Peracika Sitostatika

Summary

This video script covers the essential practices for handling and preparing cytostatic medications safely. It emphasizes the need for specialized rooms and equipment like vertical laminar air flow cabinets to avoid exposure to hazardous drugs. Personnel should wear protective gear, including double gloves, face shields, and masks. The script also highlights proper storage, transportation, and disposal protocols for cytostatic drugs, ensuring they are stored separately and disposed of with care. In case of contamination or accidents, specific emergency procedures must be followed. The importance of using spill kits to manage cytostatic spills safely is also discussed.

Takeaways

• 😀 Cytostatic drug preparation must be done in a controlled environment to prevent contamination and protect personnel.
• 😀 Vertical laminar air flow (VLF) is recommended for preparing cytostatic drugs, as it provides better safety compared to horizontal airflow.
• 😀 Personnel handling cytostatic drugs should not be pregnant, planning a pregnancy, breastfeeding, or in close contact with someone who is.
• 😀 Protective equipment such as a three-layer mask, double-layer gloves, goggles, hair covering, and protective footwear is essential for safety during preparation.
• 😀 Risks of cytostatic drugs include exposure to drug vapors, accidental spills, splashes, needle-stick injuries, and aerosol formation during mixing.
• 😀 Cytostatic drugs must be clearly labeled with hazard symbols and handled with care to avoid environmental contamination.
• 😀 Special containers are required for transporting cytostatic drugs to prevent spillage and exposure during transit.
• 😀 Cytostatic drug waste should be separated from other waste and disposed of in labeled containers, typically in red bags, and incinerated at the correct temperature.
• 😀 If exposure occurs, affected areas must be washed immediately with water and soap, and appropriate antidotes must be administered.
• 😀 Spill kits containing materials for handling both liquid and powder spills should be available, with different protocols for spills inside and outside laminar airflow systems.

Q & A

What is the importance of a controlled environment when preparing cytostatic preparations?

A controlled environment is crucial to prevent contamination and ensure the safety of personnel and others in the vicinity. It prevents exposure to harmful substances that could arise from cytostatic drugs, such as aerosol formation, splashes, or accidental exposure during the preparation process.

Why is a vertical laminar air flow (VLF) preferred for preparing cytostatic preparations over a horizontal one?

A vertical laminar air flow is preferred because it provides better protection from airborne contaminants by directing air downward, preventing the spread of particles in the preparation area, which is especially important for handling toxic substances like cytostatics.

What personnel restrictions are mentioned for preparing cytostatic medications?

The preparation of cytostatic medications should be avoided by women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant, as well as men who are planning to father children, due to the potential reproductive risks associated with exposure to cytostatic drugs.

What are the potential sources of exposure to cytostatic drugs during preparation?

Exposure can occur through the release of drug vapors when opening vials, aerosol formation during reconstitution, accidental splashes or spills, needle stick injuries, or other unintended contact with the drug.

What personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended when preparing cytostatic drugs?

Recommended PPE includes a three-layer disposable surgical mask (with an outer layer of N95), a full-body gown, gloves (two layers of nitrile gloves, with an inner layer of detailed material), eye protection (such as goggles), and shoe covers, all designed to minimize direct exposure to toxic substances.

How should waste related to cytostatic drugs be managed?

Waste containing cytostatic drugs should be separated from non-cytostatic waste. It must be disposed of in designated containers marked for cytostatic waste, and sharp objects should be placed in safety boxes. Cytostatic waste should be incinerated at high temperatures to safely eliminate it.

What should be done if a healthcare worker is exposed to cytostatic drugs?

If exposure occurs through skin contact, the affected area should be washed immediately with warm water and soap or detergent. If there is a needle stick injury, the needle should be removed, and the wound should be cleaned and disinfected with appropriate solutions. Eye exposure requires immediate rinsing with saline solution or appropriate eye wash for several minutes.

What are the storage and labeling requirements for cytostatic drugs?

Cytostatic drugs should be stored separately from other medications, either at room temperature or in a refrigerator, depending on the specific drug's requirements. They should be labeled clearly as 'cytostatic' to indicate their hazardous nature. Any medication containing cytostatics should also include an appropriate handling label.

How should cytostatic drugs be transported between facilities?

Cytostatic drugs should be transported in containers that are resistant to temperature changes and sealed tightly to prevent leakage. The transport route should minimize pedestrian traffic to reduce the risk of accidents, and the drugs must be protected from light and extreme temperatures.

What steps should be taken when handling a cytostatic drug spill?

When handling a spill of cytostatic drugs, the first step is to use a specific spill kit designed for handling such substances. The response will vary depending on whether the spill is liquid or powder, and whether it occurs within a controlled air flow hood or elsewhere.