1 4 Evolution Du Microprocesseur
Summary
TLDRThis video, part of a series on computer architecture, delves into the microprocessor's architecture and function. It begins with the history of computing devices, highlighting the ENIAC and the shift from vacuum tubes to transistors in 1955. The introduction of the microprocessor in the 1970s revolutionized computer production by reducing cost and increasing speed. The integrated circuit, invented by Jack Kilby in 1958, laid the foundation for the microprocessor. The Intel 4004, released in 1971, contained 2300 transistors and could perform 92,600 operations per second. Today's microprocessors, like Intel's i9 11900k with 17 billion transistors, demonstrate the exponential growth in transistor count, as predicted by Moore's Law. The video explains the binary language of microprocessors and how it's translated for human interaction, and it briefly touches on the transistor's role in forming logical gates that enable calculations. Stay tuned for the next part, which will explore how microprocessors execute instructions.
Takeaways
- 💡 The video is a continuation of a series on computer hardware and software architecture, focusing on the microprocessor architecture.
- 📡 Computers and smartphones have revolutionized our lives, and the central electronic component behind these devices is the microprocessor.
- 🚀 The first fully electronic computer, ENIAC, was created in 1945 and used vacuum tubes, which were later replaced by transistors in 1955.
- ⚡ The invention of the transistor led to the development of the first transistor-based computer, the TRADIC, marking a significant shift in computing technology.
- 📚 The microprocessor emerged in the early 1970s as an integrated circuit, resulting from the miniaturization of electronic components on a silicon chip.
- 📉 The introduction of the microprocessor reduced the cost and increased the speed of computing, transforming the production of computers.
- 🏗️ Jack Kilby created the first integrated circuit in 1958 by manually wiring several transistors to form memory and logic and arithmetic units.
- 📈 The Intel 4004, released in 1971, was the first commercial microprocessor and contained 2300 transistors, capable of performing 92,600 operations per second.
- 🔍 The number of transistors in microprocessors has been increasing, following Moore's Law, which predicts a doubling every two years.
- 🌟 Modern microprocessors, like Intel's i9 11900k, contain billions of transistors, with manufacturing processes approaching the size of atoms.
- ⚙️ Microprocessors operate using machine language, which is binary, and scientists have developed lookup tables to translate binary into more manageable code.
- 🔢 The architecture of a microprocessor is an arrangement of transistors, with each transistor having three pins: drain, source, and gate, functioning as an electrical switch.
Q & A
What is the main topic of this video?
-The main topic of this video is the architecture and functioning of the microprocessor.
What was the first fully electronic computer created in 1945?
-The first fully electronic computer created in 1945 was the ENIAC, which operated with vacuum tubes.
What significant change occurred in 1955 in the field of computing?
-In 1955, the invention of the transistor marked a significant change, as it led to the creation of the TRADIC (Transistor Digital Computer), the first transistor-based computer.
What does the acronym ENIAC stand for?
-The acronym ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
How did the invention of the microprocessor revolutionize computer production?
-The invention of the microprocessor revolutionized computer production by reducing energy costs, manufacturing costs, and increasing calculation speed due to its integrated circuit design.
Who created the integrated circuit, and in what year?
-Jack Kilby created the integrated circuit in 1958.
What was the name of the first microprocessor invented by Intel?
-The first microprocessor invented by Intel was named the Intel 4004.
How many transistors did the Intel 4004 microprocessor contain, and what was its operating frequency?
-The Intel 4004 microprocessor contained 2300 transistors and operated at a frequency of 740 kHz.
What is Moore's Law, and how does it relate to the number of transistors in microprocessors?
-Moore's Law predicts that the number of transistors on a microprocessor would double approximately every two years, leading to an increase in performance and a decrease in size.
How many transistors does the latest Intel i9 11900k microprocessor contain?
-The latest Intel i9 11900k microprocessor contains 17 billion transistors.
What is the basic function of a transistor in a microprocessor?
