CN 7 : TCP / IP Model | Easy Explanation with Examples | Computer Network

Summary

In this tutorial, the host explains the TCP/IP model, its layers, and their functionality within computer networking. Starting with an overview of the model's history and significance, the video dives into each of the four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access. Key protocols such as HTTP, TCP, UDP, IP, and ARP are discussed, with examples provided to illustrate their roles in enabling communication between devices. The video also touches on common exam questions related to the TCP/IP model, helping learners understand both theory and practical applications in networking.

Takeaways

• 😀 The TCP/IP model is an older version of the OSI model, developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1960s, and was pivotal in the development of ARPANET.
• 😀 The TCP/IP model has 4 layers: Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internet Layer, and Network Access Layer, compared to the 7 layers in the OSI model.
• 😀 The Application Layer handles communication between user-facing applications like WhatsApp, Facebook, and email services, using protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and FTP.
• 😀 The Transport Layer is responsible for reliable data transfer and error control, utilizing protocols like TCP (connection-oriented) and UDP (connectionless).
• 😀 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) guarantees reliable communication by establishing a connection and retransmitting lost data, making it slower but reliable.
• 😀 UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is faster than TCP but does not ensure the delivery of data, making it suitable for applications like streaming where speed is more important than reliability.
• 😀 The Internet Layer, also known as the IP Layer, handles packet routing between devices using IP addresses, ensuring data is delivered to the correct destination.
• 😀 The Internet Layer uses protocols like IP for routing data packets, ICMP for error reporting, and ARP for resolving IP addresses to physical MAC addresses.
• 😀 The Network Access Layer combines the functionalities of the OSI model's Physical and Data Link layers, converting data into signals for transmission over physical mediums like Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
• 😀 Understanding the TCP/IP model is essential for networking exams and practical applications, with real-world usage of protocols like HTTP, FTP, and IP affecting daily communication and internet services.

Q & A

What does TCP/IP stand for?

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. It is a set of communication protocols used for interconnecting network devices on the internet.

Who developed the TCP/IP model and when?

The TCP/IP model was developed by the Department of Defense in the 1960s, and it played a key role in the development of ARPANET, the first wide-area network.

How is the TCP/IP model related to the OSI model?

The TCP/IP model is an older version of the OSI model. While the OSI model has seven layers, the TCP/IP model has four layers. Some layers in the OSI model are combined in the TCP/IP model.

What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: 1. Network Access Layer (combines OSI’s Physical and Data Link layers), 2. Internet Layer (equivalent to OSI’s Network layer), 3. Transport Layer, and 4. Application Layer (combines OSI’s Application, Presentation, and Session layers).

What protocols are used in the Application Layer of the TCP/IP model?

The Application Layer uses protocols like HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), FTP (File Transfer Protocol), NTP (Network Time Protocol), and Telnet.

What are the main functions of the Transport Layer in the TCP/IP model?

The Transport Layer is responsible for segmentation (breaking data into smaller units), flow control (managing the rate of data transmission), and error control (ensuring data is transmitted accurately). It uses protocols like TCP and UDP.

What is the difference between TCP and UDP protocols in the Transport Layer?

TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable data delivery by establishing a connection and retransmitting lost data. UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not guarantee delivery, but it is faster and suitable for applications like video streaming where speed is more important than reliability.

What role does the Internet Layer play in the TCP/IP model?

The Internet Layer handles IP addressing and routing. It determines the best path for data to travel from the sender to the receiver, ensuring packets reach their destination correctly. Key protocols in this layer include IP, ICMP (for error reporting), and ARP (for mapping IP addresses to physical addresses).

How does the Network Access Layer function in the TCP/IP model?

The Network Access Layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data. It converts data into signals and handles the connection between devices, using physical media like cables (coaxial, fiber optic) or wireless connections. It includes aspects of both the Physical and Data Link layers in the OSI model.

Can you provide an example of how data flows through the layers of the TCP/IP model?

For example, when a message like 'Hi, how are you?' is sent through WhatsApp, it flows through the TCP/IP layers as follows: The message is generated in the Application Layer, sent to the Transport Layer where it is segmented, forwarded to the Internet Layer where IP addressing and routing occur, and finally transmitted as signals through the Network Access Layer.