KISAH DIBALIK HARI PAHLAWAN - PERTEMPURAN SURABAYA 10 NOVEMBER 1945 | Ruangguru Update

Summary

This video recounts the Battle of Surabaya, a pivotal conflict in Indonesia’s fight for independence that occurred from October 27 to November 20, 1945. The battle peaked on November 10, when Indonesian forces, led by figures like Bung Tomo, fiercely resisted British and Dutch troops. Following Indonesia’s independence declaration in August 1945, tensions escalated as the Allied forces attempted to restore colonial rule. The battle caused immense destruction and loss of life, particularly among civilians, earning Surabaya the title 'City of Heroes.' The day is now commemorated annually as National Heroes Day in Indonesia.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Battle of Surabaya occurred from October 27 to November 20, 1945, shortly after Indonesia declared independence on August 17, 1945.
• 😀 The British and Dutch forces arrived in Indonesia to repatriate Japanese soldiers and restore Dutch colonial control, which triggered anger and resistance from the Indonesian population.
• 😀 A failed negotiation on October 27, 1945, between Indonesian representatives and the Dutch led to the breakdown of peace talks, escalating the conflict.
• 😀 On October 30, 1945, British Brigadier General Mallaby was killed, which intensified the fighting and led to an ultimatum from the British to the Indonesian forces.
• 😀 The Surabaya residents, inspired by Bung Tomo's speech, adopted the slogan 'merdeka atau mati' ('freedom or death') and fiercely resisted the colonial powers.
• 😀 The Battle of Surabaya marked one of the first major battles between Indonesian forces and foreign powers after the nation's independence.
• 😀 The battle was intense, lasting three weeks and causing significant destruction in Surabaya, with tens of thousands of casualties and extensive damage.
• 😀 Approximately 150,000 people were displaced during the battle, and around 1,600 British soldiers were killed or went missing.
• 😀 Surabaya was later commemorated as the 'City of Heroes' for its pivotal role in the fight for Indonesia's independence.
• 😀 November 10, 1945, the peak of the battle, is now celebrated as Heroes' Day, a national observance to honor the sacrifices made during the fight for freedom.
• 😀 The video also introduces Ruangguru’s educational tool, Robo Guru, which helps students solve problems quickly and accurately, along with a 24/7 tutoring service to aid in learning.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Battle of Surabaya that took place on November 10, 1945?

The Battle of Surabaya was a major confrontation after Indonesia's independence, where Indonesian forces fought against British and Dutch soldiers. It is significant as it marked a crucial moment in the struggle for Indonesia's independence, and the events of November 10 became the foundation for the commemoration of National Heroes Day.

What led to the conflict between Indonesian forces and the British and Dutch troops?

After Indonesia declared independence in August 1945, the British landed in Jakarta and later in Surabaya to repatriate Japanese soldiers and re-establish Dutch colonial rule. This sparked anger among the Indonesian people, who saw the actions as an attempt to undermine their newly won independence.

When did the Battle of Surabaya take place, and what were the key dates involved?

The Battle of Surabaya took place from October 27 to November 20, 1945, with the peak of the fighting occurring on November 10, 1945.

Who was Brigadier General Mallaby, and what role did he play in the Battle of Surabaya?

Brigadier General Mallaby was the highest-ranking British officer in East Java. His death on October 30, 1945, after being shot during the battle, escalated tensions between the Indonesian forces and the British, leading to further conflict.

What was the ultimatum issued by the British following Brigadier General Mallaby's death?

After Mallaby's death, British forces issued an ultimatum demanding that all Indonesian leaders and civilians surrender their weapons and cease fighting. This ultimatum was rejected by the Indonesians, fueling the continuation of the battle.

How did Bung Tomo contribute to the Battle of Surabaya?

Bung Tomo played a crucial role in motivating the Indonesian fighters through his fiery speeches, calling for perseverance in the face of adversity with his slogan 'Merdeka or mati' (Freedom or Death). His leadership inspired many to fight for Indonesia's independence.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Surabaya in terms of casualties and damage?

The battle resulted in heavy casualties, with tens of thousands of Indonesians, mostly civilians, losing their lives. Additionally, around 1600 British soldiers were killed or went missing, and significant damage was done to Surabaya's infrastructure.

Why is Surabaya referred to as the 'City of Heroes'?

Surabaya is called the 'City of Heroes' because of its pivotal role in the battle for Indonesia’s independence, where many Indonesians sacrificed their lives to defend the nation’s sovereignty during the Battle of Surabaya.

What legal decision established November 10 as National Heroes Day in Indonesia?

November 10 was officially designated as National Heroes Day through Presidential Decree No. 316 of 1959, signed by President Sukarno. This was done to honor the sacrifices made by the Indonesian people during the Battle of Surabaya.

How does the video relate to the educational platform Ruangguru?

The video encourages students to use Ruangguru's features, such as RoboGuru, which helps answer questions quickly and accurately, and the Group Plus feature that offers tutoring services, to enhance their learning experience.