-A transistor in a microprocessor functions as an electrical switch, controlled by a gate, and can be part of an NMOS or PMOS configuration to allow or block current flow.
What are the two types of transistors mentioned in the script, and how do they differ?
-The two types of transistors mentioned are NMOS, which allows current to flow out if the gate is powered, and PMOS, which does the opposite of NMOS.
How are transistors combined to form logic gates, which are essential for calculations in a microprocessor?
-Transistors are combined to form logic gates, such as AND and OR gates, which perform calculations based on input signals and are the building blocks of the microprocessor's architecture.
What is the purpose of the ASCII table in relation to microprocessors?
-The ASCII table translates binary language into characters and symbols, making it easier to communicate with microprocessors that operate in binary.
How does the ASCII table simplify communication with a microprocessor?
-The ASCII table simplifies communication by assigning binary sequences to characters, such as 'A' being represented by a specific binary sequence, allowing for more intuitive interaction with the microprocessor.
Outlines
😀 Introduction to Microprocessor Architecture
This paragraph introduces the video's focus on the microprocessor architecture, part of a larger series on computer hardware and software. The presenter welcomes viewers and sets the stage for exploring the central electronic component behind devices like computers and smartphones. The historical context is established with the creation of the first fully electronic computer, ENIAC, in 1945, and the subsequent invention of the transistor in 1955. The paragraph highlights the revolutionary impact of the microprocessor, which emerged in the early 1970s, leading to a significant reduction in manufacturing costs and an increase in computational speed. The microprocessor is described as an integrated circuit resulting from the miniaturization of electronic components on a silicon chip.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Microprocessor
💡Transistor
💡Integrated Circuit
💡Moore's Law
💡Binary Language
💡ASCII Table
💡Logic Gates
💡NMOS and PMOS
💡ENIAC
💡Instruction Execution
Highlights
Introduction to the second section on microprocessor architecture and its function.
The central electronic component behind computers and smartphones is the microprocessor.
The ENIAC was the first fully electronic computer, using vacuum tubes, created in 1945.
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in 1955, making computers smaller, more reliable, and energy-efficient.
The microprocessor revolutionized computer production in the early 1970s with integrated circuits.
Jack Kilby created the first integrated circuit in 1958 by manually wiring several transistors.
The Intel 4004, released in 1971, was the first commercial microprocessor with 2300 transistors.
The Intel 4004 could perform 92,600 operations per second at a frequency of 740 kHz.
Modern electronic devices all contain integrated circuits since the 1970s.
Moore's Law indicates that the number of transistors doubles every two years.
The Intel i9 11900k, a recent microprocessor, contains 17 billion transistors.
Transistor miniaturization has reached below 10 nanometers, approaching the size of atoms.
Microprocessors operate using machine language, which is binary.
Binary language is translated into more accessible formats like ASCII for easier communication.
A transistor has three pins: drain, source, and gate, acting as an electrical switch.
There are two types of transistors: NMOS and PMOS, which allow current flow differently.
Transistors are combined to form logic gates, which enable calculations.
Logic gates like AND and OR are fundamental to microprocessor architecture.
The video concludes with a teaser for the second part, which will explain microprocessor instruction execution.
