political development.
• 😀 He was born on August 5, 1717, as Bendara Raden Mas Sujono, the son of Sunan Amangkurat IV and Mas Ayu Tejawati.
• 😀 From an early age, Pangeran Mangkubumi was skilled in martial arts, horseback riding, and weaponry, while also demonstrating deep religious devotion.
• 😀 He was known for his commitment to prayer, fasting (Monday-Thursday), and studying the Quran, earning the loyalty of his followers.
• 😀 In 1730, after the death of his uncle, Mangkubumi was appointed Pangeran Lurah, a senior position among the royal princes.
• 😀 Mangkubumi's military leadership during the Mataram Kingdom’s turbulent period, including the **Geger Pacinan** uprising, solidified his role as a key figure in defending his people.
• 😀 The **Perjanjian Giyanti** in 1755 marked the establishment of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, with Mangkubumi becoming Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I after signing the agreement.
• 😀 He was highly strategic in urban planning, designing the **Kraton Yogyakarta** with a deep understanding of Javanese philosophy and ensuring its placement for the welfare and security of the people.
• 😀 Sultan Hamengkubuwono I also contributed significantly to the cultural landscape, promoting Javanese arts such as **Wayang Wong**, **Baksen Lawung**, and traditional dance.
• 😀 His architectural and cultural legacies, including the **Taman Sari Water Palace**, reflect his vision for Yogyakarta's growth and its integration of spirituality, philosophy, and beauty.
• 😀 After his death on March 24, 1792, he was buried at **Imogiri Cemetery**, leaving behind a lasting legacy as both a political leader and cultural patron.

Q & A

Who was Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, originally named Pangeran Mangkubumi, was the first Sultan of Yogyakarta and the founder of the Yogyakarta Sultanate. He was born on August 5, 1717, and was known for his leadership in establishing the Kraton (palace) of Yogyakarta and his contributions to the Javanese culture.

What is the significance of the Giyanti Agreement?

The Giyanti Agreement, signed on February 13, 1755, was a crucial peace treaty that divided the Mataram Sultanate into two parts: the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the Sultanate of Surakarta. This agreement marked the beginning of the Yogyakarta Sultanate under Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I.

How did Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I contribute to the architecture of Yogyakarta?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I designed the Kraton Yogyakarta, carefully considering the land's topography and its potential to ensure safety and prosperity for the people. His architectural designs were highly philosophical and spiritual, and he also designed the Tamansari Water Castle.

What was the role of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I in Mataram’s resistance against the VOC?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, known as Pangeran Mangkubumi during the early years, was a key figure in the resistance against the Dutch East India Company (VOC). He gathered thousands of followers and fought to reduce the VOC's influence over Mataram.

What was the cultural and spiritual significance of the Kraton Yogyakarta?

The Kraton Yogyakarta was not only a royal palace but also a cultural and spiritual center. Its design, including the layout of buildings, gardens, and even the plants, was imbued with deep philosophical meaning, reflecting Javanese values of harmony, balance, and spiritual significance.

What principles did Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I emphasize for his soldiers?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I introduced the concept of 'watak Satrio' for his soldiers, which emphasized total concentration, determination, and a sense of responsibility. This concept was central to the behavior and mindset of his warriors and was reflected in various forms of art, including dance and performance.

What kind of ruler was Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, based on the script?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I was portrayed as a wise, spiritual, and visionary ruler. He was known for his deep faith, his strategic military decisions, and his dedication to building a prosperous and culturally rich Yogyakarta. He was also a builder in both architectural and cultural senses.

How did Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I impact the arts in Yogyakarta?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I played a key role in promoting traditional Javanese arts, such as dance and theater. He initiated various forms of cultural performances, including 'wayang wong' (a type of traditional theater) and 'beksan lawung' dance, which are still celebrated in Yogyakarta today.

What challenges did Mataram face during the early 1740s?

During the 1740s, Mataram faced significant internal unrest, including the Geger Pacinan and subsequent rebellions led by figures like Sunan Kuning and Pangeran Sambernyawa. These uprisings forced the royal court to move from Kartasura to Surakarta, creating a turbulent period for the region.

How did Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I’s leadership impact the people of Yogyakarta?

Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I earned deep loyalty from his followers due to his compassion, humility, and commitment to the welfare of the people. His actions, including offering help to the weak and maintaining a strong moral and religious standing, earned him respect and devotion from his subjects.