Post partum dan perawatan perinium

Summary

This video script offers a comprehensive guide to postpartum physical examination and perineal care, focusing on essential steps for assessing a mother's health after childbirth. It covers taking medical history, checking vital signs, and examining key areas such as the head, breasts, uterus, abdomen, genital region, and extremities. It also emphasizes perineal care to prevent infection, including inspecting for episiotomies or ruptures. Additionally, the script addresses the emotional and psychological well-being of the mother. Through detailed instruction, this educational content equips healthcare professionals with the knowledge needed to care for postpartum mothers effectively.

Takeaways

• 😀 Perform thorough hand hygiene before starting the physical examination.
• 😀 Encourage the mother to empty her bladder prior to the exam for comfort and accuracy.
• 😀 Conduct a complete anamnesis, including inquiries about common postpartum issues like dizziness, pain, and breastfeeding concerns.
• 😀 Measure vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to assess the mother's health status.
• 😀 Check the conjunctiva for signs of anemia, as blood loss during delivery may cause paleness.
• 😀 Perform a comprehensive breast examination, including inspection, palpation, and checking for milk or colostrum production.
• 😀 Assess the abdominal area for distension, perform auscultation to check bowel sounds, and measure the uterine fundus to ensure proper postpartum recovery.
• 😀 Inspect the perineum for lochia (postpartum bleeding) and check for signs of infection or complications like episiotomy or lacerations using the REDA scale (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation).
• 😀 Evaluate bladder fullness and perform a rectal exam to check for hemorrhoids or other abnormalities in the anal region.
• 😀 Perform extremities examination to check for any signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), swelling, varicose veins, or pain using methods like Homan’s Sign.
• 😀 Assess the mother’s emotional and psychological state to understand her dependency and coping during the 'taking-in' phase of postpartum recovery.

Q & A

What is the main objective of postpartum physical examination?

The main objective of postpartum physical examination is to assess the mother's health status after childbirth and identify necessary interventions and educational needs for her recovery.

Why is perineal care important after childbirth?

Perineal care is crucial after childbirth to prevent infections in the genital area, which may arise due to trauma or episiotomy during delivery.

What is the first step in postpartum physical examination?

The first step in postpartum physical examination is washing hands to ensure hygiene and reduce the risk of infection.

What should the mother do before the examination begins?

The mother is advised to empty her bladder before the examination begins to ensure comfort and accurate results.

What is assessed during the physical examination of the breast?

The examination of the breast includes inspecting for symmetry, swelling, or color changes, followed by palpation to check for hardness, lumps, or soft tissue, and checking for the presence of colostrum or breast milk.

How is the uterus assessed during the postpartum physical exam?

The uterus is assessed by palpating the abdominal area to determine the height of the fundus and its position. The fundus should be at the level of the umbilicus on the first day after delivery and gradually descend within 14 days.

What is the significance of checking the temperature during the examination?

Checking the temperature helps identify any potential signs of infection. A normal temperature range for a postpartum mother is around 36.5°C.

What does the assessment of the abdomen include?

The abdominal assessment includes inspecting for distension, auscultating bowel sounds in all quadrants, and palpating to check for any abnormalities or signs of uterine involution.

How is the perineum examined for signs of infection or complications?

The perineum is examined for lochia, the presence of blood or discharge, and any signs of infection in cases of episiotomy. The examination also checks for redness, swelling, bruising, or abnormal discharge from the sutures.

Why is an emotional status evaluation important in postpartum care?

Evaluating emotional status is important to understand the mother's psychological state, as postpartum women may experience emotional challenges, particularly in the early days. It helps ensure she is coping well and receiving adequate support.