Transcripts
[Musique]
bonjour bienvenue dans cette vidéo qui
constitue la suite de la séquence 3
intitulée architecture matérielle et
logiciel des ordinateurs dans cette
vidéo je vais présenter le deuxème grain
ou la deuxème section intitulée
architecture du
microprocesseur si vous visionnez cette
vidéo c'est que vous êtes probablement
sur votre ordinateur ou votre smartphone
comme vous le savez ces dispositifs ont
bouleversé notre existence mais ça
savez-vous quel est le composant
électronique central qui se cache
derrière ces machines et qui permet leur
fonctionnement dans cette vidéo nous
découvrirons l'architecture du
microprocesseur ainsi que son
fonctionnement nous avons vu dans une
séquence précédente qu'en 1945 fut créé
le premier ordinateur entièrement
électronique du nom denniac fonctionnant
avec des tubes à vide le problème était
que ces tubes n'étit pas FiBL en 1955
les choses vont changer avec l'invention
du transistor le tradic pour transistor
digital computer qui sera le premier
ordinateur à transistor en effet ces
derniers sont des composants
électroniques à semi-conducteur qui sont
beaucoup plus petit plus fiable et qui
consomme moins d'énergie mais la grande
révolution se produira au début des
années 70 avec l'apparition de
microprocesseur qui représente un
circuit intégré fruit de la
miniaturisation des composants
électroniques sur une plaque de silicium
de quelques centimètres Carr ce
composant électronique a bouleversé la
production des ordinateurs en réduisant
le coût énergétique en diminuant le coût
de fabrication et surtout en augmentant
la vitesse du calcul à l'origine le
circuit intégré a été créé en 1958 58
par Jack Kilby cet ingénieur en
électronique avait pu câbler à la main
plusieurs transistors permettant de
réaliser des mémoires et des unités
logiques et arithmétiques en 1969
martien off et fréériicangin ont inventé
le premier microprocesseur que Intel
commercialiste 2 ans plus tard sous le
nom d'Intel 4004 il contenait 2300
transistors et pouvait réaliser 92600
opérations par seconde à une fréquence
de 740 kHz sa performance était
comparable à l'ordinateur ENAC qui
occupait 67 m² pour un poids de 30
tonnes aujourd'hui tous nos appareils
électroniques disposent de tels circuits
intégrés depuis les années 70 le nombre
de transistors n'a cessé d'augmenter
dans les microprocesseurs la loi de
Moore nous indique que le nombre de
transistors doublerait tous les 2 ans
par exemple en 1970 le microprocesseur
Intel 4004 comprenait 2300 transistors
alors que le plus récent microprocesseur
d'Intel le i9 11 900k comprend 17
milliards de transistors en effet nous
avons tellement miniaturisé les
transistors que leur finesse de gravure
est passée en dessous des 10y nanomètres
et qu'elle s'approche de nos jours de la
taille des des atomes ceci dit comment
alors fonctionne un microprocesseur il
faut savoir que le microprocesseur ne
comprend que le langage machine qui est
le langage binaire en réalité il s'agit
de signaux électriques capte le
microprocesseur le 1 veut dire qu'il y a
passage du courant et Z0 non mais il
n'est pas pratique de communiquer avec
le microprocesseur en utilisant le
langage binaire pour remédier à ce
problème les scientifiques ont traduit
le langage binaire en créant la table à
ski par exemple la lettre A se traduit
par une suite de é0 et de 1 la même
chose pour la lettre B la phrase Hello
World et oui ça fait beaucoup de
zéro grâce à cette table la
communication était devenue plus simple
quant à l'architecture du
processeur nous ne pouvons l'aborder que
si l'on aborde en premier lieu
l'architecture du transistor car en
effet un microprocesseur est un
agencement de transistor le transistor
se compose de trois broches le drain
la source et la grille il se comporte
comme un interrupteur électrique
commandé par la grille il existe deux
types le NMOS qui laisse le courant en
sortie si la grille est alimentée et le
PMOS qui effectue l'inverse du NMOS la
combinaison de ces transistor permet de
former des portes logiques et c'est
grâce à ces portes logiques qu'on peut
effectuer des calculs par exemple la
porte e qui prend en sortie la valeur 1
si seulement les deux entrées valent 1
si l'une des deux entrées vaut zéro
alors la sortie vaudra zéro quant à la
porte ou qui est légèrement différente
de la porte e elle prend la valeur 1 si
l'une des entrées vaut 1 il existe bien
sûr d'autres portes la combinaison de
ces portes forme l'architecture du
microprocesseur nous sommes arrivés à la
fin de la première partie de cette
section je vous donne rendez-vous pour
la deuxième partie dans laquelle on
découvrira comment le microprocesseur
exécute ses instructions merci à
[Musique]
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)