🇵🇪🇧🇴La HISTORIA de la CONFEDERACIÓN PERUANO-BOLIVIANA 🇵🇪🇧🇴 - El Mapa de Sebas

Summary

This video explores the historical union between Peru and Bolivia, which led to the creation of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation in the early 19th century. The confederation emerged during a period of instability and ideological division, with figures like Simón Bolívar and Andrés de Santa Cruz advocating for unity. Despite initial successes, internal conflicts and external pressures from Chile and Argentina led to the collapse of the confederation. The video delves into the causes of the war, the political struggles, and the eventual dissolution of the union, posing the question of whether the two nations should have remained united.

Takeaways

• 😀 Peru and Bolivia share a similar history, culture, and traditions, with both being important cradles of pre-Columbian Andean civilizations.
• 😀 In the early 19th century, there was an ideological movement called unionism, advocating for the unification of Peru and Bolivia, supported by figures like Simón Bolívar and Andrés de Santa Cruz.
• 😀 Political instability in Peru, particularly during the civil wars, created an opening for Bolivia to intervene and eventually lead to the creation of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
• 😀 The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was established after a military victory by Santa Cruz, dividing Peru into two states: Northern Peru and Southern Peru, with Bolivia maintaining influence.
• 😀 The Confederation was unpopular in northern Peru, leading to the formation of the 'Restoration Army' aimed at reestablishing Peru's independence from Bolivia.
• 😀 Chile, fearing the expansion of Santa Cruz’s influence, intervened by supporting the Restoration Army, beginning a war against the Confederation.
• 😀 The Confederation was also embroiled in territorial disputes with Argentina, which contributed to Santa Cruz having to divide his forces and weakening his position.
• 😀 In 1839, after a series of military defeats, including the Battle of Yungay, the Confederation was dissolved, marking the end of the union between Peru and Bolivia.
• 😀 The collapse of the Confederation led to the reestablishment of Peru as an independent republic, while Bolivia's influence was reduced over the region.
• 😀 Despite military victories in Argentina, Santa Cruz’s inability to secure the Confederation’s survival marked the end of the potential for a lasting union between Peru and Bolivia.
• 😀 The dissolution of the Confederation and the subsequent war between Peru and Bolivia in 1841 marked the final failure of unification efforts between the two nations.

Q & A

What were the common cultural and historical features shared by Peru and Bolivia?

Both Peru and Bolivia are Andean and Amazonian countries with a shared history, culture, and traditions. They are also the birthplace of important pre-Columbian Andean civilizations.

What was the Peru-Bolivian Confederation?

The Peru-Bolivian Confederation was a political union formed in 1836, in which Peru and Bolivia joined together under the leadership of Andrés de Santa Cruz, with Santa Cruz as the Protector Supreme.

Who was the key ideological figure behind the idea of uniting Peru and Bolivia?

Simón Bolívar was a key ideological figure behind the unionist movement, advocating for the unity of the Andean nations based on their shared cultural heritage.

What caused the outbreak of the first civil war in Peru in 1835?

The election of Luis José de Orbegoso as provisional president triggered a civil war due to ideological differences between him and former president Agustín Gamarra, leading to military insurrections.

What role did Bolivia play in the civil war in Peru?

Bolivia, under President Andrés de Santa Cruz, intervened in the Peruvian civil war by sending troops to support Orbegoso, which escalated the conflict and led to the formation of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.

How did the Confederation of Peru and Bolivia affect the political landscape in both countries?

The Confederation divided Peru into two states, one aligned with Bolivia and the other resisting it. It created a tense political environment, with some Peruvians opposed to the union and fighting for Peru’s restoration.

Why did Chile become involved in the conflict between Peru and the Confederation?

Chile intervened in the conflict because it viewed the Confederation as a threat to its territorial interests and the stability of the region, leading to Chile's military support for the Restorationist forces.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Yungay in 1839?

The Restorationist forces, supported by Chile, defeated the Confederation's troops in the Battle of Yungay, leading to the dissolution of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation and the restoration of Peru’s independence.

What happened after the fall of the Confederation in 1839?

After the Confederation's dissolution, the northern and southern states of Peru were re-unified, and Bolivia was left to handle internal instability. The attempt to re-unite both nations failed, leading to separate paths for Peru and Bolivia.

How did the attempt at unification in the 1840s end for both Peru and Bolivia?

In the 1840s, the attempt to re-unify Peru and Bolivia under Peruvian leadership failed. Agustín Gamarra, who led the effort, was killed in battle, marking the end of any future unification between the two nations.